Kodi mumadziwa bwanji komwe ndalama zimabisika?
Nthawi zambiri, timapeza kuti tikufufuza zambiri za komwe kuli ndalama zobisika komanso njira zodziwira. Izi zitha kukhala zochitika zamalamulo, monga kufufuza katundu. wa munthu m’chisudzulo, kapena m’zochitika zosaloledwa, monga kufufuza ndalama zopezedwa mwa njira zosaloledwa. Kuti tichite izi, m'pofunika kudziwa njira ndi zida zomwe zingatithandize kupeza ndalama zomwe zabisika mwadala.
Kufunafuna ndalama zobisika kumafuna njira yaukadaulo komanso yosamala. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti kupeza ndalama zobisika si ntchito yophweka ndipo kumafuna kuyang'anitsitsa ndi kukonzekera. Kufufuza kumaphatikizapo kufufuza mosamala kayendetsedwe ka ndalama, kusanthula deta ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuti apeze zizindikiro zomwe zingayambitse komwe kuli ndalama zobisika. Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi chidziwitso chapadera m'magawo monga ma auditing, kufufuza zachuma ndi ma forensic accounting.
Imodzi mwa njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndikutsata zochitika zachuma. Kuti muvumbulutse ndalama zobisika, ndikofunikira kuti mufufuze zomwe zachitika ndi munthu kapena bungwe lomwe likufufuzidwa. Izi zikuphatikiza kuunikanso ma rekodi aku banki, makhadi a ngongole, mayendedwe akunja akunja, ndi njira zina zilizonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubisa kapena kusamutsa ndalama zitha kuwulula zizindikiro zokayikitsa kapena njira zachilendo zomwe zimalola kutsatira njira ya ndalama zobisika.
Kusanthula kwa chidziwitso chandalama ndi kuzindikiritsa machitidwe ndizofunikiranso. Zolemba zokhudzana ndi zachuma zikasonkhanitsidwa, ndikofunika kufufuza bwino zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa. Izi zikuphatikiza kuzindikiritsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ndalama, kusamutsidwa kwandalama kokayikitsa, maakaunti m'dzina la anthu ena kapena makampani onama, pakati pa zizindikiro zina. Zitsanzozi zimatha kupereka zidziwitso zofunika ndikuthandiza ofufuza kutsatira njira ya ndalama zobisika.
Mwachidule, kuzindikira ndalama zobisika kumafuna njira yaukadaulo komanso yosamala. Kutsata zandalama, kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane, ndi kuzindikira machitidwe ndi zida zazikulu pofufuza ndalama zobisika. Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira izi njira iyi Iyenera kuchitidwa ndi akatswiri apadera m'munda, omwe ali ndi chidziwitso ndi luso lofunikira kuti afufuze bwino.
1. Zida ndi njira zopezera ndalama zobisika
Kukhalapo zida ndi njira zomwe zingakuthandizeni kudziwa ndalama zobisika moyenera komanso molondola. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apadera pozindikira zinthu zobisika. Mapulogalamuwa amagwiritsa ntchito njira zotsogola zomwe zimasanthula machitidwe azachuma ndi machitidwe kuti adziwe malo omwe angabisike ndalama. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizothekanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowunikira zazamalamulo zomwe zimakulolani kuti muzitsatira zochitika zokayikitsa ndikusunga ndalama.
Njira ina yothandiza kwambiri ndiyo kuchita a kufufuza kwathunthu kwachuma. Izi zikuphatikiza kuunikanso mwatsatanetsatane zolemba zonse zamaakaunti, zochitika zamabanki ndi zolemba zachuma. ya kampani kapena munthu akuyang'ana chizindikiro chilichonse chandalama zobisika.Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi akatswiri okhazikika pa kafukufuku wamtunduwu, chifukwa zomwe amakumana nazo ndi chidziwitso chidzalola kuzindikira bwino vuto lililonse lazachuma.
Kuphatikiza pa zida ndi njira zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, ndikofunikanso kuti musawononge kuthekera kwa Gwirani ntchito ndi mabungwe ofufuza komanso akatswiri azamalamulo. Akatswiri awa ali ndi mwayi wopeza zothandizira ndi malo osungiramo deta apadera omwe angathandize kwambiri akapeza ndalama zobisika. Zomwe adakumana nazo komanso chidziwitso pakufufuza zachuma zimawalola kutsata zitsogozo ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba zotsata zinthu zobisika. Kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi akatswiri kumatha kukulitsa kwambiri mwayi kupambana pakufufuza kwa ndalama zobisika.
2. Kuwunika kusuntha kwachuma: njira yatsatanetsatane mu fufuzani zokuthandizani
Kusuntha kwachuma kumayimira gawo lofunikira pakuwunika ntchito zachuma za bungwe kapena munthu. Poyang'anitsitsa kayendedwe kameneka, ndizotheka kupeza zizindikiro ndikupeza komwe ndalamazo zingabisike. Njira yatsatanetsatane Ndikofunikira kuwulula chilichonse chokayikitsa kapena chosakhazikika.
Kuti mufufuze mozama za kayendetsedwe kazachuma, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi zida ndi njira zoyenera. Kuwunikiranso bwino zamaakaunti ndi ma statement azachuma Kutha kukhala poyambira kothandiza pozindikira zochitika zachilendo kapena kusagwirizana pakati pa zolemba zowerengera ndi ntchito zenizeni. Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apadera atha kufulumizitsa ntchito yozindikira ndikuwunika mayendedwe azachuma okayikitsa.
Pamene mayendedwe okayikitsa azachuma azindikirika, m'pofunika kufufuzidwa mopitilira muyeso. The traceability wa transactions Ndikofunikira kudziwa njira yeniyeni ya ndalamazo ndikutsata zomwe zikuyenera kupita. Kuonjezera apo, kufufuza machitidwe obwerezabwereza kapena machitidwe angasonyeze kukhalapo kwa ziwembu zachinyengo kapena machitidwe osaloledwa. M'mbali iyi, mgwirizano pakati pa akatswiri azachuma, ofufuza ndi maloya zingathandize kwambiri kumasulira zomwe zapezedwa ndi kuchitapo kanthu koyenera.
3. Momwe mungayang'anire zochitika zokayikitsa ndi maakaunti aku banki akunyanja
Pali njira zingapo zochitira izi kutsatira zokayikitsa ndi otchedwa akaunti yakubanki yakunyanja zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kubisa ndalama. Njirazi ndizofunika kwambiri kuti tizindikire zinthu zomwe zingachitike popanda chilolezo, monga kubera ndalama kapena kuzemba msonkho. M'munsimu muli ena njira zothandiza kuzindikira ndi kutsatira zochitika izi ndi maakaunti.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyamba kuchita ndikuchita a kusanthula kwathunthu kwa zochitika zamabanki zokayikitsa. Mabanki ndi mabungwe ena azachuma akuyenera kufotokozera zachilendo kapena zokayikitsa kwa aboma omwe akugwirizana nawo. Choncho, kuyang'ana mosamala zolemba zachuma ndi kupeza machitidwe kapena machitidwe osadziwika kungakhale kofunikira pakuwunika.
Njira ina yothandiza ndi gwiritsani ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba wosanthula deta. Pali zida ndi mapulogalamu apadera omwe angathandize kuzindikira zochitika zokayikitsa ndi maakaunti akunyanja. Ukadaulo uwu ukhoza kulondola ndi kusanthula kuchuluka kwa data zandalama, kuzindikira kulumikizana ndi zolakwika zomwe zingasonyeze kukhalako kwazinthu zosaloledwa.
4. Kufunika kwa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse pakufufuza zinthu zobisika
Kufufuza kwa zinthu zobisika n'kofunika kwambiri polimbana ndi kuwononga ndalama komanso kupereka ndalama zauchigawenga. Komabe, kafukufuku wamtunduwu ukhoza kukhala wovuta kwambiri komanso wovuta chifukwa zigawenga zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kubisa katundu wawo. M'lingaliro limeneli, mgwirizano wapadziko lonse umakhala udindo waukulu, chifukwa umalola kugawana uthenga ndi zothandizira pakati pa mayiko osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimathandiza kutiapezekekatundu wobisika.
Ubwino umodzi waukulu wa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse ndi mwayi wopeza zambiri zambiri ndi chidziwitso. Zigawenga zomwe zimabisa katundu wawo nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito m'madera osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kufufuza kukhale kovuta pamtundu wa dziko Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito mgwirizano wapadziko lonse, ofufuza amatha kupeza zolemba ndi zothandizira kuchokera ku mayiko ena, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti aziwona bwino momwe ndalama zimagwirira ntchito.
Ubwino winanso waukulu wa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse ndi mwayi wogawana machitidwe abwino ndi njira zofufuzira. Dziko lirilonse liri ndi njira yakeyake komanso luso lothana ndi kuba ndalama, kotero kugawana nzeru pakati pa mayiko osiyanasiyana kungakhale kofunikira Pogawana nawo machitidwe abwino, ochita kafukufuku atha kuphunzira kuchokera ku njira zopambana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko ena ndikuzisintha kuti zigwirizane ndi zanu. Kuphatikiza apo, mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi umalola kusinthanitsa zida ndi matekinoloje apadera, zomwe zitha kukulitsa luso la kafukufuku ndikufulumizitsa kupeza zinthu zobisika.
5. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zazamalamulo kubisa katundu yemwe sananenedwe
Dziko lazachuma ndi kafukufuku wazamalamulo likulumikizana kwambiri, makamaka zikafika pezani zinthu zomwe sizinatchulidwe. Mchitidwewu, womwe ungatengedwe ngati kuzemba misonkho, wapangitsa akatswiri kuchita njira zapamwamba zamalamulo kuzindikira ndi kufufuza ndalama zobisika.
Chimodzi mwa zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu izi ndi data forensics, yomwe imakhala ndi kufufuza mosamala zambiri zandalama ndi zochitika kuti tipeze machitidwe kapena ziwonetsero za zochitika zosaloledwa. Komanso, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ma algorithms ndi mapulogalamu apadera kuchita kusanthula kokwanira kwa milingo yayikulu ya data, kuthandizira kuzindikira zinthu zobisika ndi mayendedwe ake.
Njira ina yothandiza kwambiri kubisa katundu wosaneneka ndi kusanthula maukonde. Pamenepa, malumikizidwe pakati pa anthu, makampani ndi maakaunti aku banki akufufuzidwa, kufufuza momwe ndalama zimayendera komanso zokayikitsa zokayikitsa. Kwa izi, zida zimagwiritsidwa ntchito migodi deta ndipo amalimbikitsidwa malo osungiramo zinthu zakale za anthu onse ndi zachinsinsi, komanso zotsegula pa intaneti.
6. Udindo wa amuna apatsogolo pobisa katundu ndi momwe angawazindikirire
Udindo wa amuna akutsogolo pobisa katundu ndi nkhani yofunika kwambiri pankhani yozindikira komwe ndalama zimabisika. Anthuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu kapena mabungwe kubisa umwini weniweni wa katundu kapena chuma china. pa Dziwani anthu apatsogolo Zitha kukhala zovuta, chifukwa cholinga chake chachikulu ndikungopita mosazindikira ndikusunga ubale ndi eni ake enieni azinthu zobisika.
Kutha zindikirani amuna apatsogolo, m'pofunika kuganizira zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri, choyamba, mbiri ya zachuma ndi yamalonda ya anthu kapena mabungwe okhudzidwa ayenera kufufuzidwa. Nthawi zambiri, amuna akutsogolo amakhala ndi bizinesi yaying'ono kapena alibe chidziwitso chazachuma, chomwe chingakhale mbendera yofiira. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kufufuza kukhalapo kwa ubale wapamtima pakati pa amuna akutsogolo ndi anthu omwe atha kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zawo.Kugwirizana kwapabanja kapena kwaumwini nthawi zambiri kumakhala chizindikiro chodziwika bwino muzochitika izi.
Njira ina yothandiza ku zindikirani amuna apatsogolo ndi kusanthula machitidwe ndi machitidwe okayikitsa azachuma Anthu omwe amabisa chuma chawo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zovuta za eni ake ndikupanga mayendedwe achuma osakhazikika. Kuonjezera apo, ndizofala kuti amuna akutsogolo azigwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zinthu zabodza kapena zachinyengo. Pofufuza ntchito zachilendozi, munthu angapeze zizindikiro zoonekeratu za kukhalapo kwa amuna apatsogolo. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuwonetsa kuti kuzindikirika kwa amuna akutsogolo ndi gawo loyamba lofufuza ndalama zobisika, popeza njira zina ziyeneranso kutsatiridwa kuti mubweze ndalama zomwe zabwerezedwa.
7. Kubweza Katundu: Njira Zothandiza Kupeza Phindu Losaloledwa
Chimodzi mwazodetsa nkhawa akuluakulu aboma ndikubweza chuma kuchokera ku phindu losaloledwa. Komabe, izi zitha kukhala zovuta komanso zovuta chifukwa chachinsinsi cha zinthu izi. Mu positi iyi, tifufuza zina njira zothandiza kupeza phindu losaloledwa.
Imodzi mwa njira zodziwika bwino zobisira ndalama mosavomerezeka ndi kudzera m'malo amisonkho ndi mabungwe ovuta. Kuti muzindikire magwerowa ndikutsata ndalamazo, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi chithandizo cha akatswiri nzeru zachuma ndi kusanthula forensic. Akatswiriwa amagwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba, monga kuwunika momwe ndalama zimagwirira ntchito, kuti azindikire njira zokayikitsa ndikufufuza momwe ndalamazo zidachokera.
Njira ina yothandiza yobwezeretsanso katundu wosaloledwa ndi kugwirizana ndi maulamuliro ena kudzera m’mapangano othandizana pankhani zaupandu. Mapanganowa amalola kusinthana kwa chidziwitso ndi umboni pakati pa mayiko, motero kumathandizira malo azinthu zobisika kunja. Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba zaukadaulo monga kusanthula kwa data yayikulu ndi nzeru zochita kupanga zimathandiza kufulumizitsa njira yozindikiritsa ndi kubwezeretsanso zinthu zobisika.
8. Chitetezo ndi kasamalidwe ka chinsinsi chandalama: cholepheretsa kuvumbulutsa ndalama zobisika
Pali njira zingapo zotetezera ndikuwongolera zinsinsi zathu zachuma, zomwe zitha kukhala chopinga chovuta kuchichotsa kuti tiwulule ndalama zobisika. M'dziko limene anthu ambiri ali ndi zibwenzi, n'kofunika kuchitapo kanthu kuti titeteze zinthu zathu zaumwini ndi kupewa kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachinyengo.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyambirira zomwe tiyenera kuchita ndi sungani mawu achinsinsi athu otetezeka ndikusintha pafupipafupi. Ndikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mawu achinsinsi ovuta komanso osiyanasiyana pa akaunti iliyonse kapena ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunika kuti musamagawane ndi wina aliyense ndikupewa kuzilemba m'malo opanda chitetezo. Gwiritsani ntchito kutsimikizira zinthu ziwiri Itha kuwonjezera gawo lina lachitetezo.
Njira ina yotetezera zinsinsi zathu zachuma ndi Khalani tcheru ndi zizindikiro zomwe zingakhale zachinyengo. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukhala tcheru ndi mafoni kapena maimelo opempha zambiri zanu kapena zachuma, monga manambala a kirediti kadi kapena makhodi olowera ku akaunti yakubanki. Osapereka zidziwitsozi pokhapokha ngati tatsimikiza kuti pempholo ndi lolondola. Komanso, ndikofunikira kuunikanso pafupipafupi zidziwitso za akaunti yathu ndi zochitika zamabanki kuti muzindikire zochitika zilizonse zokayikitsa.
9. Kutsata zogula ndi zinthu zapamwamba monga zisonyezo za chuma chobisika
Kutsata zogula ndi zinthu zapamwamba kungakhale njira yabwino yowonera zizindikiro za chuma chobisika. Nthawi zambiri, anthu amene amayesa kubisa chuma chawo amapeza zinthu zapamwamba kapena kugula zinthu zachilendo zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe amapeza. Zogula izi zimatha kuchokera pamagalimoto apamwamba kupita kuzinthu zopambanitsa ngakhalenso ntchito zaluso zamtengo wapatali.
Njira yabwino yochitira izi ndi kafukufuku wa zachuma. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuwunika mosamalitsa mbiri ya zochitika za munthu kapena bungwe ndi ndalama zomwe zimakayikitsa kapena kusagwirizana. Kusagwirizanaku kungaphatikizepo kuwononga ndalama monyanyira pa zinthu zamtengo wapatali, kugula zinthu zodula pafupipafupi, kapena kusasinthasintha pakati pa ndalama zomwe zanenedwazo ndi ndalama zenizeni.
Njira ina yofunikira pakutsata zogula ndi zinthu zapamwamba ndikuwunika momwe anthu amaonera komanso zochitika zapaintaneti. Nthawi zambiri, omwe amayesa kubisa chuma chawo amatha kuwonetsa zidziwitso zake pamasamba awo ochezera, kugawana zithunzi za zinthu zomwe adagula monyada kapena kudzitamandira chifukwa chatchuthi chawocho. Kuyang'anira zochitikazi kungapereke chidziwitso pazochitika zachuma chobisika.
10. Dziwani zambiri: njira zamakono zotsatirira ndalama
Tsatirani njira zamakono zotsatirira ndalama kukhalabe odziwitsidwa ndikuwonjezera mwayi wanu wopeza ndalama zobisika. M'dziko lamasiku ano lazachuma, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tidziwitse njira zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potsata ndikutsata zandalama. Pochita zimenezi, simudzatha kuzindikira zochitika zomwe zingatheke za ndalama zobisika, komanso kupeza mpikisano wokhudzana ndi kafukufuku wa zachuma.
Khalani patsogolo masewerawa potsatira matekinoloje omwe akubwera ndi njira zatsopano zogwiritsiridwa ntchitopazandalama kutsata. Pamene zigawenga zikupitirizabe kusintha njira zawo, akatswiri omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kafukufuku wa zachuma amafunikanso kusintha nthawi zonse. Izi zikutanthauza pafupipafupi kukonza chidziwitso chanu ndi kupeza maluso atsopano kuti kuti muthe kuyang'ana bwino ndikusintha kosalekeza kotsata zachuma.
Phunzirani mosalekeza ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo kukulitsa luso lanu lozindikira zinthu zobisika. Pitani misonkhano yamakampani ndi masemina odzipereka kugawana zakupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa mu njira zotsatirira zachuma. Gwiritsani ntchito mwayi maphunziro a pa intaneti ndi mapulogalamu a maphunziro zomwe zimayang'ana pa njira zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ofufuza opambana. Pokhala ndi nthawi komanso khama kuti mukulitse luso lanu, mudzakhala okonzeka kudziwa mbiri yakale yazachuma, zomwe zimatsogolera kukupeza ndalama zomwe sizinatchulidwe.
Ndine Sebastián Vidal, mainjiniya apakompyuta omwe amakonda ukadaulo komanso DIY. Komanso, ine ndine mlengi wa tecnobits.com, komwe ndimagawana nawo maphunziro kuti ukadaulo ukhale wofikirika komanso womveka kwa aliyense.