Kodi Chaka Chodumphadumpha Chimapangidwa Bwanji?

Cómo se forma el año bisiesto

Nthawi ndi lingaliro lofunikira m'miyoyo yathu, ndipo chaka ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe timayezera ndimeyi pa kalendala. Komabe, pali zachilendo zomwe zimachitika zaka zinayi zilizonse, zomwe zimadziwika kuti leap year. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona momwe chaka chodumpha chimapangidwira ndikumvetsetsa tanthauzo la izi mu kalendala ya Gregorian. Lowani nafe paulendo wosangalatsawu kudutsa nthawi ndipo tiwona limodzi momwe tsiku lowonjezera, February 29, limakwanira m'miyoyo yathu zaka zinayi zilizonse.

1. Chiyambi cha chaka chodumphadumpha ndi mapangidwe ake

Chaka chodumphadumpha ndi chimodzi chomwe chimakhala ndi tsiku lowonjezera, ndikuwonjezera masiku 366 m'malo mwa masiku 365 mwachizolowezi chaka cha dzuwa. Mapangidwe a chaka chodumphadumpha amamvera mndandanda wa malamulo olondola.

Kuti mudziwe ngati chaka ndi chaka chodumphadumpha, izi ziyenera kutsatiridwa:
- Chaka chiyenera kugawidwa ndi 4.
- Ngati chaka chigawika ndi 100, chiyeneranso kugawidwa ndi 400.

Potsatira izi, tikhoza kudziwa ngati chaka china ndi chaka chodumphadumpha kapena ayi. Mwachitsanzo, chaka cha 2020 chimakwaniritsa zonse ziwiri, ndichifukwa chake chimatengedwa ngati chaka chodumphadumpha. Kumbali inayi, chaka cha 2100 chimagawidwa ndi 100 koma osati ndi 400, chifukwa chake, sichaka chodumphadumpha.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kuphatikizidwa kwa tsiku lowonjezera mu kalendala kuli ndi zotsatira m'madera osiyanasiyana, monga ntchito ya makompyuta kapena kuwerengera tsiku. Zili choncho zomwe ndizofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino malamulo omwe amatsogolera kupangidwa kwa zaka zodumphadumpha, kupewa zolakwika kapena zovuta zomwe zingachitike pazochitika zathu za tsiku ndi tsiku.

2. Kachitidwe ka kalendala ndi ubale wake ndi zaka zambiri

Kalendala imene tikugwiritsa ntchito panopa imachokera ku chaka cha dzuŵa, kutanthauza kuti, nthawi imene dziko lapansi limatenga kuti lisinthe n’kuzungulira dzuwa. Komabe, chaka cha dzuwa chimakhala pafupifupi masiku 365 ndi maola 6, choncho m'pofunika kukhala ndi dongosolo lomwe limatengera kusiyana kumeneku kuti kalendala ikhale yogwirizana ndi nyengo. Apa ndipamene zaka zodumphadumpha zimayamba kugwira ntchito.

Chaka chodumphadumpha ndi chomwe chimakhala ndi masiku 366 m'malo mwa 365, ndipo chimachitika zaka zinayi zilizonse kuti zisinthe kusiyana pakati pa chaka chadzuwa ndi kalendala yathu. Koma lamulo ili lili ndi zosiyana: zaka zomwe zimachulukitsa 100 si zaka zodumphadumpha, pokhapokha ngati zilinso zochulukitsa 400. Izi zimachitidwa pofuna kupewa kudzikundikira kwambiri masiku owonjezera pa kalendala.

Kuti muwerenge ngati chaka ndi chaka chodumphadumpha kapena ayi, mutha kutsatira masitepe angapo. Choyamba, zimatsimikiziridwa ngati chaka chigawika ndi 4. Ngati ndi choncho, ikupitiriza kutsimikizira ngati ikugawanika ndi 100. Ngati itero, imatsimikiziridwa ngati ikugawanikanso ndi 400. Ngati ikukwaniritsa zikhalidwe zonsezi, chaka imatengedwa ngati chaka chodumphadumpha. Apo ayi, sizili choncho.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kupeŵa zolakwika pamene mukuwerengera kapena kukonzekera zochitika za nthawi yaitali. Kudziwa malamulo amenewa ndi kudziŵa kuwagwiritsira ntchito moyenera kudzatithandiza kusunga kalendala yolongosoka mogwirizana ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa chaka cha dzuŵa. Musaiwale kuti nthawi zonse mumayang'ana zaka zodumphadumpha pokonzekera zochitika zofunika ndikuwerengera nthawi!

3. Ntchito ya zaka zambiri pakuwongolera nthawi

4. Lamulo lofunikira kudziwa ngati chaka ndi chaka chodumphadumpha kapena ayi

Kuzindikira ngati chaka ndi chaka chodumphadumpha kapena ayi kumachokera pa lamulo lofunikira lomwe lingathe kuwerengedwa m'njira yosavuta. Kuti mudziwe ngati chaka ndi chaka chodumphadumpha, izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:

1. Chaka chiyenera kugawidwa ndi 4.
2. Ngati chaka chigawika ndi 100, chiyeneranso kugawidwa ndi 400 kuti chiwoneke ngati chaka chodumphadumpha.

Ngati chaka chikukwaniritsa izi, ndiye kuti chimatengedwa ngati chaka chodumphadumpha; Apo ayi, chidzakhala chaka chosadumphadumpha. Lamuloli limagwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi ndipo limavomerezedwa kwambiri pankhani ya zakuthambo ndi sayansi.

Nachi chitsanzo chokuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwino momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito lamuloli. Tiyeni titenge chaka cha 2000 monga chitsanzo.
- Choyamba, timayang'ana ngati ikugawanika ndi 4. 2000 yogawidwa ndi 4 ndi yofanana ndi 500, choncho, ikukumana ndi muyeso woyamba.
- Kenako, timayang'ana ngati ikugawanika ndi 100. 2000 yogawidwa ndi 100 ndi yofanana ndi 20, ikukumananso ndi muyeso wachiwiri.
- Pomaliza, timayang'ana ngati ikugawanika ndi 400. 2000 yogawidwa ndi 400 ndi yofanana ndi 5, imakumananso ndi ndondomekoyi.

Chifukwa chake, chaka cha 2000 ndi chaka chodumphadumpha ndipo chimakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti chaka chimodzi chokha pazaka zinayi ndi chaka chodumphadumpha, chomwe chimakhala chofunikira powerengera komanso kupanga mapulogalamu okhudzana ndi masiku.

5. Chaka chodumphadumpha ndi ubale wake ndi kuzungulira kwa dziko lapansi mozungulira dzuwa

Chaka chodumphadumpha ndi chomwe chimakhala ndi tsiku lina, lotchedwa February 29. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa zaka zodumphadumpha chikugwirizana ndi kuzungulira kwa dziko lapansi mozungulira dzuwa. Kuti timvetse izi, m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti kutalika kwa chaka cha dzuwa ndi pafupifupi masiku 365.25.

Kusagwirizana kumeneku pakati pa kalendala ya Gregorian (yomwe ili ndi zaka za masiku 365) ndi nthawi yomwe dziko lapansi limatenga kuti lisinthe mozungulira dzuwa kudayambitsa vuto pakulumikizana. Ngati palibe njira zosinthira kusiyana kumeneku, pakapita zaka mazana ambiri, miyezi ndi nyengo zikanatha.

Kwa kuthetsa vutoli, lingaliro la zaka zodumphadumpha linakhazikitsidwa. Zaka zinayi zilizonse, tsiku lowonjezera limawonjezeredwa pa kalendala, February 29, kuti apange gawo la tsiku lowonjezera lomwe silinatchulidwe chaka chilichonse. Mwanjira imeneyi, kutalika kwa chaka kumayenderana ndi nthawi imene dziko lapansi limalize kuzungulira dzuŵa.

Mwachidule, kukhalapo kwa zaka zodumphadumpha ndikofunikira kuti musunge kulumikizana pakati pa kalendala ya Gregorian ndi kuzungulira kwa dziko lapansi mozungulira dzuwa. Kuonjezera tsiku lowonjezera zaka zinayi zilizonse kumasintha kusiyana pakati pa kutalika kwa chaka ndi chaka pompopompo Kodi dziko lapansi limatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti lizungulire dzuwa? Izi zimatsimikizira kuti miyezi ndi nyengo zimakhala zogwirizana pakapita nthawi..

6. Malipiro oyenera kusunga kalendala yolondola

Pakadali pano, kusunga kalendala yolondola n'kofunika kuti machitidwe ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zigwire ntchito mdziko lapansi digito. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa nyengo ndi zinthu zina zakunja, kubweza nthawi ndi nthawi ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndondomekoyi imakhala yolimba komanso yolondola.

Pali njira zingapo zothetsera kubwezera kofunikiraku. Chimodzi mwa izo ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms owongolera omwe amawerengera okha ndikusintha zopatuka pakapita nthawi. Ma algorithms awa akhoza kukhazikitsidwa mkati machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito, mapulogalamu kapena ntchito zapaintaneti, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatengera kufananiza nthawi yomwe ilipo ndi nthawi yodalirika, monga ma seva a nthawi ya intaneti.

Njira ina ndikugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zolumikizira nthawi yapaintaneti, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wosunga kalendala yolondola mwakusintha nthawi ndi nthawi. nthawi yeniyeni. Ntchitozi nthawi zambiri zimalumikizidwa ndi maseva anthawi yolozera, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi mawotchi a atomiki kapena GPS. Mwa kulumikizana ndi mautumikiwa, zida ndi makina amatha kusintha nthawi yawo kuti apereke ndalama zopatuka zilizonse. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndiyothandiza makamaka m'malo omwe kulondola kwenikweni kumafunika, monga m'munda wa chitetezo makompyuta kapena makampani azachuma.

Mwachidule, kusunga kalendala yolondola kudzafunika kulipidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti musinthe pakapatuka kulikonse. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma aligorivimu owongolera kapena ntchito zolumikizirana pa intaneti. Mosasamala kanthu za yankho lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti muli ndi gwero lodalirika la nthawi kuti muwonetsetse kulondola ndi kudalirika kwa machitidwe omwe amadalira kalendala. [HIGHLIGHT] itha kupezedwa kudzera mu ma aligorivimu owongolera kapena ntchito zolumikizira nthawi yapaintaneti, zonse kutengera nthawi yodalirika. [/KUKHALA]

7. Kodi zaka zodumphadumpha zimayamba liti ndipo zimakhala ndi tanthauzo lotani?

Zaka zodumphadumpha zimapangidwa zaka zinayi zilizonse, makamaka zomwe zimagawika ndi 4. Lamuloli limagwira ntchito zaka zambiri, koma pali zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, zaka zimenezo zomwe zimachulukitsa 100 sizikhala zaka zodumphadumpha, pokhapokha ngati zilinso zochulukitsa 400. Zikatero, zimaonedwa kuti ndi zaka zodumphadumpha.

Kukhalapo kwa zaka zodumphadumpha kumakhala ndi zofunikira pa kalendala. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikusintha nthawi yoyesedwa mu kalendala yathu yoyendera dzuwa potengera nyengo zapachaka. Popanda kukhalapo kwa zaka zodumphadumpha, kutalika kwa zaka za kalendala sikungafanane ndi nthawi yomwe dziko lapansi limatenga kuti lisinthe mozungulira Dzuwa.

Zosinthazi zimalola kuti nyengo ya masika, mwachitsanzo, ichitike pafupifupi tsiku lomwelo chaka chilichonse. Kuonjezera apo, zaka zodumphadumpha zimatsimikizira kuti chiyambi cha nyengo iliyonse chimakhala pa tsiku lomwelo pa kalendala. Popanda zosintha izi, synchrony iyi imatha kutayika pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi, zomwe zimakhudza kulondola kwa kalendala komanso kuthekera kwathu kukonza zochitika malinga ndi nyengo za chaka.

8. Zosintha zina zowerengera zakuyenda kwa Dziko lapansi

Ndiwofunikira kuti mukwaniritse kulondola koyenera pakuwerengera ndi miyeso yosiyanasiyana. M'munsimu muli mfundo zitatu zofunika kuzikumbukira:

1. Kuwongolera kuzungulira kwa dziko: Dziko lapansi silimazungulira mofanana chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kagawidwe ka anthu ambiri mkati mwake. Kutengera chodabwitsa ichi, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera pazomwe mwapeza. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamu yomwe imalola kuti masinthidwe awa awerengedwe ndikuwongolera koyenera kugwiritsiridwa ntchito.

2. Precession ndi nutation: Precession ndikuyenda pang'onopang'ono, mozungulira mozungulira dziko lapansi chifukwa cha zokopa zamphamvu yokoka. wa Mwezi ndi Dzuwa Kumbali yake, nutation ndi pang'ono oscillation superimposed pa precession. Zochitika zonse ziwirizi ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti zikhale zolondola pakugwiritsira ntchito zakuthambo ndi geodetic.

3. Mphamvu ya mafunde: Mafunde amakhalanso ndi zosokoneza pakuyenda kwa Dziko lapansi. Mphamvu yokoka ya Mwezi ndi Dzuwa imayambitsa kusintha pang'ono koma kofunika muutali wa tsiku. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa makamaka pamiyeso yomwe imakhudza nthawi ndi liwiro, chifukwa zimatha kuyambitsa zolakwika zazikulu ngati sizikuganiziridwa.

Kuti muganizire zokonda zowonjezerazi, pali zida zosiyanasiyana ndi mapulogalamu apadera omwe amathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo. Ndikofunikira kuganizira za magwero ndi maumboni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera izi, komanso kutsatira njira yokhwima yomwe imatsimikizira kulondola kwa zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa. Kuganizira zinthu izi ndikofunikira kuti muyese molondola kwambiri ndikuwerengera m'magawo a zakuthambo ndi geodesy.

9. Kufunika kwa zaka zodumphadumpha m'madera osiyanasiyana komanso m'madera osiyanasiyana

Zaka zodumphadumpha, zomwe zili ndi tsiku lowonjezera (February 29), zili ndi zofunikira kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana ndi magulu. Ngakhale zingawoneke ngati tsatanetsatane wocheperako, kuyika tsiku lowonjezera mu kalendala zaka zinayi zilizonse ndikofunikira kuti nthawi igwirizane bwino kwambiri, kupewa kuchedwa kwanyengo ndi zolakwika pakuwerengera zochitika zakuthambo.

Pankhani ya sayansi, zaka zambiri ndizofunikira kwambiri pofufuza zochitika zachilengedwe komanso kusonkhanitsa deta. Mwachitsanzo, masamu otengera miyeso ya kadumphadumpha kangapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu meteorology kulosera zanyengo yayitali. Komanso, sayansi ya zakuthambo imadalira kuyeza kolondola kwa nthawi kwa malo enieni a zinthu zakuthambo ndi kuŵerengera ma ephemeris a zakuthambo, monga kadamsana ndi mmene mapulaneti amayendera.

Momwemonso, muzachuma ndi zachuma, zaka zodumphadumpha zimathandizanso kupanga njira, makamaka pazamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi. Makampani akuyenera kuganizira za kutalika kwa zaka zokonzekera kupanga ndi kugawa katundu, komanso kukhazikitsa mapangano ndi mapangano omwe amakwaniritsa nthawi yokhazikika. Momwemonso, ma accounting ndi azachuma amayenera kuganizira zaka zodumphadumpha kuti awerengere chiwongola dzanja, kutsika kwamitengo ndi zina zomwe zimakhudza kasamalidwe ka bizinesi.

10. Kuwerengera ndi ma aligorivimu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa zaka zodumphadumpha

1. Regla básica: Chaka ndi chaka chodumphadumpha ngati chigawika ndi 4, ndiye kuti, ngati chotsalira chogawa chaka ndi 4 chiri chofanana ndi ziro. Mwachitsanzo, chaka cha 2020 chigawika ndi 4 motero ndi chaka chodumphadumpha.
2. Kupatulapo zaka 100 zilizonse: Ngakhale chaka chigawidwe ndi 4, sichidzakhala chaka chodumpha ngati chigawikanso ndi 100, pokhapokha ngati chigawidwe ndi 400. Kuti mumvetse bwino, ngati chaka chigawika ndi 100 koma osati ndi 400 osakhala chaka chodumphadumpha. Mwachitsanzo, chaka cha 1900 chinagawidwa ndi 100 koma osati 400, choncho sichinali chaka chodumphadumpha.
3. Chitsanzo cha algorithm: Kuti tidziwe ngati chaka ndi chaka chodumphadumpha pogwiritsa ntchito algorithm, timayang'ana kaye ngati chingagawike ndi 4. Ngati ndi choncho, timayang'ana ngati chigawika ndi 100. Ngati chigawika ndi 100, timapita kukawona. ngati igawikanso ndi 400. Ngati igawika ndi 400, chaka ndi chaka chodumphadumpha. Ngati sichigawika ndi 400 koma imagawidwa ndi 100, ndiye kuti sichaka chodumphadumpha. Pomaliza, ngati sichigawika ndi 100, ndi chaka chodumphadumpha. Potsatira algorithm iyi titha kudziwa mosavuta ngati chaka ndi chaka chodumphadumpha kapena ayi.

11. Chisinthiko cha mbiriyakale ya kutsimikiza kwa zaka zodumphadumpha

Kutsimikiza kwa zaka zodumphadumpha kwasintha pakapita nthawi. m'mbiri yonse ndi cholinga chosintha kalendala kuti ikhale yozungulira zakuthambo. Kale Aroma ankagwiritsa ntchito njira yoti tsiku lowonjezera linali kuwonjezeredwa pa kalendala zaka zinayi zilizonse. Komabe, njirayi sinali yolondola kwathunthu ndipo zolakwika zidasonkhanitsidwa pakapita nthawi. M’zaka za m’ma 1500, Papa Gregory XIII anayambitsa kalendala ya Gregory, yomwe ndi kalendala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakadali pano.

Kalendala ya Gregory imatsimikizira kuti chaka ndi chaka chodumpha ngati chigawika ndi 4, koma osati ngati chigawika ndi 100, pokhapokha ngati chigawidwenso ndi 400. Mwa njira iyi, zolakwika zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa mu njira yachiroma zimapewedwa. Mwachitsanzo, chaka cha 2000 chinali chaka chodumphadumpha chifukwa chimagawika ndi 4 ndi 400, koma chaka cha 1900 sichinali chifukwa, ngakhale kuti chimagawika ndi 4, chimagawikanso ndi 100 koma osati ndi 400.

Kutsimikiza kwa zaka zodumphadumpha kungawerengedwe mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito masamu. Ngati chaka chigawika ndi 4 ndipo sichigawidwa ndi 100, kapena ngati chigawika ndi 400, ndiye kuti ndi chaka chodumphadumpha. Fomu iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapulogalamu kupanga ma aligorivimu omwe amawerengera okha. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zida zapaintaneti zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wodziwa ngati chaka choperekedwa ndi chaka chodumphadumpha kapena ayi, kungolowetsa nambala.

12. Kalendala ya Gregory ndi ntchito yake pakupanga zaka zodumphadumpha

Kalendala ya Gregory ndi kalendala yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano m'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi. Inayambitsidwa ndi Papa Gregory XIII mu 1582 monga kusintha kwa kalendala ya Julian. Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za kalendala ya Gregorian ndi gawo lake pakupanga zaka zodumpha.

Mu kalendala ya Gregorian, chaka chodumphadumpha chimakhala ndi masiku 366 m'malo mwa masiku 365 wamba. Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati chaka ndi chaka chodumphadumpha kapena ayi? Lamulo lalikulu ndi lakuti zaka zomwe zimagawika ndi 4 ndi zaka zodumphadumpha, kupatulapo zomwe zimagawikanso ndi 100 koma osati 400. Mwachitsanzo, chaka cha 2000 ndi chaka chodumphadumpha chifukwa chimagawika ndi 4 ndi 400, koma chaka cha 1900 Ayi. Ndi chaka chodumphadumpha chifukwa ngakhale chimagawika ndi 4 ndi 100, sichimagawidwa ndi 400.

Kuphatikizika kwa zaka zodumphadumpha mu kalendala ya Gregorian ndikofunikira kuti musinthe kutalika kwa chaka choyendera dzuwa potengera chaka cha kalendala. Komabe, lamulo ili lili ndi zosiyana zake. Mwachitsanzo, zaka zomwe zimachulukitsa 4000 si zaka zodumphadumpha, ngakhale kuti zimagawidwa ndi 4, 100 ndi 400. Izi zimachitidwa pofuna kupewa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa utali weniweni wa chaka cha dzuwa ndi chaka cha kalendala.

Mwachidule, ndizofunikira kuti mukhale ndi nthawi yokhazikika komanso yolondola. Kuwerengera kwa zaka zodumphadumpha kumatsata lamulo lokhazikika potengera kugawikana ndi 4, 100 ndi 400, koma kupatula ngati zaka zochulukitsa za 4000 ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa chida chodalirika cha zochita zathu za tsiku ndi tsiku.

13. Zinthu zakuthambo zomwe zimakhudza zaka za leap

Zaka zodumphadumpha ndi zomwe zimakhala ndi tsiku lowonjezera, lotchedwa February 29, ndipo limachitika zaka zinayi zilizonse. Komabe, lamuloli silimatsatiridwa mosamalitsa. Pali zinthu zakuthambo zomwe zimakhudza kutsimikiza kwa zaka zodumphadumpha ndipo ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe zimagwirira ntchito.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zakuthambo ndi nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti dziko lapansi lisinthe mozungulira Dzuwa, lomwe limatchedwa tropic year. Nthawiyi imakhala pafupifupi masiku 365, maola 5, mphindi 48 ndi masekondi 45. Kubwezera gawo la masiku owonjezerawa, tsiku lowonjezera limawonjezeredwa zaka zinayi zilizonse.

Komabe, kusinthaku sikuli kolondola ndipo kungayambitse zolakwika pakutsimikiza kwa zaka zodumphadumpha. Pofuna kukonza zimenezi, pakugwiritsidwa ntchito lamulo lina lakuti: zaka zimene zingagawike ndi 100 si zaka zodumphadumpha, pokhapokha ngati zigawikanso ndi 400. Mwa njira imeneyi, zaka zina zimene nthaŵi zambiri zimaonedwa kuti ndi zaka zodumphadumpha zimachotsedwa ndipo kalendala imasinthidwa kuti igwirizane ndi zakuthambo. kuzungulira ndi kulondola Kwambiri.

Kusankha zaka zodumphadumpha Ndi njira zovuta zokhudzana ndi zakuthambo ndi malamulo a masamu. Ndikofunikira kuganizira kutalika kwa chaka chotentha komanso malamulo owonjezera kuti mupewe zolakwika mu kalendala. Kumvetsetsa momwe zinthu izi zimakhudzira kutsimikiza kwa zaka zambiri kumatithandiza kukhala ndi kalendala yolondola molingana ndi kuzungulira kwa zakuthambo. [TSIRIZA

14. Mapeto ndi kulingalira pa mapangidwe a zaka zodumphadumpha

Mwachidule, kupangidwa kwa zaka zodumphadumpha kwakhala nkhani yosangalatsa komanso yotsutsana kwa zaka zambiri. Kupyolera mu phunziroli, tatha kuona mbali zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi maonekedwe a zaka zowonjezera izi mu kalendala yathu.

Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti zaka zodumphadumpha zimachitika zaka zinayi zilizonse, ndikuwonjezera tsiku lowonjezera m'mwezi wa February. Izi zimachitika kuti zigwirizane ndi kalendala ya dzuwa ndi kalendala ya anthu, popeza chaka cha dzuwa chimakhala pafupifupi 365 ndi kotala masiku. Popanda kuwongolera kumeneku, kalendala imachoka m’kupita kwa nthawi ndipo nyengo sizingafanane ndi masiku okhazikitsidwa.

Mfundo ina yofunika kuikumbukira ndi yakuti si zaka zonse zogawikana ndi zinayi zomwe ndi zaka za leap. Pali zosiyana ndi lamuloli. Mwachitsanzo, zaka zomwe zimagawika ndi 100 koma osati 400 sizimawerengedwa kuti ndi zaka zodumphadumpha. Izi zimachitidwa kuti mupewe kusalinganika kwakukulu mu kalendala ndikuwonetsetsa kulondola kwake pakapita nthawi.

Pomaliza, kupangidwa kwa zaka zodumphadumpha ndi njira yofunikira kuti kalendala yathu igwirizane ndi kuzungulira kwa dzuwa. Kupyolera mu phunziroli, tatha kumvetsetsa tsatanetsatane ndi malamulo omwe amalamulira kuphatikizidwa kwa tsiku lowonjezera zaka zinayi zilizonse. Ndikofunikira kukumbukira izi pokonzekera zochitika kapena powerengera masiku. Kulondola kwa kalendala ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kulinganiza koyenera ndi kukonzekera kwa ntchito zathu!

Pomaliza, kumvetsetsa momwe chaka chodumpha chimapangidwira ndikofunikira pakukhazikitsa kalendala yolondola komanso kulinganiza koyenera kwa nthawi. Chifukwa cha lamulo lovuta limeneli lokhazikitsidwa ndi Papa Gregory XIII mu 1582, n’zotheka kusintha kalendala ya dzuwa kuti igwirizane ndi nthawi yeniyeni ya chaka chotentha.

Masamu a masamu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe ngati chaka ndi chaka chodumphadumpha kapena ayi amachokera pa malamulo osavuta koma ogwira mtima, omwe amaganizira zochulukitsa za 4, kupatulapo kuchulukitsa kwa 100 ndi malipiro a ma multiples a 400.

Ngakhale kuti ndi kuphweka kwake, kuyambika kwa chaka chodumphadumpha kwakhala nkhani yophunziridwa ndi kusintha m'mbiri yonse kuti apewe kupatuka pakati pa nthawi ya zakuthambo ndi nthawi yapadziko lapansi, kukhala kuyesa kwa mphamvu yaumunthu kumvetsetsa ndi kulamulira kuzungulira kwake.

Chochitikachi chawonetsa zochitika zazikulu kwambiri m'maphunziro asayansi ndi zakuthambo, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwake moyenera ndikofunikira pa chikondwerero cha zochitika ndi kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa machitidwe osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi nthawi.

Pamapeto pake, chidziwitso cha momwe chaka chodumpha chimapangidwira chimatithandizira kuti tikwaniritse zolondola kwambiri m'makalendala athu ndipo potero timapewa kusagwirizana komwe kungakhudze moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku. Ndi chitsanzo cha momwe sayansi ndi masamu zimaphatikizidwira kutipatsa zida zolondola komanso zodalirika pankhani yoyezera nthawi ndi bungwe lake.