Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito Syncthing: chiwongolero chonse cha kulunzanitsa popanda mtambo

Pali njira yosungira mafayilo anu kukhala atsopano pazida zingapo popanda kudutsa mumtambo: Kugwirizanitsa. Chida ichi chaulere komanso chotsegula chimagwirizanitsa zikwatu pakati pa makompyutandi chitetezo chakumapeto komanso osagawana deta yanu ndi anthu ena.

Kupitilira paukadaulo, imawala chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake: mumayika ntchitoyo pa kompyuta iliyonse ndikusankha zikwatu zomwe mungagawire, ndi momwemo. Imagwira pa GNU/Linux, macOS, Windows, ndi Android.Ili ndi mawonekedwe a intaneti ndi mapulogalamu apakompyuta, ndikuyang'ana momveka bwino: deta yanu ndi yanu ndipo mumasankha komwe imasungidwa ndi momwe imayendera.

Kodi Syncthing ndi chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani ili yoyenera?

 

Syncthing ndi njira yolumikizira mafayilo omwe amangoyang'ana zachinsinsi komanso kuwongolera. Chilolezo chake ndi Mozilla Public License 2.0 (MPL 2.0)Imapangidwa ku Go ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito protocol yake ya block exchange, yotchedwa Block Exchange Protocol (BEP), kusamutsa deta bwino.

M'malo mwake, polojekitiyi ikupanga mtundu wamtambo wa BYO (Bweretsani Okha), komwe Mumapereka hardware ndi mapulogalamu amalumikiza zipangizo zanu Sichifuna ma seva osungira apakati. Imathandizira IPv4 ndi IPv6, ndipo imatha kugwiritsa ntchito ma relay pomwe kulumikizana kwachindunji sikungatheke.

Malingaliro a polojekitiyi azikidwa pazifukwa zingapo zomveka bwino: kuteteza kutayika kwa deta, kusunga chitetezo, kuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito, kupanga makina momwe ndingathere, ndi kupezeka kwa aliyenseZonsezi zimabwera ndi mawonekedwe omveka bwino komanso zolemba zambiri.

• Chitetezo ku zotayika: kuyesa kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha ziphuphu kapena kuchotsa mwangozi.
• ChitetezoTLS encryption imateteza deta podutsa ndipo chipangizo chilichonse chimavomerezedwa mwatsatanetsatane.
• Zosavuta komanso zokha: khwekhwe zomveka, kulunzanitsa zakumbuyo, ndipo palibe frills.
• Kupezeka kwakukuluMakasitomala a GNU/Linux, macOS, Windows ndi Android, kuphatikiza chotengera cha Docker.

Kuonjezera apo, Ili ndi mawonekedwe a intaneti omwe amapezeka kuchokera kwa osatsegula. Ndipo, mu GNU/Linux, GUI yochokera ku GTK (kuphatikiza kutsogolo ngati Syncthing-GTK) yomwe imapangitsa kuti ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku zikhale zosavuta.

Momwe zimagwirira ntchito paukadaulo (popanda kudodometsedwa mwatsatanetsatane)

Mukagawana chikwatu, Syncthing imasanthula mafayilo ndikuwagawa kukhala midadada. Ingolumikizani midadada yomwe ikusinthaIzi zimafulumizitsa kusamutsa ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito bandwidth. Imagwiranso ntchito kupsinjika kwa metadata ndi "kuwunika kowunikira" mutatha kuwerengera ndikukumbukira ma heshi athunthu.

Ponena za chitetezo, Kulumikizana konse kumasungidwa ndi TLSZipangizo zimadziwika ndi ID yapadera (yochokera ku satifiketi yawo), ndipo kulumikizana pakati pawo kumafuna kutsimikizika kuchokera mbali zonse ziwiri. Ngati mikangano ichitika, dongosololi limatchulanso fayilo yakale kwambiri yokhala ndi mawu omangika ngati "kusagwirizana" limodzi ndi tsiku ndi nthawi kuti mutha kuyithetsa mosavuta.

Kwa malo ndi kulumikizana, Syncthing imadziwikiratu zida pa LAN yanu Ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, imatha kugwiritsa ntchito maulumikizidwe apagulu. Kuphatikiza apo, imasunga maulumikizidwe omwe akugwira ntchito ngakhale mutasintha ma netiweki, kotero kulunzanitsa kumapitilira mukapezanso intaneti.

Kuyika pamakina akuluakulu

Mu GNU/Linux mutha kuyiyika kuchokera kumalo osungira ovomerezeka kapena pulojekiti yomwe. Mu Debian/Ubuntu ndi zotumphukira, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito malo ovomerezeka ndikulowetsa kiyi ya PGP.Pomwe Fedora, CentOS, ndi machitidwe ofanana amawaphatikiza m'malo awo monga EPEL. Ku Arch/Manjaro, ili m'malo osungiramo.

Mukayika, ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito ntchito ndi systemd: gwiritsani ntchito systemctl enable syncthing@usuario y systemctl start syncthing@usuario (sinthani "dzina lolowera" ndi dzina la akaunti yanu). Mawonekedwe osasinthika a intaneti akhazikitsidwa http://127.0.0.1:8384 za kayendetsedwe ka dera.

Pa Windows, binary yovomerezeka imagwira ntchito mwanjira "yonyamula", koma kuti mukhale omasuka pali ma projekiti ngati SyncTrayzorkuti Syncthing imayambira kumbuyo, ikuwonetsa zidziwitso, ndikuphatikizana mu tray yadongosolo.Mwanjira iyi mutha kuyiwala za mazenera otseguka a console; imayamba ndi dongosolo ndipo imakhala yosawonekera mpaka mutayifuna.

Pa macOS mutha kutsitsa pulogalamu yomwe yasungidwa Ikani Syncthing ngati pulogalamu yachibadwidwePa Android, Imapezeka pa Play Store ndi F-Droidndikukulolani kuti mulumikize foni yanu yam'manja ndi zida zanu, mwachitsanzo, kusamutsa zithunzi ku kompyuta yanu.

Masitepe oyamba mu mawonekedwe a intaneti

Tsegulani msakatuli wanu ndikupita ku http://127.0.0.1:8384 (chofikira). Momwemo, muyenera kuyambitsa dzina lolowera la GUI ndi mawu achinsinsi. Kuchokera ku Zochita → Zikhazikiko → GUI, makamaka ngati mukufuna kuwulula kunja kwa localhost kapena kuyiyendetsa kuchokera pa kompyuta ina pa LAN.

Mudzawona chophimba chokhala ndi mapanelo a "Mafoda", "Chida ichi" ndi "Zida Zina". The mawonekedwe detects dongosolo chinenero ndipo ndithu mwachilengedwe.Kuchokera pamenepo mutha kuwonjezera zida zakutali, kupanga zikwatu zogawana, sinthani magawo, ndikuwona momwe mungalumikizire.

ID ya chipangizo chanu ndikuyatsa

Kuyika kulikonse kwa Syncthing kumapanga satifiketi yake ndi ID ya chipangizo chogwirizana nacho. ID imeneyo imalola zida zina kukupezani ndikupempha kulumikizana.Mudzaziwona mu Zochita → Onetsani ID, pafupi ndi nambala yothandiza kwambiri ya QR mukamalumikizana ndi foni yam'manja.

Kuti mulumikizane ndi zida ziwiri, pa imodzi mwazo dinani "Add Remote Chipangizo", Matani ID ya munthu winayo ndikusungaNgati onse ali pa LAN imodzi, Syncthing nthawi zambiri "amawona" kompyuta yachiwiri popanda kuyika kachidindo, chifukwa cha kupezeka kwanuko.

Posunga, Gulu lachiwiri liwona zidziwitso zolumikizana. kuvomereza kulumikizana. Zonse zikatsimikizira, zida ziwirizo zimalumikizidwa ndikukonzekera kulunzanitsa zikwatu.

Gawani chikwatu: chizindikiro, njira, ndi omwe mungagawane naye

Kuti muyambe kulunzanitsa, onjezani chikwatu pazida zina. Perekani chizindikiro (dzina lofotokozera) ndi njira ya diskMutha kugawana ndi gulu limodzi kapena angapo powasankha pagawo la "Kugawana".

Sikokakamizidwa kuti njira ikhale yofanana kwa magulu onse; Mutha mapu "FotosMóvil" pa PC yanu kuti "/home/usuario/syncthing/camara"Mwachitsanzo. Ingoyesani kukhala mwadongosolo kuti musasokonezeke posunga mafayilo pamalo oyenera.

Mukagawana chikwatu, gulu lina lidzalandira kuyitanidwa kuti "kuvomereza" ndikusankha komwe mungayike padongosolo lawo. Mbali zonse ziwiri zitagwirizana, njira yolumikizira imayamba. ndipo muwona mipiringidzo yakupita patsogolo, kuchuluka kwazinthu, ndi index ya block mu nthawi yeniyeni.

Mitundu yamafoda ndi zokonda zothandiza

Syncthing imapereka mitundu itatu pa foda iliyonse: Tumizani ndi kulandira, Tumizani kokha, ndipo Landirani kokhaYoyamba ndi bidirectional (monga mwachizolowezi). "Kutumiza kokha" kumalepheretsa kusintha kwa magulu ena kuti asakhudze gwero; zothandiza kwa ambuye timu kukankhira zinthu. "Landirani kokha" imaletsa zosintha zakomweko kuti zisafalikire.

Fayilo yosinthira zikwatu ili ndi zosankha zapamwamba kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Mutha kutanthauzira gawo lochepera la malo aulere a disk, kapena sinthani momwe zosintha zimasinthidwira komanso nthawi (nthawi ya sikani, ndikuwona nthawi yeniyeni ngati kuli koyenera).

Mudzapezanso Musanyalanyaze Zitsanzo (zitsanzo zosiyanitsidwa, monga *.tmp kapena zolemba zinazake), ndi gawo Kutulutsa mafayilo kuti musunge mafayilo am'mbuyomu. Kumasuliraku ndikosavuta koma kothandiza pakukonza zolakwika zomwe wamba kapena kufufuta.

Kusintha kwina kofunikira ndi dongosolo lotsimikizira mafayilo ndi kasamalidwe ka zilolezo / eni ake mu machitidwe ngati UNIX. Ngati mumalunzanitsa pakati pa Windows ndi Linux, onani mabokosi awa kuti mupewe zodabwitsa. ndi metadata.

Zomangamanga pamanetiweki: radial yokhala ndi "presenter" ndi malingaliro a mesh

Ndi makompyuta atatu kapena kuposerapo, mutha kukhazikitsa gulu labwino kwambiri. Tinene kuti A, B, ndi C. Ngati muyika chizindikiro A ngati "wowonetsa" (lowetsani) Polumikiza B ndi C, A "amawonetsa" zidazo kwa wina ndi mnzake ndipo enawo amazindikirana.

Ubwino? Ngati A azimitsa, B ndi C adzapitiriza kulunzanitsa mwachindunji pokhapokha atha kulumikizana. Komanso, kusamutsidwa kumagawidwa: mmalo mwa A kutumiza chirichonse, chipangizo chilichonse chimathandizira, kuchepetsa bandwidth pa gwero.

"Total mesh" ndizotheka ngati muyika aliyense ngati owonetsa pakati pa ena onse, koma sizovomerezeka. "Zipangizo zamzimu" zimapangidwa zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuyeretsa. Pamene wina wasiya kukhalapo koma kutchulidwa kwake kumapitirira pa intaneti. Ngati Syncthing ipeza owonetsa obwereza, imakupatsirani chenjezo kuti muganizirenso.

Utsogoleri wakutali ndi malangizo othandiza

Mukufuna kuyang'anira gulu lina kuchokera ku lina? Pitani ku Zochita → Zikhazikiko → GUI ndi Sinthani adilesi yomvera ya mawonekedwe a intaneti kulola kulowa kuchokera ku LAN yanu (mwachitsanzo, 0.0.0.0:8384). Chonde phatikizani dzina lolowera ndi mawu achinsinsi ofunikira.

Ngati mumayang'anira seva popanda mawonekedwe azithunzi, mungathe kusintha ~/.config/syncthing/config.xml kusintha magawo, kuphatikizapo GUI. Ndipo ngati zonse zachitika kudzera pa SSH, ngalande yokhala ndi doko lotumizira imakulolani "kubweretsa" 127.0.0.1:8384 ku chipangizo chomwe mukulumikizako.

Pakakhala ma routers okhwima kapena ma routers opanda UPnP, Syncthing imatha kukoka ma relayNdiwothandiza kwambiri ngati kukonza kwakanthawi, ngakhale amachepetsa kulumikizana kwanu. Ngati muli ndi mphamvu pa malo anu ochezera a pa Intaneti, kutsegula madoko ndikuyendetsa magalimoto mwachindunji nthawi zambiri kumapereka ntchito yabwino.

Zinsinsi ndi chitetezo: zomwe muyenera kudziwa

Kulumikizana pakati pazida kumasungidwa ndi TLS ndi chipangizo chilichonse Ili ndi satifiketi yake komanso kiyi yachinsinsiKomabe, zachinsinsi sizitanthauza kusadziwika kwathunthu pakati pa anzanu: zida zolumikizidwa zimatha kuwona adilesi yanu ya IP, makina anu, ndi mawonekedwe anu (olumikizidwa, kulunzanitsa, ndi zina). Lumikizanani ndi anthu omwe mumawakhulupirira okha.

Kuti igwire ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, Syncthing imagwiritsa ntchito ntchito zina zaboma: ma seva odziwika padziko lonse lapansi, ma relay, ndi mindandanda yotumizirana mauthengaKuphatikiza pa seva yosinthira ndipo, ngati mukuvomereza, telemetry yosadziwika ya ziwerengero. Chilichonse chimasinthidwa ngati mukufuna kukhazikitsa maukonde anu achinsinsi, koma sikofunikira kwa anthu ambiri.

Madoko, magwiridwe antchito ndi kuthetsa mikangano

Mwachikhazikitso, GUI imagwiritsa ntchito port 8384 pa localhostKuyanjanitsa anzawo kumagwira ntchito 22000/TCP ndi kupezeka kwanuko 21027/UDPNgati muli ndi firewall, tsegulani ngati pakufunika kuti muwongolere kulumikizana mwachindunji.

Makompyuta awiri akasintha fayilo yomweyo pafupifupi nthawi imodzi, wotchuka "mkangano synchronization" akuwonekeraSyncthing imawonjezera suffix ya deti kuti mutha kusankha mtundu woti musunge. Kusunga zosinthika kumathandizira kuteteza dongosolo lanu.

Ngati muwona kuti index ikutenga nthawi yayitali, Yang'anani jambulani ndikusintha kwanthawi yeniyeni "wotchi".M'ma repos akulu, kusintha kwakanthawi ndikupangitsa kuti tidziwitse (ngati kuli koyenera) kumatha kupulumutsa CPU osapereka kuzizira.

Kuyika kophatikiza ndi zolemba zina

Kwa malo otsekedwa, Pali chithunzi chovomerezeka cha DockerNdi njira yabwino kwambiri yoyika Syncthing pa NAS, ma seva akunyumba kapena VPS, kusunga ma voliyumu omwe adayikidwa pamafoda anu.

Mu GNU/Linux yokhala ndi desktop, Syncthing-GTK kapena ma frontend ofanana amathandizira kasamalidwe ndi chithunzi mu tray system ndi mwayi wolunjika ku zosankha popanda kutsegula msakatuli. Pa Windows, SyncTrayzor imakwaniritsa bwino ntchitoyi.

Monga momwe polojekitiyi ikugogomezera, "Zida zanu ndi zanu nokha"Njirayi-popanda mtambo wa chipani chachitatu-ndicho chifukwa chake ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri akuchoka ku Dropbox/Drive kukagwira ntchito zamkati, ma media media, kapena data tcheru.

Ngati mukufuna kuti mupindule nazo, patulani nthawi machitidwe osapatula, malire a bandwidth, ndi kumasuliraAwa ndi makonzedwe atatu omwe amapangitsa kusiyana m'malo enieni omwe ali ndi makina ambiri ndi zolemba zazikulu.

Zikafika kwa izo, Syncthing imaphatikiza Kuthamanga kwa P2P, kuwongolera kwathunthu, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kosavuta kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.Mukayiyambitsa, mutha kuyiwala za ma drive a USB, zomata maimelo, ndi kukweza kwamtambo kosatha. Ndipo inde, ndi zabwino modabwitsa.