Momwe mungasinthire Raspberry Pi kukhala seva yapanyumba ya NAS

Kodi mukufuna kukhala ndi seva yosungirako maukonde osawononga ndalama zambiri? La Raspberry Pi ndi imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake komanso kuthekera kolumikiza ma hard drive akunja, mutha Sinthani Raspberry Pi kukhala seva yapanyumba ya NAS. Zosavuta kukhazikitsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kwambiri. 

Ngakhale zida zamalonda za NAS zimapereka zinthu zapamwamba kuchokera m'bokosi, nthawi zambiri zimabwera pamtengo wapamwamba. Komabe, ndi Raspberry Pi mutha kupeza zotsatira zofanana ndi ndalama zochepa. M’nkhaniyi tikufotokozerani Zomwe mukufunikira komanso mapulogalamu omwe mungagwiritse ntchito kuchita m'njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza.

Chifukwa chiyani mugwiritse ntchito Raspberry Pi ngati NAS?

Ma seva a NAS (Network Attached Storage) ndi zida zopangidwira kupereka almacenamiento en red zomwe zitha kupezeka kuchokera ku zida zosiyanasiyana mkati mwa netiweki yapafupi kapenanso kuchokera pamtambo. Kugwiritsa ntchito Raspberry Pi ngati NAS kumapereka maubwino angapo:

• Ndi njira yopezera ndalama zambiri: Raspberry Pi imawononga ndalama zochepa kwambiri kuposa NAS yamalonda.
• Amapereka mphamvu zochepa: Pogwiritsa ntchito ma watts ochepa, imatha kuyendetsedwa 24/7 popanda kuwonjezera ndalama zanu zamagetsi.
• Ndi makonda kwambiri: Mutha kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu ndi mautumiki osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana malinga ndi zosowa zanu.
• Imaloleza kupezeka kwakutali: Kuyikonza moyenera kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza mafayilo kulikonse.

Komabe, posintha Raspberry Pi kukhala seva ya NAS, muyenera kukumbukira zolephera zina. Raspberry Pi ilibe mphamvu yofananira yofananira ngati katswiri wa NAS komanso kulumikizana kwake Zitha kukhala zolepheretsa ngati simugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chokhala ndi doko la Gigabit Ethernet. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mukufuna zosungira zambiri, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma hard drive akunja a USB.

M'nkhaniyi mukhoza kuwerenga zambiri za qué es un servidor NAS kuti mumvetse bwino makhalidwe ake.

Zipangizo zofunika

Musanayambe kusintha Raspberry Pi kukhala seva ya NAS, onetsetsani kuti muli ndi izi:

• A Raspberry Pi 4 o Raspberry Pi 5 (4GB kapena 8GB RAM mtundu akulimbikitsidwa).
• A khadi ya microSD ya osachepera 8 GB pomwe tidzakhazikitsa makina opangira.
• Adapta yamagetsi yogwirizana ndi Raspberry Pi.
• Un disco duro externo USB kapena ma pendrive apamwamba kwambiri osungira mafayilo.
• Un cable de red Ethernet (zosankha, koma zolimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti zikhazikike).
• Un PC con Windows, macOS o Linux kupanga kasinthidwe koyamba.

Kuyika makina opangira pa Raspberry Pi

Zofunikira zikatsimikiziridwa, titha kuyambitsa njira yosinthira Raspberry Pi kukhala seva ya NAS. Chinthu choyamba kuchita ndi kukhazikitsa a sistema operativo ligero en la Raspberry Pi. Njira yabwino kwambiri ya polojekitiyi ndi Raspberry Pi OS Lite. Popeza OS iyi siyiphatikiza malo ojambulira, magwiridwe antchito amawongoleredwa. Izi ndi njira zoyenera kutsatira:

Gawo 1: Tsitsani ndikuyika Raspberry Pi Imager, chida chovomerezeka chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wowunikira makina ogwiritsira ntchito ku microSD khadi.

Gawo 2: Lowetsani microSD mu PC yanu ndikutsegula Raspberry Pi Imager. Sankhani Raspberry Pi OS Lite (64-bit ngati Pi yanu ikuthandizira) ndikusankha memori khadi ngati kopita.

Gawo 3: Musanajambule chithunzichi, pezani zosankha zapamwamba ndikukonza:

• Dzina la alendo a Raspberry Pi (mwachitsanzo, raspberrypi.local).
• Dzina lolowera ndi mawu achinsinsi.
• Kulumikiza kwa Wi-Fi (ngati simugwiritsa ntchito Efaneti).
• Yambitsani SSH kulumikiza kwakutali.

Gawo 4: Onetsani chithunzicho ndipo, ndondomekoyo ikatha, ikani khadi la microSD mu Raspberry Pi ndikuyatsa.

Popeza tathandizira SSH pazosintha, titha kuyang'anira Raspberry Pi popanda kulumikiza chowunikira ndi kiyibodi. Kuchokera pa Windows, gwiritsani ntchito PuTTY; Pa macOS ndi Linux, ingotsegulani terminal ndikulemba:

ssh wosuta@raspberry_ip

Lowetsani mawu achinsinsi ndipo mudzalowetsedwa kuti muyambe kukhazikitsa.

Configurar el disco duro externo

Gawo lina lofunikira kuti musinthe Raspberry Pi kukhala seva yapanyumba ya NAS ndikuyika USB hard drive ngati malo osungira a NAS ndikuwapatsa chilolezo choyenera.

Choyamba muyenera kuwona dzina lomwe dongosolo lapereka ku diski ndi lamulo ili:

lsblk

Ngati diskiyo sinapangidwe, mutha kuyisintha ext4 ndi:

sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1

Kenako tsitsani diski ku chikwatu chopezeka:

sudo mkdir /mnt/nas
sudo phiri /dev/sda1 /mnt/nas

Kuti muwonetsetse kuti diskiyo idakhazikitsidwa yokha pakuyambiranso dongosolo, sinthani fayiloyo /etc/fstab ndi:

sudo nano /etc/fstab

Y añade la siguiente línea al final:

/dev/sda1 /mnt/nas ext4 zosasintha 0 2

Ikani ndikusintha Samba

Kuti tigawane mafayilo pa netiweki, tidzakhazikitsa Samba, pulogalamu yomwe imathandizira kulumikizana pakati pa Windows ndi Linux.

sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y samba

Tsopano sinthani fayilo yanu yosinthira:

sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf

Onjezani pamapeto:

[NAS]
path = /mnt/nas
writable = yes
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
public = no

Sungani zosintha ndikuyambitsanso ntchito:

sudo systemctl restart smbd

Pezani NAS kuchokera pa Windows kapena macOS

Mutatembenuza Raspberry Pi kukhala seva ya NAS, izi ndi zomwe muyenera kuchita kuti mupeze mafayilo omwe adagawana nawo:

• Pa Mawindo Tsegulani File Explorer ndikulemba pa adilesi: \\ raspberry_ip\NAS
• Pa macOS, tsegulani Finder ndikusindikiza Cmd + K, kenako lembani: smb://raspberry_ip/NAS

Pomaliza, lowetsani dzina lolowera ndi mawu achinsinsi omwe mudakonza kale ndipo mudzatha kuyang'anira mafayilo kuchokera pakompyuta iliyonse.

Monga tawonera m'nkhaniyi, potsatira mosamala njirazi, ndizotheka kusintha Raspberry Pi kukhala seva yapanyumba ya NAS. A chidwi yankho kusunga ndikugawana mafayilo osawononga ndalama zambiri.