COSMIC Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS: Iyi ndi kompyuta yatsopano ya System76

Kufika kwa Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS Izi zikuyimira kusintha kwa System76 komanso, powonjezera, pa GNU/Linux desktop ecosystem. Mtundu uwu ndi chizindikiro chovomerezeka cha kutulutsidwa kwa COSMIC ngati malo okhazikika a desktop, a Mawonekedwe apadera adapangidwa kuyambira pachiyambi mu Rust zomwe zimasiya mosakayikira gawo lakale losinthira pamwamba pa GNOME.

Pambuyo pa zaka zingapo za ntchito, mitundu ya alpha ndi beta za anthu onse, System76 pomaliza pake yapereka COSMIC Desktop Environment Epoch 1zomwe zimakhala zochitika zosasinthika pa Pop!_OS. Pakati pake pamakhalabe Ubuntu 24.04 LTSKomabe, mawonekedwe, kayendedwe ka ntchito, ndi ntchito zambiri zofunika zimayendetsedwa mwachindunji ndi kampani, ndi kuyang'ana kwambiri pa desktop yofulumira, yokhazikika komanso yosavuta kusintha.

Malo atsopano a desktop olembedwa mu Rust omwe amasiya GNOME Shell

System76 yakhala ikusintha GNOME kwa zaka zambiri, koma kampaniyo ikuvomereza kuti inali nayo anafika pa malire a zomwe akanatha kuchita ndi chipolopolo chachikhalidweNdi COSMIC asankha kusintha kwakukulu: kompyuta yawoyawo yomangidwa mu Rust pogwiritsa ntchito zida zogwiritsira ntchito Iced. Lingaliro ndikupereka malo amakono, osinthika, komanso otetezeka popanda kukakamiza zoletsa za GNOME.

Pakulumikizana koyamba, wogwiritsa ntchito adzazindikira zinthu zina zodziwika bwino za kalembedwe ka GNOMEKapangidwe koyera, mapanelo, choyambitsa, komanso kuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga zinthu. Komabe, mukatsegula mapulogalamu angapo, kusuntha pakati pa malo ogwirira ntchito, kapena kusintha kapangidwe ka panelo, zimakhala zomveka kuti ndi malo osiyana, okhala ndi malingaliro ake amkati komanso kusintha kwakukulu.

Cholinga cha System76 ndichakuti Anthu omwe adagwiritsa kale ntchito Pop!_OS sayenera kumva ngati atayika.koma kuti akhoza thyola ma corsets akaleCOSMIC imasakaniza zinthu za desktop yakale ndi malingaliro omwe amafanana ndi oyang'anira mawindo okhala ndi matailosi (matailosi), chinthu chomwe mpaka pano ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amakakamizidwa kukhazikitsa pogwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera kapena makonzedwe apamwamba.

Kupatula kukongola, kudzipereka ku Rust kuli ndi gawo laukadaulo: kuika patsogolo chitetezo cha kukumbukira ndi magwiridwe antchitoKampaniyo ikugogomezera kuti Phindu lalikulu la COSMIC lili pakukhala gulu la "zidutswa za LEGO" zotseguka komanso zogwiritsidwanso ntchito. kuti mapulojekiti ena akhoza kufalikira, kusintha, kapena kuphatikizana ndi magawo awoawo.

Kusintha kwa nthawi: kuchokera ku Pop!_OS ndi GNOME kupita ku Pop!_OS ndi COSMIC

Mpaka pano, Pop!_OS idadalira GNOME yokhala ndi zowonjezera zake komanso zosintha zake. Ndi Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS, COSMIC imakhala malo okhazikika a desktopGNOME imayikidwa makamaka ku zigawo zamkati ndi mapulogalamu ena omwe alibe njira yowasinthira mwachindunji.

System76 yayamba ndi zida zoyambira zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Mapulogalamu angapo ofala a GNOME asinthidwa ndi njira zina zachilengedwe za COSMICYopangidwira makamaka kompyuta iyi ndipo inalembedwanso mu Rust:

• Mafayilo a COSMIC, woyang'anira mafayilo omwe amatenga malo a Nautilus.
• Malo Osungira Zinthu ku COSMIC, kasitomala wotsatira malamulo omwe amalowa m'malo mwa GNOME Terminal.
• Mkonzi wa Zolemba wa COSMIC, chosinthira mawu chopepuka cha zikalata ndi ma code.
• Chosewerera Nkhani cha COSMIC, chosewerera cha multimedia chosavuta chokhala ndi chithandizo cha mawu ang'onoang'ono.
• Sitolo ya COSMIC, sitolo yatsopano ya mapulogalamu yomwe ilowa m'malo mwa Pop!_Shop.

Kuphatikiza apo, chilengedwe chimaphatikizapo wothandizira wolandila zomwe zimathandiza masitepe oyamba, kuyambira pa makonda am'deralo mpaka pakupanga kwa desktop, ndi chida chojambulira chophatikizidwa chomwe chimafanana ndi cha GNOME koma chosinthidwa kuti chigwirizane ndi chilankhulo chowoneka cha COSMIC.

Ngakhale kusintha kwakukulu kumeneku, Pop!_OS ikupitilizabe kudalira GNOME ya magawo ena zomwe sizinakonzedwenso: chowonera chithunzi, chowunikira dongosolo, ndi zina zothandizira zikadali mitundu ya GNOME. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mapulogalamu ofotokozera mu dongosolo la Linux monga Firefox, Thunderbird kapena LibreOffice, zomwe zimakhalabe ngati zosankha zosasinthika chifukwa cha kukhwima kwawo komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu.

Zonsezi zikuphatikizidwa pamaziko a Ubuntu 24.04 LTSndi zinthu zatsopano monga kernel Linux 6.17, dongosolo 255 ndi gulu la zithunzi Tebulo 25.1Kuphatikiza apo, madalaivala a NVIDIA 580 alipo kwa iwo omwe amafunikira zithunzi zawo. Mwachidule, izi zikutanthauza kuti pali chithandizo chachikulu cha zida zamagetsi komanso malo ogwiritsira ntchito kompyuta omwe, kupatulapo mavuto ang'onoang'ono, akuwonetsa kale kuti ndi njira yodalirika kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kusintha mawonekedwe a munthu, kukonza matailosi a mawindo, ndi malo ogwirira ntchito apamwamba

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zogulitsa kwambiri za COSMIC ndi momwe zimakhalira amayang'anira mawindo, malo ogwirira ntchito, ndi zowonetsera zingapoChilengedwe chimapereka dongosolo la mosaic (matailosi) zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi njira zazifupi za mbewa ndi kiyibodi, popanda kukakamiza aliyense kusiya kwathunthu chitsanzo cha zenera loyandama.

Wogwiritsa ntchito akhoza kuyambitsa mosaic kuchokera pa chosankha chosavuta pa panel, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo Konzani mawindo motsatira malo ogwirira ntchito komanso monitorNjira zazifupizi n'zosavuta kuziphunzira, ndipo n'zotheka kusintha mawindo powakoka, ndi zizindikiro zooneka zomwe zikusonyeza komwe angalowe.

The malo ogwirira ntchito Zakhalanso zokonzedwa bwino kwambiri. COSMIC imakulolani kusankha pakati pa kapangidwe kopingasa kapena koyima, kusankha ngati chowunikira chilichonse chili ndi malo ake antchito kapena ngati akugawidwa, kukanikiza ma desktops ena kuti asatayike, ndikusunga makonzedwewo mutayambiranso. Kwa iwo omwe amagwira ntchito ndi ma desktops ambiri nthawi imodzi, palinso pulogalamu zomwe zikuwonetsa chiwerengero cha malo ogwirira ntchito pa panel kapena dock.

Chithandizo cha chowunikira chambiri Yapangidwira makonzedwe amakono: zowonetsera zapamwamba zimatha kusakanikirana ndi zowunikira wamba, ndi kukulitsa zokha kutengera kuchuluka kwa ma pixel ndi zosankha zowongolera bwino muzokonda. Chiwonetsero chikachotsedwa, mawindo omwe akuwonetsedwa pamenepo amasamutsidwira ku malo atsopano ogwirira ntchito pazowonetsera zotsalazo, kuonetsetsa kuti zikuwonekerabe.

Ponena za kusintha zinthu kukhala zaumwini, gawo la Zokonda > Desktop amalola kusintha mitu, mitundu ya mawu ofotokozera, malo a gulu, ndi machitidwe a dokoMukhoza kusankha gulu lapamwamba lokhala ndi doko la pansi, gulu limodzi, kapena kuyika zinthu zonse ziwiri m'mphepete mwa sikirini iliyonse. Kuchokera pamenepo, mutha kuyang'aniranso "ma applets" a gululo, omwe amapereka magwiridwe antchito owonjezera popanda kudalira zowonjezera za chipani chachitatu.

Mapulogalamu a COSMIC ndi sitolo yosungira mapulogalamu yokonzedwanso

Pop!_Shop ikulowedwa m'malo ndi yatsopano Sitolo ya COSMIC Ichi ndi kusintha kwina kwakukulu. Sitolo iyi imakulolani kuyika ndikusintha mapulogalamu mumitundu yonse iwiri. DEB monga momwe zilili Flatpakndi Malo osungiramo zinthu a Flathub ndi System76 atsegulidwa kuyambira pomwe adatsegulidwa koyambaCholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kusaka ndi kuyang'anira mapulogalamu, kuletsa wogwiritsa ntchito kuwonjezera magwero ena pamanja.

Sitoloyi ili ndi zinthu zambiri zoti Mapulogalamu enieni a COSMIC Zida zimenezi zimathandiza ntchito zofunika tsiku ndi tsiku. Mafayilo amathandiza kuti zinthu ziyende bwino, Terminal imaphatikizapo ma tab ndi kugawa mawindo, chosinthira mawu ndi chopepuka koma chokhoza, ndipo chosewerera makanema chimakhudza zinthu zofunika, kuphatikizapo chithandizo cha mawu ang'onoang'ono. Pazithunzi, dongosololi limapereka chida cha GNOME chomwe chimaphatikizidwa mu kapangidwe ka COSMIC.

Mapulogalamu awa ali ndi filosofi yomweyi: kupepuka, liwiro ndi kugwirizana kwa masomphenyaKugwiritsa ntchito Rust kumawonekera mwachangu momwe amatsegulira ndi kuyankha, chinthu chodziwika bwino kwambiri m'makompyuta apakatikati, chomwe chimapezeka kwambiri m'nyumba ndi maofesi ku Spain ndi Europe, pankhani ya Kusowa kwa RAM.

Zachidziwikire, Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS imasunga mwayi wonse wopeza Malo osungiramo zinthu a Ubuntu 24.04Chifukwa chake, kabukhu konse ka mapulogalamu kamapezeka mosavuta kuti kayikidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, Flatpak imapereka zabwino kwa iwo omwe amakonda kupatula mapulogalamu kapena nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mitundu yokhazikika yaposachedwa popanda kuphwanya maziko a dongosolo.

Zithunzi zosakanikirana, chitetezo, ndi chithandizo cha zida

Kwa ma laputopu ndi makompyuta okhala ndi ma GPU odzipereka, chimodzi mwa zinthu zothandiza kwambiri ndi chithandizo chatsopano cha zithunzi zosakanizidwaPop!_OS imatha kuzindikira mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira GPU yamphamvu kwambiri ndikuyendetsa yokha pa iyo, pomwe ena onse amapitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito yolumikizidwa kuti asunge batri.

Wogwiritsa ntchito angathenso kukakamiza GPU pamanja podina kumanja mosavuta Kuwongolera kodziyimira pawokha kumeneku kumachokera pa chizindikiro cha pulogalamu, popanda kusintha njira zojambulira za dongosolo, zomwe zinali zovuta m'malo ena. Yapangidwira masewera komanso mapulogalamu osintha makanema, kapangidwe ka 3D, ndi mapulogalamu owerengera ndalama zambiri, zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira m'malo ogwirira ntchito ku Europe.

Chitetezo ndi chinthu chofunikira kuganizira. Wokhazikitsa tsopano akupereka encryption yosavuta ya disk yonseYopangidwira ntchito zamakompyuta kapena zida zomwe zimasunga deta yachinsinsi. Kuphatikiza apo, palinso mbali ya "Kukhazikitsanso" zomwe zimakulolani kuti muyikenso dongosololi pamene mukusunga mafayilo anu, makonda ndi mapulogalamu a Flatpak, kaya kuchokera ku ISO kapena pogwira pansi malo osungira deta mukayamba.

Ponena za kugwirizana, System76 ili ndi chithandizo chachikulu cha hardware, yowonjezeredwa ndi kernel 6.17 ndi mbadwo waposachedwa wa ma driver otseguka a zithunzi. Kuti muwonetsetse kuti ma motherboard akugwirizana, onani Momwe mungadziwire ngati bolodi yanu ya mama ikufunika kusinthidwa kwa BIOSKuwonjezera pa zithunzi zokhazikika za x86_64 zokhala ndi zithunzi zophatikizika kapena zapadera, Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS imapereka Mabaibulo enieni a ARM, yothandizidwa mwalamulo pa kompyuta ya kampani ya Thelio Astra, ngakhale kuti inali ndi mwayi woti anthu ammudzi azigwiritsa ntchito makompyuta ena.

Anthu omwe akufuna madalaivala a NVIDIA ali ndi Chithunzi chokonzedwa bwino cha ISOIzi ndizofunikira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ku Europe omwe amasankha kupanga makompyuta awoawo ndi makadi a GeForce kapena kugwiritsa ntchito malo ogwirira ntchito okhala ndi GPU popanga ma modeling, AI, kapena CAD.

Kukhazikitsa, mitundu yomwe ilipo komanso kupezeka kwa magawo ena

Njira yokhazikitsira Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS ikadali yosavuta, yokhala ndi njira ya kuyika koyera Kwa iwo omwe akufuna kupanga diski, pali njira yogawa magawo pamanja kuti azitha kusintha zinthu mwapamwamba. Pakupanga ogwiritsa ntchito, dongosololi limaphatikizapo chowunika mphamvu ya mawu achinsinsi, zomwe zimachenjeza ngati kiyi ndi yofooka kapena siyikugwirizana, mfundo yaying'ono koma yothandiza.

Pambuyo pa chiyambi choyamba, wothandizira wolandila zomwe zimakutsogolerani kudzera mu makonda ofunikira: kupezeka, netiweki, chilankhulo, kapangidwe ka kiyibodi, ndi nthawi. Munjira yomweyo, mutha kusankha mutu (kuphatikiza wodziwika bwino). Mdima Wamdima(mu mithunzi yofiirira) ndi kapangidwe koyambirira ka desktop, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya panel ndi dock yopangidwira machitidwe osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito.

Ponena za kutsitsa, Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS imagawidwa mu mitundu inayi yayikulu:

• Muyezo wa ISO pa makina okhala ndi zithunzi za Intel/AMD kapena NVIDIA kuchokera mu mndandanda wa 10 ndi wakale.
• NVIDIA ISO kwa ma NVIDIA GPU atsopano (GTX 16 series mpaka RTX 6xxx).
• ISO ARM kwa mapurosesa a ARM64 opanda NVIDIA GPU yapadera.
• ARM ISO ndi NVIDIA yolunjika ku machitidwe a ARM64 okhala ndi zithunzi za kampaniyi, kuphatikizapo Thelio Astra.

Zofunikira zochepa zovomerezeka zimakhalabe zocheperako: 4 GB ya RAM, 16 GB yosungira, ndi purosesa ya 64-bitKomabe, kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino COSMIC ndi luso lake la mosaic ndi multi-monitor, tikukulimbikitsani kukhala ndi kukumbukira kochulukirapo komanso GPU yabwino.

Ngakhale Pop!_OS ndi "kwawo" kwa COSMIC, malo ogwiritsira ntchito kompyuta si okhawo. Ma desktop ena alipo kale. ma bundle ndi ma spins ndi COSMIC m'magawo ena monga Arch Linux, Fedora, openSUSE, NixOS, kapena mitundu ina ya BSD ndi Redox. Komabe, kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuiwona monga momwe opanga System76 amafunira, malangizowo akadali oti ayike Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS, pomwe chilichonse chimakonzedwa bwino kuti chigwire ntchito bwino.

Malingaliro oyamba: magwiridwe antchito apamwamba ndi zolakwika zazing'ono

Mayeso oyamba ndi kusanthula zikugwirizana kuti COSMIC Ikufika pokhwima modabwitsa chifukwa ndi mtundu wake woyamba wokhazikika.Kompyutayo imaoneka yopepuka, makanema ojambula ndi osalala, ndipo mapulogalamu enieni amayankha mwachangu ngakhale pamakina akale, zomwe zingakhale zosangalatsa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kunyumba ndi akatswiri ku Spain omwe akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zida zakale.

La kuyenda pakati pa malo ogwirira ntchito Ndi yosavuta kumva chifukwa cha switch yomwe ili kumtunda kumanzere, yomwe imakulolani kukonza ndikukonzanso ma desktops momwe mukufunira. Kuphatikiza ndi njira zazifupi za kiyibodi zomwe zili pakati pa kiyibodi ya Super, imapereka njira yogwirira ntchito yosavuta kwa iwo omwe sakonda kuchotsa manja awo pa kiyibodi.

Gulu lapamwamba limaphatikiza a malo odziwitsa anthu omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osasokonezachizindikiro cha batri chomwe chikuwonetsanso momwe GPU ilili ndi mapulogalamu ake ogwirizana nawo, ndi kuwongolera mawu Kuchokera apa, zida zotulutsira mawu ndi zosewerera zitha kusinthidwa. Komabe, pankhani ya mawu, ogwiritsa ntchito ena akale adawona mavuto ena akasinthana pakati pa zokamba zomangidwa mkati ndi mahedifoni, kapena akamagwiritsa ntchito Bluetooth; izi zikuyembekezeka kuthetsedwa mtsogolo.

Mu gawo la mapulogalamu, palibe kusagwirizana pang'ono ndi zolakwikaZipangizo monga OBS Studio, mwachitsanzo, sizigwirizana mokwanira ndi makina atsopano ojambulira zithunzi m'zochitika zina, zomwe zimapangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zothetsera mavuto. Zolakwika zazing'ono zokongoletsa zawonedwanso, monga zizindikiro wamba zomwe zili padoko poika ma pulogalamu ena, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimathetsedwa poyambitsanso.

Ngakhale izi zili choncho, lingaliro lonse ndilakuti Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS yokhala ndi COSMIC imapereka kale chidziwitso chokwanira choganizira kuigwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, ngakhale kuntchito, bola ngati wogwiritsa ntchitoyo akudziwa kuti ndi m'badwo woyamba wa desktop yatsopano kwathunthu.

Malo mkati mwa dongosolo la European Linux

Kuyambitsidwa kwa COSMIC kukubwera panthawi yomwe Anthu ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta ku Europe akufunafuna njira zina ku machitidwe enieni, kaya chifukwa cha nkhani zachinsinsi, kutha kwa chithandizo cha mitundu yakale ya Windows, kapena chidwi cha nsanja zotseguka kwambiri zamapulogalamu ndi luso.

Pop!_OS inali itadziwika kale ngati njira yogawa yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa kwa chitukuko, sayansi ya deta ndi kapangidweChifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwake bwino ndi ma graphic drivers, kuthandizira kwake zida zamakono, komanso kufanana kwake ndi Ubuntu, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mayunivesite ndi mabizinesi aku Europe, COSMIC ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito makompyuta omwe System76 ikutengapo gawo lina popereka desktop yomwe sikufuna zowonjezera zambiri kapena kusintha kwamanja kuti ikhale yopindulitsa kwenikweni.

Kwa iwo omwe amagwira ntchito ndi ma monitor angapo, omwe amafunikira matailosi a zenera, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma container kapena virtualization, kapena omwe amangofuna malo omwe salephera kusintha, COSMIC imadziwonetsa ngati njira yoti muganizire poyerekeza ndi ma desktops achikhalidwe. Yofalitsidwa ngati pulogalamu yaulere komanso yofananaZimasiya khomo lotseguka kwa mapulojekiti ena m'derali kuti agwiritse ntchito, kusintha, kapena kupanga mitundu yawoyawo.

Poyang'ana mtsogolo, funso lalikulu ndilakuti kodi pulojekitiyi idzasintha bwanji: ngati idzatha kumanga gulu lalikulu la opanga mapulogalamu ndi othandizira, ndipo nchiyani liwiro la luso Sizikudziwika ngati System76 idzasungidwa komanso momwe magawidwe ena adzagwirizanitsire COSMIC ngati njira yovomerezeka. Chomwe chikuwoneka bwino ndichakuti, ndi Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS, kampaniyo yakhazikitsa maziko a malo ake apakompyuta ndi cholinga chokhala ndi moyo wautali.

Ndi mtundu uwu, Pop!_OS yasintha kuchoka pa kukhala "Ubuntu wokhala ndi zosintha" kupita ku kukhala lingaliro losiyana kwambiri, kuphatikiza maziko olimba a LTS, desktop yamakono yolembedwa mu Rust, ndi zida zopangidwa kuti zigwiritse ntchito bwino zida zamakono.Ili ndi mbali zina zovuta kuti iyendetse bwino, koma kusintha kwa mibadwo komwe COSMIC ikuyimira kukuwonetsa momveka bwino kuti System76 siikukhutira kutsatira mapazi a makompyuta ena: ikufuna kupanga njira yakeyake mkati mwa chilengedwe cha Linux.

Nkhani yofanana:

Momwe mungakonzere PC yomwe imayatsa koma osawonetsa chithunzi: kalozera wathunthu

Alberto Navarro

Ndine wokonda zaukadaulo yemwe wasandutsa zokonda zake za "geek" kukhala ntchito. Ndakhala zaka zoposa 10 za moyo wanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wotsogola komanso kusewera ndi mitundu yonse yamapulogalamu chifukwa cha chidwi chenicheni. Panopa ndaphunzira luso la pakompyuta komanso masewera a pakompyuta. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kwa zaka zoposa 5 ndakhala ndikulembera mawebusaiti osiyanasiyana pa teknoloji ndi masewera a pakompyuta, ndikupanga nkhani zomwe zimafuna kukupatsani zambiri zomwe mukufunikira m'chinenero chomwe chimamveka kwa aliyense.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso, chidziwitso changa chimachokera ku chilichonse chokhudzana ndi makina opangira Windows komanso Android pama foni am'manja. Ndipo kudzipereka kwanga ndi kwa inu, nthawi zonse ndimakhala wokonzeka kuthera mphindi zochepa ndikukuthandizani kuthetsa mafunso aliwonse omwe mungakhale nawo pa intaneti.