Kodi zigawo za boardboard ndi chiyani?

Kudziwa zigawo za bolodi la mavabodi ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito ndizothandiza kwambiri pomanga kompyuta kapena kusintha zida za hardware. Izi zimadziwikanso kuti boardboard, ndi Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza mbali zina zonse za zipangizo. M'nkhaniyi tiwona mbali iliyonse yomwe imapanga bolodi la amayi ndi ntchito yake.

Zigawo zazikulu za bolodi

Pamene tikufufuza za kompyuta hardware, timapeza gawo lofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake: boardboard. Izi Integrated dera khadi ndi udindo kulumikiza ndi kulola kulankhulana pakati pa zigawo zina zonse za dongosolo. Imadziwikanso kuti boardboard, ndipo ndiye chinthu chachikulu komanso chofunikira kwambiri pakompyuta iliyonse.

Titha kulingalira za boardboard ngati a nsanja yapakati pomwe zidutswa zina za Hardware zimalumikizidwa. Purosesa, kukumbukira, magawo osungira, makhadi okulitsa ndi zotumphukira zina zimayikidwa pamenepo. Popanda bolodi la mavabodi, zigawo zake sizingagwirizane bwino.

Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera kudziwika kuti Mphamvu ndi malire ambiri a kompyuta amatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe a bolodilo. Mwachitsanzo, mavabodi amapangidwa kuti azigwirizana ndi mitundu ina ya mapurosesa. Momwemonso, amathandizira mtundu wina ndipo amatha kuthandizira kuchuluka kwa RAM.

Chiwerengero cha zolumikizira (zamkati ndi zakunja) komanso zosankha zowonjezera zimatsimikiziridwa ndi bolodi. Chifukwa chake, posankha bolodi lamayi muyenera kuwunika mosamalitsa zomwe mukufuna komanso zamtsogolo. Mwanjira iyi, zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kompyuta imatha kusinthika ndikusintha kuzinthu zatsopano ndi matekinoloje.

processor socket

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pa bolodi la amayi ndi socket ya processor, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti socket. Chipinda ichi ndi pomwe purosesa kapena CPU imayikidwa. kotero kuti imalumikizana ndi boardboard. Monga mukudziwira kale, CPU (Central Processing Unit) ndiye ubongo weniweni wa kompyuta, womwe uli ndi udindo wopereka malangizo onse.

Monga tanenera kale, Ma board a amayi adapangidwa kuti azigwirizana ndi mitundu ina ya mapurosesa. Mwachitsanzo, mavabodi ASUS ROG Strix Z690-E Ili ndi socket ya LGA 1700 yomwe imagwirizana ndi 12th generation Intel processors monga i9-12900K.

Kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zimachitika mkati mwa CPU zimapangitsa kuti chinthu ichi chitenthe. Ndichifukwa chake, Soketi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi njira yozizira, zomwe zingaphatikizepo mafani, ma heatsinks, ndi zishango za kutentha. Makhadi azithunzi ndi zida zina za boardboard nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi njira yozizirira.

Memory mipata

Pafupi ndi socket pali malo okumbukira, china mwazinthu zazikulu za bolodi. Zokumbukira za RAM zimayikidwa m'malo awa., yomwe ili ndi udindo wosunga kwakanthawi kuti zithandizire kukonza magwiridwe antchito a zida. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa kukumbukira, kumachulukirachulukira kwa RAM yomwe ingayikidwe, mpaka malire omwe wopanga amapanga.

Malo awa ali ndi mawonekedwe opyapyala, otalikirapo, okhala ndi makina otsekera kuti asunge kukumbukira. Kapangidwe ka slot kumatsimikizira mtundu wa kukumbukira komwe kungayikidwe (DDR3, DDR4, DDR5), zomwe zimakhudzanso kuthamanga ndi mphamvu ya dongosolo lonse.

Chipset pakati pa zigawo za boardboard

Ngakhale siziwoneka bwino kuposa zida zina za boardboard, chipset ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri. Ndi a seti ya tchipisi kapena mabwalo apakompyuta omwe amathandiza purosesa, kukumbukira, ndi zigawo zina pakusamutsa zidziwitso. Pamodzi, tchipisi izi zimagwira ntchito ngati purosesa yophatikizidwa mu boardboard.

Chipset lagawidwa magawo awiri: Northbridge (North Bridge) ndi Southbridge (South Bridge). Gawo loyamba limayang'anira kulumikizana pakati pa CPU, RAM ndi khadi yazithunzi. Kwa mbali yake, mlatho wakumwera umayendetsa kulumikizana ndi zotumphukira zina ndi magawo osungira.

Malo owonjezera

Mipata yowonjezera ndi yofanana ndi malo okumbukira, koma amapangidwira lowetsani makhadi okulitsa (zojambula, mawu, maukonde, etc.). Malo awa amadziwika kuti PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) kapena Express Interconnection Peripheral Component.

Ma boardboard onse apakompyuta ali ndi mipata ya PCIe, koma izi sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. Ma boardards ali kale ndi zithunzi zophatikizika, zomveka komanso zida zamaneti. Komabe, iwo omwe akufunika kuwonjezera izi, monga osewera kapena opanga, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mipata kuwonjezera makhadi okulitsa.

Izi zigawo za motherboard Amabwera m'miyeso yosiyana komanso mavoti othamangax1, x2, x4, x8, x16. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi bandwidth yosiyana, yokhala ndi mayendedwe ambiri omwe ali ndi bandwidth yayikulu.

Zolumikizira zosungira

M'zigawo za boardboard muli zolumikizira zosungirako, monga SATA (Seri ATA) ndi madoko a M.2. Madoko a SATA amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza ma drive osungira: Ma hard drive, solid state drive ndi owerenga owonera. Kwa iwo, malo otsetsereka a M.2 adapangidwa kuti aziyika ma SSD osungira, ofanana ndi ma drive olimba koma mwachangu kwambiri.

Zolumikizira mphamvu

Popanda zolumikizira mphamvu, palibe chilichonse pa bolodi la mama chomwe chingagwire ntchito. Zolumikizira izi Iwo ali ndi udindo wolandira magetsi kuchokera ku gwero la mphamvu. Iwo ali ndi mapangidwe apadera komanso osiyana kuti apangitse kukhala osavuta komanso omveka momwe angathere kuti azindikire ndikupanga maulumikizidwe opanda zolakwika.

Cholumikizira chachikulu pamabodi a mavabodi nthawi zambiri chimakhala 24-pini ATX, yomwe imanyamula ma voltages a 3.5v, 5v ndi 12v. Palinso ma zolumikizira zothandizira, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula mphamvu kupita kuzinthu zina, monga CPU. Madoko ena ndi pafupi ndi mipata yowonjezera ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsa mphamvu makadi ojambula odzipereka ndi zina zowonjezera.

Madoko akunja a boardboard

Madoko akunja ndi zonse zolumikizira zakunja za boardboard, kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo. Zimaphatikizapo madoko olowera / zotulutsa monga madoko a USB, Efaneti, zotulutsa zomvera, HDMI, DisplayPort ndi ena. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza mitundu yonse ya zotumphukira, kuchokera ku kiyibodi ndi mbewa kupita kumagalimoto osungira kunja ndi zina zambiri.