Upangiri wathunthu pakukhazikitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito Vagrant pa Hyper-V mkati Windows 11

 

Zolowetsa, Konzani malo enieni mwachangu komanso mwadongosolo mu Windows Zikuwoneka ngati ntchito yovuta. Mwamwayi, tili ndi zida ngati Vagrant pa Hyper-V kuti zitheke. Ndipo ngakhale kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi VirtualBox, imagwirizananso kwathunthu ndi ukadaulo uwu womwe waphatikizidwa kale m'mitundu yambiri ya Windows.

Ngakhale zili choncho, kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza Wachilendo mu Hyper-V sizophweka monga zikuwonekera. Pali masitepe ofunika ndi zodziwika bwino za Microsoft virtualization provider zomwe muyenera kudziwa. M'nkhaniyi, tikukupatsani zonse zomwe mungafune kuti mutsegule madera omwe mukutsatira ndondomekoyi popanda vuto lililonse.

Kodi Vagrant ndi chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani mumagwiritsa ntchito Hyper-V?

Wachilendo Ndi chida chowonekera zomwe zimalola pangani malo opangidwanso komanso osunthika kudzera pamafayilo osavuta osinthira. Amapangidwira opanga, oyang'anira makina, kapena aliyense amene amafunikira malo osasinthika pamakompyuta onse, mothandizidwa ndi machitidwe angapo.

Koma, Hyper-V ndi mbadwa ya Microsoft hypervisor, yophatikizidwa m'mitundu ya Professional, Enterprise, ndi Education ya Windows 8.1 ndi mtsogolo. Imapereka magwiridwe antchito komanso kukhazikika, makamaka zothandiza pamene ma hypervisors ena monga mikangano ya VirtualBox m'malo amakono a Windows.

Chimodzi mwazifukwa zodziwika bwino zopangira Hyper-V m'malo mwa VirtualBox ndikuti zinthu zina, monga Zoyeserera za Docker kapena WSL2 (Windows Subsystem ya Linux), imafuna kuti Hyper-V iyambitsidwe. Izi zimapanga zosagwirizana ndi VirtualBox, kupanga Hyper-V yankho lokhalo lovomerezeka ngati sitikufuna kuyambitsa ndikuyimitsa ntchito.

Kuyika Vagrant ndi Kuthandizira Hyper-V

Musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito Vagrant pa Hyper-V, Onetsetsani kuti kompyuta yanu yayatsidwa ndi Hyper-V. Samalani, chifukwa nthawi zambiri sichimathandizidwa mwachisawawa. Mutha kuchita izi pamanja kuchokera pagawo la "Yatsani mawonekedwe a Windows" kapena ndi lamulo ili mu PowerShell (monga woyang'anira):

Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Hyper-V-All

Pambuyo pochita lamuloli, kuyambitsanso kompyuta ndikofunikira Kusintha kuti kuchitike.

Mofananamo, muyenera Tsitsani ndikuyika Vagrant kuchokera patsamba lovomerezeka. The installer imaphatikizapo zonse zomwe mukufunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito lamulo vagrant mwachindunji kuchokera ku terminal iliyonse.

Mukayika, mutha kutsimikizira kuti zonse zili zolondola poyendetsa zotsatirazi mu terminal:

vagrant --version

Lamuloli liyenera kubwezeretsanso mtundu womwe wayikidwa, mwachitsanzo Kuthamanga 2.4.0.

Gawo 1: Konzani malo oyambira

Vagrant imachokera pa "mabokosi", omwe ndi zithunzi zoyambira zamakina omwe adayikidwa kale. Izi zimatsitsidwa zokha kuchokera pagulu la anthu lomwe limadziwika kuti Vagrant Cloud. Kuti muyambe, muyenera kupanga chikwatu komwe mungagwire ntchito yanu. Mwachitsanzo:

mkdir mi_proyecto_vagrant
cd mi_proyecto_vagrant
vagrant init generic/alpine36

Lamulo ili adzapanga fayilo yotchedwa Vagrantfile apa ndipamene makonzedwe onse a makina enieni amakhala. Mkati mwake mudzafunika kusintha magawo ena kuti mugwiritse ntchito Hyper-V.

Kusintha kwa Wopereka Hyper-V

Mwachinsinsi, Vagrant ayesa kugwiritsa ntchito VirtualBox ngati wothandizira. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito Hyper-V, mutha kufotokoza izi nthawi iliyonse ndikuthamanga:

vagrant up --provider=hyperv

Kapena, ikani Hyper-V ngati wopereka wokhazikika pokhazikitsa kusintha kwa chilengedwe:

$env:VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER="hyperv"

Izi zitha kuchitika kuchokera ku PowerShell kapena mwachindunji pazosintha zamakina anu.

M'kati mwa Vagrantfile, Ndibwino kuti mutchule woperekayo ndi zoikamo zapadera. Chitsanzo choyambirira chingakhale:

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.vm.box = "generic/alpine36"
  config.vm.provider "hyperv" do |h|
    h.vmname = "mi_vm_hyperv"
    h.memory = 2048
    h.cpus = 2
  end
end

Ma parameter awa amakulolani kuti mugawane RAM, kuchuluka kwa ma cores, ndi dzina lomwe makinawo adzakhala nawo mu Hyper-V.

Ma network ndi kulumikizana mu Hyper-V

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofooka za Hyper-V mu Vagrant ndikuti sichimangosintha maukonde. Pazifukwa izi, muyenera kusankha pamanja vSwitch yokhala ndi kulumikizana kwakunja komwe kudapangidwa kale mu Hyper-V.

Kuti mugwirizanitse netiweki yachinsinsi kapena kusankha vSwitch inayake, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito:

config.vm.network "private_network", bridge: "NombreDelvSwitch"

Chonde dziwani kuti Hyper-V sikukulolani kuti musinthe ma IP okhazikika kuchokera ku Vagrant., kotero iwo ayenera kukhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zolemba kapena pakusintha makonda opangira alendo.

 

Kufikira pamakina: SSH ndi zida zina

Ngakhale zitha kuwoneka kuti SSH singagwiritsidwe ntchito pa Windows, Vagrant imaphatikizapo kasitomala wa SSH womangidwa, kotero mutha kuyipeza popanda kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu owonjezera.

Lowani ndi:

vagrant ssh

Mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito PuTTY, koma zikatero mudzafunika Sinthani kiyi yachinsinsi yopangidwa ndi Vagrant kukhala mtundu wa PPK (ndi PuTTYgen), chifukwa sichimathandizidwa mwachindunji. Kiyiyo ili pa:

.vagrant/machines/default/hyperv/private_key

Izi zikuthandizani kuti mulumikizane pamanja kuchokera kwa kasitomala aliyense wa SSH yemwe mungakonde.

Kukonzekera ndi scripts

Chimodzi mwazabwino kwambiri za Vagrant ndikuthandizira kwake kuperekedwa kwadzidzidzi, chifukwa cha zolemba. Mutha kuyambitsa zolemba za shell kuti muyikenso:

config.vm.provision "shell", path: "bootstrap.sh"

Mkati mwa fayilo bootstrap.sh Mutha kuphatikiza malangizo monga:

apk update
apk add git

Izi zitha nthawi yoyamba VM idapangidwa. Ngati mukufuna kuyikanso zolemba pambuyo pake, mutha kuchita izi:

vagrant reload --provision

Kugwira ntchito ndi makina ambiri

Vagrant imakupatsani mwayi wowongolera makina opitilira m'modzi kuchokera pafayilo imodzi. Izi ndizothandiza pama lab kapena magulu a seva. Kukonzekera kokhazikika kwa labu kungaphatikizepo matanthauzo angapo:

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.vm.define "master" do |master|
    master.vm.box = "bento/ubuntu-20.04"
    master.vm.hostname = "master"
    master.vm.network :private_network, ip: "10.0.0.10"
  end

  (1..2).each do |i|
    config.vm.define "node#{i}" do |node|
      node.vm.box = "bento/ubuntu-20.04"
      node.vm.hostname = "node#{i}"
      node.vm.network :private_network, ip: "10.0.0.#{i + 10}"
    end
  end

  config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
    apt-get update
    apt-get install -y avahi-daemon libnss-mdns
  SHELL
end

Izi zimathandiza makina kuzindikirana ndi mayina monga node1.local o mbuye.wako chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mDNS.

Malangizo Ogwira Ntchito ndi Ogwirizana

Kuchita kwa Vagrant pa Hyper-V nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwabwino, koma zimatengera:

• Mphamvu ya gulu lanu lolandira (RAM, CPU, mtundu wa disk).
• Chithunzi choyambira chomwe chagwiritsidwa ntchito (bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mabokosi okometsedwa).
• Chiwerengero cha makina omwe akugwira ntchito nthawi imodzi.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito ma disk osiyanasiyana komanso kupereka kocheperako.

Chizoloŵezi chodziwika bwino cholembera malo angapo ndikupanga a bokosi lamunthu zomwe zikuphatikiza kale magulu anu onse: zida, ntchito, njira, ndi zina zambiri. Izi zimapewa kuyikanso zomwezo nthawi iliyonse.

Kugwiritsa ntchito Vagrant pa Hyper-V pa Windows ndikotheka, ngakhale ndi zofooka zina zomwe zingathetsedwe ndi kusintha kochepa. Hyper-V imapereka mphamvu komanso kugwirizana ndi matekinoloje amakono a Microsoft, pomwe Vagrant imathandizira kuti zizichitika zokha komanso kusuntha kwachitukuko.