Gawo #: HC-SR04 ndi dzina la mmodzi wa otchuka akupanga masensa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza mtunda kudzera pakutulutsa kwa mafunde amphamvu kwambiri. Mu positi iyi tikufotokoza tsatanetsatane wa ntchito yake.
Ndi chitsanzo chomwe chimapezeka kupezeka m'mapulojekiti ambiri opangidwa kudzera pa nsanja yotseguka yamagetsi ya Arduino. Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimafotokozera kupambana kwake: mphamvu zake zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndizochepa (ndicho chifukwa chake ndi sensor yabwino pazida zoyendetsedwa ndi batri), yosavuta kulumikizana komanso yotsika mtengo.
Momwe ma ultrasonic sensors amagwirira ntchito
Kuti mumvetsetse momwe HC-SR04 sensor imagwirira ntchito, muyenera kudziwa kaye ndi ma ultrasonic sensors (omwe amadziwikanso kuti ultrasonic sensors). Awa ndi ma proximity detectors omwe amatha kuzindikira zinthu zakutali.
Kwenikweni, zomwe sensa imachita ndikutulutsa phokoso ndikuyesa nthawi yomwe imatengera chizindikiro chomwe chatulutsidwa kuti chigunde chinthu ndikubwerera. Mafunde otulutsidwa amatchedwa "trigger" mu jargon yaukadaulo, pomwe mafunde owonekera amatchedwa "echo."
Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wochita a kuwerengetsera mtunda ndi mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri wolondola. Mwanjira iyi, masensa ngati HC-SR04 amatha kuzindikira zinthu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kaya zolimba kapena zamadzimadzi.
Zodabwitsa digiri ya kulondola kwa akupanga masensa ndi chifukwa mbali yaikulu kwa kuphunzira ntchito zomwe nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza. Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti mtundu uwu wa masensa amangopereka zotsatira zodalirika m'madera okhala ndi kukhalapo kwa mpweya. Sangagwire ntchito popanda kanthu, chifukwa mawu amafunikira njira yofalitsira.
Chimodzi mwa zofooka za masensa awa ndikuti sangathe kuchita chilichonse motsutsana nawo madera akhungu, ndiko kuti, mipata pakati pa gawo lovutirapo la chojambulira ndi kuchuluka kochepa.
Chifukwa chiyani sitingathe kumva ma ultrasound? El khutu la munthu Imangotha kuzindikira mafunde a mawu omwe amanjenjemera mosiyanasiyana nthawi pafupifupi 20 mpaka 20.000 pa sekondi iliyonse. Komabe, ma ultrasound amakhala ndi ma frequency opitilira 20 Hz, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisamveke kwa ife.
Zambiri za HC-SR04
HC-SR04 akupanga mtunda sensa Amapangidwa ndi awiri akupanga transducers. Yoyamba imagwira ntchito ngati transmitter ndipo yachiwiri ngati wolandila. Iye kutumiza chipangizo Amasintha chizindikiro chamagetsi kukhala 40 kHz ultrasonic sound pulses. Kwa iye, a kulandira chipangizo "Imamvera" kumayendedwe opatsirana ndikupanga kugunda komwe m'lifupi mwake ndi kolingana ndi mtunda wa chinthu chomwe chizindikirocho chadumpha.
Chipangizochi chili ndi mapini anayi:
- VCC, popereka mphamvu ku HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor (mu a Arduino, ikhoza kulumikizidwa ndi kutulutsa kwa 5V).
- Sakani (Sakanizani kapena trigger), kuyatsa mayendedwe a ultrasonic sound.
- Echo. Pini iyi imakhala YAM'MBUYO mpaka sensa ikalandira echo, pambuyo pake imatsika.
- GND kapena pini yapansi.
Sensa iyi imapereka kudalirika kwakukulu pakati pa 2 cm ndi 40 mamita. Tikulankhula za malire a cholakwika cha 3 mm. Chowonadi ndi chakuti sizoyipa konse.
Pamtunda wautali, kulondola kwake kumachepa pang'onopang'ono, pomwe patali ndi 2 cm vuto lomwe tidatchulapo kale la madera akufa limawonekera. Kulondola kungakhalenso kotsika m'malo okhala ndi kutentha kwambiri kapena chinyezi chambiri.
Chinthu china chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mukamagwira ntchito ndi 5V, imatha kulumikizidwa mwachindunji popanda zovuta kwa Arduino kapena logic ina iliyonse yofananira. Komanso m'lingaliro ili, miyeso yaying'ono iyenera kuyamikiridwa: 45 x 20 x 15 mm.
Kuwerengera ntchito ndi mtunda
Umu ndi momwe HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor imagwirira ntchito, yofotokozedwa mophweka:
- The emitter kapena Trigger imafalitsa kuphulika kwa akupanga kwa ma pulses asanu ndi atatu pa 40 kHz (Pali zisanu ndi zitatu kuti zikhale zosavuta kusiyanitsa mayendedwe opatsirana ndi phokoso lozungulira).
- Pambuyo poulutsa, pini ya echo imapita ku HIGH kuyambitsa chizindikiro cha echo.
- Pamene chonyezimira chizindikiro ikabwerera, pini ya echo imatsika.
(*) Ngati chizindikirocho sichikumana ndi zopinga zilizonse mkati mwa sensa, palibe echo yomwe idzalandilidwe.
Kuchokera pa data yomwe imapangidwa kudzera mu kutulutsa kwa siginecha ndi echo yake, gawo lowongolera la HC-SR04 limatha kuwerengera mtunda. Kwenikweni, ndizosavuta monga gwiritsani ntchito njira yosavuta ya physics kuti tonse tinaphunzitsidwa m’zaka zathu za sukulu (onani chithunzi pamwambapa).
Pomaliza
HC-SR04 akupanga sensa ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yama projekiti opangidwa ndi Arduino omwe amayesa kuyeza mtunda ndi kuzindikira zinthu. Katundu wake wamkulu ndi ntchito yake, yosavuta koma yothandiza (malinga ngati tikukamba za mtunda waufupi), komanso mtengo wake, pafupifupi 10-12 mayuro.
Mkonzi wokhazikika pazaukadaulo komanso nkhani zapaintaneti yemwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira khumi pazama media osiyanasiyana. Ndagwira ntchito ngati mkonzi komanso wopanga zinthu pa e-commerce, kulumikizana, kutsatsa pa intaneti ndi makampani otsatsa. Ndalembanso pamawebusayiti azachuma, azachuma ndi magawo ena. Ntchito yanga ndi chidwi changanso. Tsopano, kudzera mu zolemba zanga mu Tecnobits, Ndimayesetsa kufufuza nkhani zonse ndi mwayi watsopano umene dziko laukadaulo limatipatsa tsiku lililonse kuti tisinthe miyoyo yathu.