Momwe mungayikitsire CUDA pa Windows popanda zolakwika: chiwongolero chaopanga ndi opanga

Kuyika CUDA pa Windows Sikuyenera kukhala mutu ngati mukudziwa komwe mungayambire ndi zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana pa sitepe iliyonse. M'nkhaniyi ndikuwongolera m'njira yothandiza, ndi ma nuances onse ogwirizana, kuyika, kutsimikizira ndi kuthetseratu mavuto wamba kuti muwonetsetse kuti zida zogwirira ntchito zimagwira ntchito bwino pakompyuta yanu koyamba.

Kuphatikiza pa kuyika zida zapamwamba pa Windows, muwonanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito CUDA ndi WSL, kuyiyika ndi Conda kapena pip, phatikizani zitsanzo ndi Visual Studio, ndikumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyendetsa NVIDIA pa Windows. Zambiri ndi zogwirizana komanso zatsopano. Kutengera maupangiri ovomerezeka ndi zochitika zenizeni zomwe zingakuchitikireni, monga laputopu yokhala ndi hybrid AMD iGPU + NVIDIA dGPU GPU.

Kodi CUDA ndi chiyani ndipo imapereka chiyani mu Windows?

CUDA Ndi nsanja yofananira ya NVIDIA ndi mtundu womwe umalola fulumizitsa ntchito ndi GPUKuchokera ku AI ndi sayansi ya data mpaka kuyerekezera ndi kukonza zithunzi. Pamlingo wothandiza, kukhazikitsa CUDA Toolkit pa Windows kumakupatsani compiler ya nvcc, nthawi yothamanga, malaibulale monga cuBLAS, cuFFT, cuRAND, ndi cuSOLVER, zida zosinthira ndi mbiri, ndi zitsanzo zokonzeka kupanga.

Mapangidwe a CUDA amapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kusakaniza CPU ndi GPU mu pulogalamu yomweyo: magawo mndandanda mu purosesa ndi magawo ofanana pa GPU, omwe amapereka mazana kapena masauzande a ulusi womwe ukuyenda mofanana. Chifukwa chogawana nawo pa-chip kukumbukira komanso malaibulale okhathamiritsa, ntchito kudumpha Nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pansi pa katundu wambiri.

Kugwirizana kwa System ndi compiler mu Windows

Musanagwiritse ntchito installer, m'pofunika kufufuza kugwirizana. Windows yogwirizana Zomasulira zaposachedwa za zidazi zikuphatikizapo: Windows 11 24H2, 23H2 ndi 22H2-SV2; Windows 10 22H2; ndi Windows Server 2022 ndi 2025.

Mu compilers, chithandizo chodziwika chimaphatikizapo MSVC 193x yokhala ndi Visual Studio 2022 17.x ndi MSVC 192x yokhala ndi Visual Studio 2019 16.x, yokhala ndi zilankhulo za C+++11, C++14, C++17, ndi C++20 (malingana ndi mtunduwo). Visual Studio 2015 idachotsedwa ku CUDA 11.1; VS 2017 idachotsedwa mu 12.5 ndikuchotsedwa mu 13.0. Yang'anani ndondomeko yeniyeni ya mtundu wanu kupewa zodabwitsa.

Zofunikira pama projekiti omwe adabadwa kale: Kuyambira ndi CUDA 12.0, kuphatikiza kwa 32-bit kumachotsedwa, ndipo kuphatikizika kwa 32-bit x86 binaries pamakina a x64 kumangokhala driver, quart ndi masamu pa GeForce GPUs mpaka mamangidwe a Ada; Hopper sichithanso 32 bits.

Sankhani ndi kukhazikitsa Toolkit pa Windows

Tsitsani okhazikitsa kuchokera patsamba lovomerezeka la NVIDIA CUDA. Mutha kusankha Network Installer (kutsitsa kochepa komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito intaneti kwa ena onse) kapena Full Installer (zonse mu phukusi limodzi, zothandiza makina opanda netiweki kapena kutumizidwa kwa mabizinesi). Mukatsitsa, tsimikizirani kukhulupirika ndi cheke (monga MD5) kuti mupewe ziphuphu.

Yambitsani graphical installer ndikutsatira njira zowonekera. Werengani Zolemba Zotulutsidwa za mtundu wanu chifukwa imafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zosintha, zogwirizana zenizeni, ndi machenjezo ovuta. Kuyambira ndi CUDA 13, Toolkit installer sichikuphatikizapo dalaivala. Dalaivala ya NVIDIA imayikidwa padera. kuchokera patsamba lofananira la madalaivala.

Kukhazikitsa mwakachetechete ndi kusankha chigawo

Ngati mukufuna kuyika mwakachetechete, woyikirayo amavomereza mawonekedwe ocheperako ndi -s njira ndikulola sankhani matumba ang'onoang'ono ndi dzina m'malo moyika chilichonse. Muthanso kupewa kuyambiranso ndi -n. Granularity iyi ndiyothandiza pakukonza malo omangira ndikuchepetsa kuponda kwanu.

Pakati pa subpackages wamba mudzapeza zinthu monga nvcc, cudart, cuBLAS, cuFFT, cuRAND, cuSOLVER, cuSPARSENsight Compute, Nsight Systems, Visual Studio integration, NVRTC, NVTX, NVJitLink, denglers, ndi zofunikira monga cuobjdump kapena nvdisasm. Ngati mupanga kupanga ndi mbiri, sankhani zida za NsightNgati mukungoyiyendetsa, nthawi yothamanga ikhoza kukhala yokwanira.

Chotsani choyikira ndikuwunikanso zomwe zili

Pakuwunika kapena kuyika kwamakampani, choyika chonsecho chikhoza kuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zothandizira LZMA monga 7-Zip kapena WinZip. Mupeza mtengo wa CUDAToolkit ndi ma module Mafayilo ophatikizira a Visual Studio amayikidwa m'mafoda osiyana. Mafayilo a .dll ndi .nvi omwe ali m'mafodawo sali mbali ya zomwe zingatheke.

Ikani CUDA pa Windows ndi Conda

Ngati mukufuna kuyang'anira chilengedwe ndi Conda, NVIDIA imasindikiza phukusi pa anaconda.org/nvidia. Kukhazikitsa kofunikira kwa Toolkit Zachitika ndi lamulo limodzi, `conda install`, ndipo muthanso kukonza zomasulira zam'mbuyomu powonjezera tag ya `release`, mwachitsanzo, kutseka mu mtundu 11.3.1. osasiya Ndizolunjika basi.

Ikani CUDA kudzera pa pip (mawilo)

NVIDIA imapereka mawilo a Python omwe amayang'ana nthawi yothamanga ya CUDA ya Windows. Amapangidwira makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito CUDA ndi Python ndipo saphatikiza zida zonse zachitukuko. Choyamba, ikani nvidia-pyindex kuti pip adziwe NVIDIA NGC index, ndipo onetsetsani kuti muli ndi pip ndi setuptools zosinthidwa kuti mupewe zolakwika. Ndiye kukhazikitsa metapackages zomwe mukufuna, monga nvidia-cuda-runtime-cu12 kapena nvidia-cublas-cu12.

Ma metapackage awa amayang'ana phukusi lapadera monga nvidia-cublas-cu129, nvidia-cuda-nvrtc-cu129, nvidia-npp-cu129, ndi ena. Kumbukirani kuti chilengedwe chimayendetsedwa ndi pip.Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito CUDA kunja kwa virtualenv, muyenera kusintha njira zamakina ndi zosinthika kuti zigwirizane bwino.

Tsimikizirani kukhazikitsa pa Windows

Tsegulani mwachangu ndikuyendetsa nvcc -V kuti mutsimikizire mtundu wake. Tsatirani Zitsanzo za CUDA Tsitsani zitsanzo kuchokera ku GitHub ndikuziphatikiza ndi Visual Studio. Thamangani chipangizoQuery ndi bandwidthTest: ngati pali kulumikizana bwino ndi GPU, mudzawona chipangizocho chazindikirika kukhoza mayeso Palibe zolakwika. Ngati chipangizoQuery sichipeza zida, yang'anani dalaivala komanso kuti GPU ikuwoneka pamakina.

WSL ndi CUDA mathamangitsidwe

Windows 11 ndi mitundu yaposachedwa ya Windows 10 kuthandizira kuyendetsa CUDA-imathandizira ML makonda ndi zida mkati mwa WSL, kuphatikiza PyTorch, TensorFlow ndi Docker Pogwiritsa ntchito NVIDIA Container Toolkit, yambitsani dalaivala wothandizidwa ndi CUDA mu WSL, kenako yambitsani WSL ndikuyika kugawa kwa glibc monga Ubuntu kapena Debian.

Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi WSL kernel yosinthidwa (osachepera 5.10.43.3). Onani ndi Gwiritsani ntchito `wsl cat /proc/version` kuchokera ku PowerShell. Kenako tsatirani kalozera wa ogwiritsa ntchito a CUDA mu WSL kuti muyike malaibulale ndi zotengera ndikuyamba kuyendetsa ntchito yanu ya Linux pa Windows osasiya malo anu.

Chotsani CUDA pa Windows

Pambuyo kukhazikitsa CUDA pa Windows, kodi mukufuna kubwereranso ku mtundu wakale? Mapaketi onse ang'onoang'ono atha kubwezeredwa. Chotsani ku Control Panel Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mapulogalamu ndi Zinthu. Ngati mumayang'anira zida ndi Conda kapena pip, gwiritsani ntchito njira zochotsera manejala aliyense kuti musasiye zotsalira zilizonse.

Zolemba zofananira

CUDA 11.8 inali yotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake komanso chithandizo cha chilengedwe. Zofunikira zenizeni Kwa 11.8: GPU yokhala ndi Compute Capability 3.0 kapena kupitilira apo, 64-bit, osachepera 8 GB ya RAM komanso kukumbukira 4 GB ya GPU. Pa Linux, imaphatikizana bwino ndi magawo monga Ubuntu 18.04/20.04, RHEL/CentOS 7/8, etc.

CUDA 12.x imayambitsa kukonzanso kwa nthawi yothamanga ndi laibulale ndikukankhira kudalira kwa madalaivala aposachedwaCUDA 13 imalekanitsa dalaivala kuchokera ku Toolkit installer: kumbukirani kukhazikitsa dalaivala nokha. Kumveketsa bwinoCUDA ndi luso NVIDIA ndipo amafuna NVIDIA GPUs; ngati muwona paliponse kuti ikugwirizananso ndi AMD GPUs, sizolondola pamtengo wa CUDA.

Kuyika CUDA pa Windows: Kuthetsa Mavuto Odziwika

• Woyikayo akulephera kapena samaliza ntchitoyo.Yang'anani zolemba zoyika ndikutsimikizirani antivayirasi yanu, malo a disk, ndi zilolezo za admin. Yesaninso ndi Full Installer ngati netiweki ili yosakhazikika, kapena ili chete ngati pali mikangano ya UI.
• deviceQuery sichizindikira GPUOnetsetsani kuti dalaivala ndi wolondola, kuti GPU ikugwira ntchito, komanso kuti pulogalamuyi ikugwiritsa ntchito dGPU. Sinthani dalaivala ndikukhazikitsanso Toolkit ngati kuli kofunikira.
• Kusamvana ndi malo ogulitsa mabukuNgati muli ndi zida zingapo zoyika, tsimikizirani CUDA_PATH ndi PATH. Mu Python, onetsetsani kuti mitundu ya PyTorch kapena TensorFlow ndi masinthidwe ake amagwirizana ndi mtundu wanu wa CUDA/cuDNN.
• Visual Studio sipanga .cuOnjezani CUDA Pangani Zokonda ku projekiti yanu ndikulemba mafayilo a .cu ngati CUDA C/C++. Onetsetsani kuti MSVC ikugwirizana ndi zida zanu.

Zida, zitsanzo ndi zolemba

Kuphatikiza pa nvcc ndi malaibulale, Chida chokhazikitsa CUDA pa Windows chimaphatikizapo mbiri ndi zowunikira monga Nsight Systems ndi Nsight Compute, ndi zolemba za HTML/PDF za chilankhulo cha CUDA C ++ ndi machitidwe abwinokoZitsanzo zovomerezeka zili pa GitHub ndipo ndi maziko abwino otsimikizira oyendetsa, kukumbukira kukumbukira, ndi ma multiprocessors.

Nthawi yoti mugwiritse ntchito Conda kapena pip motsutsana ndi oyikira akale

Conda ndi pip ndizabwino mukangoyang'ana pakugwiritsa ntchito ma ML omwe amadalira kale phukusi logwirizana ndi mitundu ina ya CUDA. UbwinoKudzipatula kwa chilengedwe komanso kukangana kochepa. Zoyipa: Pachitukuko chaku C++ kapena kuphatikiza kwathunthu ndi VS, oyika zida zapamwamba za Toolkit amapereka zida zonse ndi chidziwitso chokwanira kwambiri.

Mafunso Ofulumira

• Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji ngati GPU yanga ikugwirizana ndi CUDA? Tsegulani Chipangizo Choyang'anira, pitani ku Ma adapter, ndikuyang'ana chitsanzo; yerekezerani ndi mndandanda wa NVIDIA wa CUDA GPUs. Mukhozanso kuthamanga nvidia-smi ndikutsimikizira izo GPU yanu ikuwoneka.
• Kodi ndingaphunzitse popanda CUDA? Inde, idzagwira ntchito pa CPU, koma idzakhala pang'onopang'ono. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito GPU ndi PyTorch kapena TensorFlow pa Windows, onetsetsani kuti mwayika zomanga zogwirizana ndi mtundu wanu wa CUDA kapena gwiritsani ntchito WSL yokhala ndi zotengera za NVIDIA.
• Mabaibulo akale enieniZida zina zimafunikira kuphatikiza ngati CUDA 10.1 yokhala ndi cuDNN 7.6.4. Zikatero, ikani matembenuzidwe enieniwo ndikuyika fayilo ya DLL ya cuDNN mu chikwatu cha bin cha zida zofananira, kupewa kukhala ndi ma cuDNN angapo nthawi imodzi.

Ngati mukuyang'ana kukhazikitsa CUDA pa Windows ndikufulumizitsa ntchito yanu ndi kalozera wathunthu, masitepe ndi malingaliro omwe ali pamwambapa akuthandizani kuti zonse zichitike. Zimakwanira ngati magolovesi. kuyambira pakumanga koyamba.