Kugawa kwa BSD Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana aukadaulo, makamaka kukhazikitsa ma seva kapena makina ochezera. Mwa machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito omwe alipo, tikhoza kunena kuti magawowa ndi osadziwika kwambiri. Komabe, apirira kwa zaka zambiri chifukwa amapereka ntchito zapamwamba, kukhazikika komanso chitetezo.
Mofanana ndi machitidwe ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito, Pali magawo osiyanasiyana a BSD kuti akwaniritse zosowa zilizonse zaukadaulo. Ena odziwika kwambiri ndi FreeBSD, NetBSD ndi OpenBSD. Iliyonse imapambana muzinthu monga magwiridwe antchito, kusuntha ndi chitetezo, mikhalidwe yomwe iyenera kuganiziridwa posankha kugawa bwino.
Kugawa kwabwino kwa BSD pazosowa zilizonse zaukadaulo
Pali zifukwa zambiri zogawira BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution) akadalipo kwambiri padziko lapansi pulogalamu yaulere. Machitidwe opangira awa ndi yochokera ku Unix system, monga Linux, macOS ndi mapulogalamu ena okhudzana nawo. Adabadwa kuchokera ku ntchito yomwe idachitika ku Yunivesite ya California, Berkeley, m'ma 1970s, ndipo maziko awo amakhala mtundu 4.2c wa Unix.
Chifukwa cha ake njira yolunjika pa chitetezo, kusinthasintha ndi kukhazikika, Kugawa kwa BSD kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kukwaniritsa zosowa zaukadaulo. Ndiwo zosankha zabwino kwambiri zotumizira ma seva, kumanga maukonde kapena kuchitidwa mumayendedwe ophatikizidwa. Pazifukwa zomwezo, makampani ndi mabungwe ambiri amawasankha m'malo awo opanga. Tiyeni tiwone odziwika kwambiri.
FreeBSD: Yodziwika kwambiri komanso yosunthika
Kuyambira kubadwa kwake mu 1993. FreeBSD Yakhala imodzi mwamagawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi BSD padziko lapansi. Ili ndi a gulu lalikulu ndi lachangu okonzeka kupereka chithandizo ndi chitsogozo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito novice. Pa intaneti mungapezenso zolemba zambiri zokhudzana ndi ntchito yake, ntchito zake ndi luso lake.
FreeBSD imawonekeranso kukhala n'zogwirizana ndi zosiyanasiyana hardware, yomwe imaphatikizapo zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi zomangamanga. Zikwi zambiri zaulere zitha kukhazikitsidwa mosavuta padongosolo lanu kuti musinthe momwe amagwirira ntchito ndikukwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana zaukadaulo. Ndichifukwa chake Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi chilichonse: maseva, maukonde, chitetezo, yosungirako, nsanja Integrated, etc.
NetBSD: Imadziwika chifukwa cha kusuntha kwake
Kugawa kwina kwabwino kwa BSD ndi NetBSD, pulojekiti yomwe kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa idadziwika bwino thandizo la multiplatform. Kugawa uku kumatha kuyenda bwino pamapangidwe opitilira 50, kuyambira ma seva olimba mpaka zida zophatikizika. Pachifukwa ichi, yakhala njira yabwino pama projekiti omwe amafunikira kusuntha kwakukulu.
La mtundu waposachedwa wa pulogalamuyo (Zotsatira za 10.0) likupezeka kuti mutsitse patsamba lawo. Kutulutsidwa kwatsopano kumeneku kwalandira kusintha kofunikira pakuchita, scalability, chitetezo ndi kuyanjana.
OpenBSD: Yokhazikika pachitetezo
OpenBSD Ndi mtundu wa NetBSD womwe imayang'ana kwambiri chitetezo, ndichifukwa chake amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yopangira ma firewall kapena kuzindikira kulowerera. Madivelopa ake atsimikiza kuti ndi 'yotetezedwa mwachisawawa', chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zozindikirira zomwe zingawonongeke ndikuchepetsa zoopsa zomwe zingachitike.
Kuphatikiza pa chitetezo chake cholimbikitsidwa, pulogalamuyo nayonso zimadziwikiratu chifukwa cha kusinthika kwake malinga ndi zosowa ndi malo osiyanasiyana. Momwemonso, imapereka ntchito yokhazikika komanso yodalirika kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa cha zosintha zomwe zimalandila nthawi zonse. Version 7.6 ndiyo yaposachedwa kwambiri mpaka pano, yomwe idatulutsidwa mu Okutobala 2024.
DragonFly: Kuti mugwiritse ntchito pa maseva
DragonFly BSD ndi kugawa kwa BSD komwe kwapanga kagawo kakang'ono padziko lonse lapansi kachitidwe ka ntchito, makamaka pa malo a seva. Kugawa uku ndikuchokera ku FreeBSD yomwe imadziwika bwino ndi njira yake yatsopano komanso yokonda makonda. Ndi njira yabwino kwambiri sungani mawebusayiti ochulukirachulukira, yendetsani zolemba zaubale ndi NoSQL komanso ma seva afayilo.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za pulogalamuyi ndi zake HAMMER file system. Fayiloyi ili ndi kuthekera kwapadera kokhudzana ndi kuchira kwa data, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino malo osungira, ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito. Kuphatikiza apo, kamangidwe kake kosinthika kamalola kuti isinthe ndikukula bwino m'malo amakono a hardware.
GhostBSD: Yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito
Zina mwa magawo osavuta a BSD omwe ogwiritsa ntchito wamba azigwiritsa ntchito GhostBSD. Imakhazikitsidwanso ndi FreeBSD, koma mosiyana ndi magawo ena, imapereka chidziwitso pakompyuta zofanana kwambiri ndi machitidwe odziwika bwino monga macOS kapena Windows. Chifukwa chake ndiyabwino kwa iwo omwe amachokera kumadera awa ndikuyamba ulendo wawo kudutsa dziko la BSD.
Zina mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za pulogalamuyi ndi malo ake apakompyuta, nthawi zambiri MATE kapena Xfce. Zimaphatikizansopo a kukhazikitsa wizard zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yosavuta, ngakhale kwa omwe alibe chidziwitso chochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, phukusi lotsitsa limabwera ndi angapo mapulogalamu oyimirira, kuchokera ku zida zopangira mapulogalamu kupita ku media player.
MidnightBSD: Zodziwika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito a Linux
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa magawo a BSD zopangidwira ogwiritsa ntchito apakompyuta, makamaka ogwiritsa ntchito a Linux. Zimakhazikitsidwanso pachimake cha FreeBSD, motero zimatengera kulimba ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwechi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino komanso zida zake zosiyanasiyana zosinthira.
Pakati pausiku zikuphatikizapo Windows wopanga monga woyang'anira zenera wosasintha, koma imalola kukhazikitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malo ena apakompyuta, monga GNOME kapena KDE. Ndi yabwino ngati malo ogwirira ntchito kwa opanga ndi ogwiritsa ntchito apamwamba, pomwe imakhala yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kwa ogwiritsa ntchito osadziwa.
NomadBSD: Kuti mugwiritse ntchito kuchokera ku USB flash drive
Timatha nawo NomadBSD, BSD distro yopangidwa mwapadera kuti igwire ntchito kuchokera ku ma drive a USB. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala chida chothandiza kwambiri kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito ngati yachiwiri opaleshoni dongosolo kapena kuchita kunyamula chitetezo kuyesa. Ili ndi chithandizo pamafayilo angapo, monga FAT, NTFS, Ext2/3/4 ndi zina zambiri, ndipo imangofunika 5 GB yotsitsa ndikusungira.
Monga mukuwonera, magawo onse a BSD omwe atchulidwa adapangidwira kutengera zosowa zosiyanasiyana zaukadaulo. Ena amaganizira za chitetezo, pamene ena amawonekera chifukwa cha ntchito zawo zapamwamba mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomangamanga ndi malo. Zachidziwikire, izi sizinthu zonse zogawira BSD, koma ndizabwino kwambiri, zomwe zakwanitsa kudzipangira okha niche mdziko lovuta la mapulogalamu aulere.
Kuyambira ndili wamng'ono ndakhala ndikufunitsitsa kudziwa zonse zokhudzana ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi zamakono, makamaka zomwe zimapangitsa moyo wathu kukhala wosavuta komanso wosangalatsa. Ndimakonda kukhala ndi chidziwitso ndi zomwe zachitika posachedwa, ndikugawana zomwe ndakumana nazo, malingaliro ndi malangizo okhudza zida ndi zida zomwe ndimagwiritsa ntchito. Izi zidandipangitsa kuti ndikhale wolemba pa intaneti zaka zopitilira zisanu zapitazo, ndikungoyang'ana kwambiri zida za Android ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito Windows. Ndaphunzira kufotokoza m’mawu osavuta zinthu zovuta kuti owerenga anga kuzimvetsa mosavuta.