Global Building Atlas: mapu a 3D omwe amawunikira nyumba zonse zapadziko lonse lapansi

El Global Building Atlas Yakhala imodzi mwama projekiti otsogola padziko lonse lapansi pakumvetsetsa momwe dziko lapansi limapangidwira. Ndi mapu okhala ndi mbali zitatu omwe amasonkhanitsa zambiri za nyumba mabiliyoni pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimapanga chithunzithunzi cholondola chazomwe zikuchitika m'matauni ndi akumidzi.

Atlas yapadziko lonse lapansi iyi, yopangidwa ndi gulu lofufuza kuchokera ku Technical University of Munich (TUM)Zimatengera deta yotseguka ndipo idapangidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ndi asayansi, mabungwe aboma, ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi. Cholinga chake ndikupereka maziko olimba a kafukufuku wanyengo, mapulani a zomangamanga ndi kuwunika momwe zinthu zikuyendera ku UN Sustainable Development Goals.

Ma atlasi a 3D omwe amajambula nyumba zonse padziko lapansi

Ntchito ya Global Building Atlas imayamba ndi funso losavuta koma lovuta kuyankha: Kodi ndi nyumba zingati padziko lapansi ndipo zimawoneka bwanji mu 3D? Kuti tiyankhe funsoli, gulu lotsogozedwa ndi Pulofesa Xiaoxiang Zhu, wamkulu wa Mpando wa Sayansi ya Data mu Earth Observation ku TUM, apanga mapu oyamba okhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri omwe amaphimba pafupifupi nyumba zonse zapadziko lonse lapansi.

Zotsatira zake ndi dataset yomwe imabweretsa pamodzi Zomangamanga za 2,75 biliyoniyochokera ku zithunzi za satellite kuchokera ku 2019. Iliyonse mwa zitsanzozi imagwira mawonekedwe oyambirira ndi kutalika kwa nyumba, zomwe zimalola kusanthula kwa voliyumu yomangidwa ndi momwe nyumba zimagawidwira m'mizinda ndi kumidzi.

Zambiri izi zimapangitsa Global Building Atlas kukhala kusonkhanitsa kwakukulu kwambiri m'gulu lakeKupereka lingaliro la kukula kwa kudumpha, nkhokwe yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yomwe ilipo mpaka pano ikuphatikiza nyumba pafupifupi mabiliyoni 1,7, ndiye kuti, biliyoni imodzi yocheperako kuposa ma atlasi atsopano opangidwa ndi gulu la Munich.

Kufalikira sikungokhala kumizinda yayikulu kapena mayiko omwe ali ndi digito. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za polojekitiyi ndikuphatikizidwa kwake madera omwe mwachizoloŵezi adasiyidwa pamapu apadziko lonse lapansi, monga madera akuluakulu a ku Africa, South America ndi madera akumidzi amwazikana omwe samawoneka kawirikawiri muzojambula zama cartographic.

Kuwongolera kolondola kwamitundu yamatauni ndi nyengo

Kupitilira kuchuluka kwa nyumba, ndi Global Building Atlas Izo zimaonekera kwa kusamalitsa kwa data yanuMitunduyi idapangidwa ndi kukula kwa cell ya 3 × 3 metres, kuyimira kuwongolera pafupifupi nthawi makumi atatu poyerekeza ndi nkhokwe zina zapadziko lonse lapansi. Mulingo watsatanetsatane uwu umalola kumvetsetsa bwino mawonekedwe onse a nyumba iliyonse komanso kutalika kwake.

Chifukwa cha chisankho ichi, ndizotheka kuphatikiza ma atlas mu zitsanzo zapamwamba zamatauni ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nthakaOfufuza odziwa bwino maphunziro akumatauni, omanga mapulani, ndi oyang'anira malamulo aboma atha kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitsochi kuyerekeza kachulukidwe kanyumba, kuzindikira momwe mizinda ikukulirakulira, kapena kusanthula ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kutalika kwa nyumba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

Kuwongolera kowonjezera kumapangitsanso kusiyana m'madera monga kusamalira masokaKukhala ndi mawonedwe atsatanetsatane azithunzi zitatu za nyumba kumapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kutengera zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa madzi, zivomezi, mikuntho, kapena kugumuka kwa nthaka, zomwe zimathandiza kuika patsogolo zolowererapo ndi kukonza mapulani othawirako omwe amagwirizana kwambiri ndi zenizeni za malo.

Muzochitika za ku Ulaya ndi ku Spain, deta yamtunduwu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonza mapulani kusintha kwa nyengoMwachitsanzo, powunika molondola kuti ndi madera ati omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kutentha, kukwera kwa mafunde, kapena kugwa kwamvula kwambiri. Kukhala ndi chiwonetsero cha 3D cha nyumbazi kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kulumikizana ndi zidziwitso zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, ndalama zomwe amapeza, kapena zaka kuti muzindikire madera ovuta kwambiri.

Mitundu ya LoD1: yosavuta, koma yokonzekera kusanthula kwakukulu

Chimodzi mwazambiri zaukadaulo wa Global Building Atlas ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mitundu ya 3D mu tsatanetsatane watsatanetsatane 1 (LoD1)Muyezo uwu umafotokoza za nyumba zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ma voliyumu osavuta omwe amajambula ma geometry ndi kutalika kwake, osafotokoza bwino monga madenga ovuta, makonde, kapena mawonekedwe ake.

Malinga ndi gulu la TUM, kuzungulira 97% ya nyumba (2,68 biliyoni) Zomwe zikuphatikizidwa mu ma atlas zimaperekedwa mumtundu wa LoD1. Izi zimalola kuti pakhale kusamalidwa bwino kwa deta muzoyerekeza ndi kusanthula kwakukulu, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pogwira ntchito ndi deta yeniyeni yapadziko lonse.

Kusankhidwa kwa LoD1 kumayankha pamlingo pakati tsatanetsatane ndi kuwongolera makompyutaNgakhale kuti pali zambiri zatsatanetsatane, zomwe zimakhala zolemera kwambiri kuchokera kumalingaliro a geometric, ndalama zawo zopangira ndi zosungirako ndizoletsedwa kufalitsa padziko lonse lapansi. Njira yomwe yatengedwa ndi yolondola yokwanira pakugwiritsa ntchito monga kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa nyumba, kuyerekeza kwa malo okhala, kapena kukonza zoyendera ndi zofunikira.

Kwa mizinda ya ku Ulaya ndi ku Spain, mtundu uwu wa chitsanzo ukhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi deta ya cadastral, ziwerengero za chikhalidwe cha anthu, kapena chidziwitso cha nyengo. Izi zimatsegula chitseko cha maphunziro oyeretsedwa kwambiri pa ... mphamvu zamagetsi m'madera okhazikikakulinganiza madera akutukuka kwamatauni kapena kuwunika momwe zomangamanga zatsopano zimakhudzira mizinda.

Tsegulani deta muntchito ya Sustainable Development Goals

Chofunikira kwambiri pa Global Building Atlas ndikuyang'ana kwambiri Tsegulani detaGulu lochokera ku Technical University of Munich lapanga zitsanzo za 3D zopezeka kwa anthu asayansi ndi mabungwe aboma monga maziko ogwirira ntchito omwe amatha kudyetsa mizere ingapo ya kafukufuku ndi mapulani okonzekera.

Filosofi iyi ikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi zosowa za mabungwe monga United Nations, omwe amafunikira chidziwitso chodalirika komanso chofananira pakati pa mayiko kuti azitsatira zomwe zikupita ku Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Mwa zina, ma atlasi amathandizira kuyeza kuchuluka kwa mizinda, kuchulukana kwa malo okhala, komanso kuyandikira kwa anthu pantchito zofunika.

Ku Europe, kupezeka kwa mapu omanga padziko lonse lapansi kumatha kuthandizira mapulogalamu monga Copernicus kapena njira zowonera malo, monga Google Maps yokhala ndi GeminiPophatikiza zigawo za 3D za Global Building Atlas ndi data yokhudzana ndi mpweya, kuyenda, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, zida zowonjezera zimapezedwa kuti ziwondolere kusinthaku. mizinda yokhazikika, yophatikiza komanso yokhazikika.

M'mawu achi Spanish, maulamuliro am'madera ndi am'deralo atha kutengerapo mwayi pazinthu izi sinthani matenda a territorial ndi kupanga mfundo zozikidwa paumboni wa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, pokonzekera zoyendera za anthu onse, madera otsika utsi, kapena njira zokonzetsera nyumba, kukhala ndi magawo atatu a zinthu zomanga ndizothandiza kwambiri.

Zofunsira pakukonza mizinda, zomangamanga ndi kasamalidwe ka zoopsa

Magwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana a Global Building Atlas ndi otakata ndipo amaphatikiza chilichonse kuchokera ku kafukufuku wamaphunziro ngakhale kuyang'anira mizinda tsiku ndi tsiku. Pankhani yokonzekera mizinda, zitsanzo za 3D zimalola kuti tiwone msanga za morphology ya madera onse, kuzindikiritsa madera omwe ali ndi nyumba zambiri, ndikuwona malo osungiramo malo omwe adakalipo kuti apangidwe zatsopano.

Zambiri za kuchuluka kwa nyumba ndi kutalika kwa nyumba ndizofunikanso mapulani a zomangamangaMayendedwe, kugawa magetsi, madzi ndi ukhondo kapena maukonde olumikizirana matelefoni amatha kukula molondola ngati kugawidwa kwa nyumba ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe atha kukhazikika m'dera lililonse akudziwika mwatsatanetsatane.

Pankhani yoyang'anira zoopsa, chiwonetsero chamitundu itatu chazomangamanga chimagwira ntchito ngati chithandizo yerekezerani zochitika zadzidzidziZitsanzo za kusefukira kwa madzi, kusanthula kwa mphepo yamkuntho, kapena maphunziro a chiwopsezo cha zivomezi amapeza zenizeni akaphatikiza mawonekedwe ndi kutalika kwa nyumba, makamaka m'matauni owundana momwe makonzedwe a nyumba amalepheretsa kufalikira kwa zowonongeka.

Ofufuza ku Europe ndi akatswiri atha kuphatikiza Global Building Atlas ndi nkhokwe zina zachigawo kuti akonze zowunika zawo. Pankhani ya mizinda yaku Spain yomwe ikukumana ndi mvula yamkuntho, mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza mitundu yomanga ya 3D mumayendedwe a hydrological kumathandiza kuzindikira zovuta mwatsatanetsatane. nsonga zodzikundikira madzi kapena zopinga zotheka ku ngalande zachilengedwe.

Zonsezi zimapangitsa ma atlas kukhala chida chosinthika chomwe, popanda kumangidwa ku gawo limodzi la maphunziro, chimapereka structural information layer zamphamvu kwambiri zopangirapo kusanthula kwamagawo osiyanasiyana.

Pophatikiza mitundu yapadziko lonse lapansi, kusamvana kwakukulu, ndi Level of Development (LoD1) yokonzekera kusanthula kwakukulu, Global Building Atlas imadziyika yokha ngati imodzi mwamawonekedwe apamwamba. pakati Kwa iwo omwe akuyenera kumvetsetsa momwe nyumba zimagawidwira ndikusinthika padziko lonse lapansi, mawonekedwe ake otseguka, kuyang'ana kwake kumadera omwe sali odziwika bwino, komanso kuthekera kwake kopititsa patsogolo kafukufuku wanyengo komanso kasamalidwe ka matauni kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chida chofunikira kwambiri ku Europe ndi Spain, komwe kukonzekera madera ndikusintha kusintha kwanyengo kumafunikira zisankho potengera umboni wotsimikizika.

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Alberto navarro

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