Mafoni am'manja asintha kwambiri dziko lomwe tikukhalamo, koma chodabwitsachi sichinatuluke paliponse, koma chinali chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo ndi kubetcha kwabizinesi kwazaka zambiri. M’nkhani ino tiona zimene iwo anali makampani oyamba mafoni, apainiya enieni.
Chifukwa chomwe chikuwoneka ngati chachilendo kwa ife lero, kukhala okhoza kuyimba mafoni ndi kukhazikitsa maubwenzi ndi malo aliwonse padziko lapansi kuchokera kulikonse padziko lapansi, zaka zapitazo sizinali zochepa chabe za chimera. Palibe amene ankaganiza za foni ngati china chilichonse kupatula chipangizo chokhazikika. Palibe wina kupatula malingaliro omwe adayendetsa makampaniwa.
Kunena zoona, Njira yoyamba yogwiritsira ntchito mafoni am'manja idapangidwa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itangotha., kutanthauza kuti zaka 80 zapitazo. Komabe, sitingathe kulankhula za mafoni a m'manja, monga tikudziwira lero, mpaka m'ma 70.
Foni yoyamba yomwe idagulitsidwa zogulitsa kwa anthu anali Motorola DynaTAC 8000X, mu 1983 (pa chithunzi pamwambapa). Kuchokera pamalingaliro athu amakono, inali njerwa yolemera, yonyansa komanso yochuluka, koma inali chitsanzo ichi chomwe chinasonyeza nthawi yatsopano m'munda wolankhulana.
Motorola ndi AT&T: oyambitsa mafoni am'manja
Ngakhale Motorola adatenga masitepe ake oyamba muzamalonda akugulitsa zida zamawayilesi zaka zana zapitazo, mosakayikira nthawi yabwino kwambiri m'mbiri yake idachitika mu 1973, pamene mmodzi wa akatswiri ake, Martin Cooper, anapanga kuyimba foni koyamba kuchokera pa foni yam'manja.
Kafoni kakang'ono kameneka kanali kotalika masentimita 25 ndipo inkalemera kuposa kilogalamu imodzi. Ikhoza kuonedwa ngati "agogo" a mafoni amakono. DynaTAC 8000X idagulitsidwa zaka khumi pambuyo pake ngati yowona chinthu chapamwamba, ndi mtengo wogulitsa pafupifupi $3.500. Unali mwala woyamba wa njira yayitali komanso yopambana.
Imodzi mwamakampani opanga mafoni a m'manja omwe akuyenera kuunikira ndi AT&T (American Telephone & Telegraph). Pomwe Motorola idapanga zida zam'manja, kampaniyi idadzipereka kuti igwire ntchito yofunika ngati ya pangani ma network omwe amalola kugwira ntchito kwake.
Zonse zidayamba ku Chicago mu 1978, pomwe AT&T idamanga nsanja zamawayilesi zomwe zimawulutsa ma siginecha awo ku tinyanga zamagalimoto. Lingaliro limenelo pambuyo pake linasamutsidwa ku gawo la mafoni a m'manja kuti likhale, kumbuyoko mu 1987, kampani yoyamba kupereka ntchito zamafoni am'manja. Panthawiyo, ku United States kokha.
Vodafone ndi Ericsson: kubwera kwa mafoni am'manja ku Europe
Vodafone adabadwa mu 1984 ngati gawo la Racal Electronics kuti akhale mtsogoleri wamkulu pamsika waku Europe komanso m'modzi mwamakampani oyamba amafoni ku kontinenti yakale. Poyamba idakhazikitsa maukonde ake ku United Kingdom ndipo pang'onopang'ono idakulitsa kumayiko aku Western Europe.
Chinsinsi chakuchita bwino kwa Vodafone chinali kukhazikitsidwa kwa Ukadaulo wa GSM (Dongosolo Lonse Lapadziko Lonse la Kulankhulana kwa Mafoni), yoti ikhale mulingo wolumikizirana ndi mafoni padziko lonse lapansi. Netiweki ya GSM inali yodumphira patsogolo, monga idapereka kulumikizidwa koyenera, kokhala ndi mawu apamwamba kwambiri komanso osasokoneza.
Pakutentha kwa kupambana kwa Vodafone, koyambirira kwa 90s kampani yaku Sweden Ericsson anaganiza kubetcherana pa akutulukira luso foni yam'manja, motero kukhala mmodzi wa opereka woyamba wa zomangamanga mafoni maukonde.
Osati zokhazo: Ericsson adasankhanso kupanga mafoni am'manja, pafupifupi kulamulira msika chifukwa cha mitundu ingapo yomwe idapeza manambala apamwamba kwambiri ogulitsa. Mwa odziwika kwambiri tiyenera kutchula Ericsson GH337, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1993, imodzi mwazoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa digito wa GSM, zomwe zidatsimikizira wogwiritsa ntchito kuyimba bwino, komanso kufalikira kwakukulu.
Tsoka ilo, ngakhale anali m'modzi mwamakampani oyamba amafoni m'mbiri, Ericsson anali imodzi mwazinthu zomwe sankadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito nthawi zatsopano. Ndi kutuluka kwa mafoni oyambirira, adataya malo ake pamsika ndipo adatha kutha.
Cholowa chamtengo wapatali chamakampani oyambira mafoni am'manja
Makampani oyamba amafoni am'manja awa adatsogolera kusintha kowona m'dziko lazolumikizana. Chifukwa cha iwo, mafoni adabadwa ndikusinthika kukhala zida zapamwamba komanso zopepuka zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano.
Motorola, AT&T, Vodafone, Ericsson (komanso NTT DoCoMo ku Japan ndi msika waku Asia), ndi makampani omwe panthawiyo Iwo adathandizira kwambiri pakupanga mafoni am'manja. Iwo adayika maziko a zomangamanga ndikuyendetsa chitukuko cha matekinoloje omwe tonsefe timagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano. Popanda iwo, makampani oyambirira a mafoni a m'manja, dziko lamakono likanakhala losiyana kwambiri. Choyipa kapena chabwino, ndani akudziwa, koma dziko lomwe lingakhale loipitsitsa kwambiri.
Mkonzi wokhazikika pazaukadaulo komanso nkhani zapaintaneti yemwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira khumi pazama media osiyanasiyana. Ndagwira ntchito ngati mkonzi komanso wopanga zinthu pa e-commerce, kulumikizana, kutsatsa pa intaneti ndi makampani otsatsa. Ndalembanso pamawebusayiti azachuma, azachuma ndi magawo ena. Ntchito yanga ndi chidwi changanso. Tsopano, kudzera mu zolemba zanga mu Tecnobits, Ndimayesetsa kufufuza nkhani zonse ndi mwayi watsopano umene dziko laukadaulo limatipatsa tsiku lililonse kuti tisinthe miyoyo yathu.