El comando dd Imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazinthu zamphamvu kwambiri zothandizira Linux. Ngakhale tanthauzo la zilembo izi Data Definition, "D" yapawiri imapangitsa kuti azilandira mayina modabwitsa monga momwe zilili "disk shredder" o "disk duplicator". M'malo mwake, ndi chida chokopera ndikusintha deta pamlingo wa block, ngakhale ili ndi ntchito zambiri.
M'nkhaniyi tiwona mbali zonse za lamuloli dd kuti aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito Linux ayenera kudziwa, kuchokera kwa iwo sintaxis básica hasta sus mapulogalamu odziwika kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kukopera mafayilo, kusunga ndi kubwezeretsa magawo a disk, kapena kupanga ma drive a USB otsegula.
Hay que decir que lamulo dd Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kwambiri. Ngati ntchito popanda zitsimikiziro zofunika, izo zikhoza kuchititsa zosasinthika deta imfa. Pachifukwa ichi muyenera kusamala kwambiri mukamagwira nawo ntchito.
Sintaxis del comando dd
Zina mwazosankha zodziwika bwino mu dd command syntax, zotsatirazi ziyenera kuwonetsedwa:
- bs=: Kuti mudziwe kukula kwa chipikacho dd adzawerenga kapena kulemba (mwachitsanzo, bs=4M).
- conv=: Kufotokozera zosankha zotembenuka.
- count=: Kukhazikitsa chiwerengero cha midadada kuti dd ikupita kukopera
- if=: Fayilo kapena chipangizo cholowetsa (input file).
- of=: Fayilo kapena chipangizo chotulutsa (output file).
- kufufuza=: Kulumpha nambala yeniyeni ya midadada kapena mabayiti mukuwerenga fayilo yotulutsa.
- skip=: Kulumpha kuchuluka kwa midadada kapena ma byte mukuwerenga fayilo yolowera.
- status=progress: Kuwonetsa momwe ntchito ikuyendera munthawi yeniyeni.
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa lamulo dd
Tiyeni tiwone zina zothandiza za lamulo la dd ndi momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito. Izi ndi zitsanzo chabe za ntchito wamba, kuyambira Mwayi wake weniweni ndi wotakata kwambiri:
Crear imágenes de disco
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi ndi lamulo dd: la kupanga zithunzi za disk kapena magawo, zomwe zimachitika ndi kukopera bit a bit zake. Zothandiza kwambiri popanga makope osunga zobwezeretsera. Mu chitsanzo chotsatira, gwero chipangizo ndi origen.txt ndi kopitako, destino.txt.
sudo dd ngati=/origin.txt wa=/destination.txt
Ma disks a Clone
Ndiko kuti, kukopera zonse zomwe zili mu disk ndikuzisunga kumalo ena. Chitsanzo: kukopera zonse zomwe zili mu disk sda1 a sda2, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo motere:
sudo dd ngati=/sda1 ya=/sda2
Crear una unidad USB de arranque
Otro uso habitual del comando dd Ndiko kupanga ma drive a USB othawirako kuchokera ku zithunzi za ISO. Kwa ichi, ndikofunikira tchulani fayilo ya ISO ngati fayilo yolowera (ngati) ndi USB drive ngati fayilo yotulutsa (ya). Nachi chitsanzo china:
sudo dd if=linux_x.iso ya=/dev/sda bs=3M status=progress
Pamenepa, linux_x.iso imayimira chithunzi cha ISO chakugawa kwa Linux, pomwe /dev/sda Ndi USB drive. Komanso, bs=3M imatiuza kukula kwa chipika (3 megabytes), pomwe status=progress zikuwonetsa kupita patsogolo kwa lamulo. Nthawi zina kupita patsogolo uku kumawonetsedwa ndi chithunzi cha bar.
Dumphani mabayiti kapena zilembo powerenga fayilo
Pano pali chitsanzo chogwiritsira ntchito kudumpha: kudumpha nambala yeniyeni ya ma byte kapena zilembo powerenga fayilo yolowera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuli kofunikira kusiya mbali zina za fayilo. Mu chitsanzo ichi, ma bits 200 oyambirira:
sudo dd ngati=abc.txt wa=zyx.txt skip=200
Fufutani chipika chipangizo
Pomaliza, gwero kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, tikayenera kugulitsa kapena kupereka pa disk kwa munthu wina ndipo tikufuna kuonetsetsa kuti zomwe zidalipo kale sizikupezeka. Funso la zachinsinsi. Opaleshoniyi ikuchitika kudzera m'malamulo awiri, monga tikuwonera mu chitsanzo ichi:
sudo dd ngati=/dev/zero bs=1M ya=/dev/sda
Gawo loyambali limachepetsa zomwe zilipo pa chipangizocho kuti zikhale zosavuta mndandanda wa ziro. Kuti ntchitoyo ithe, muyenera lembani diski yotsalayo ndi data yachisawawa:
sudo dd ngati=/dev/random bs=1M ya=/dev/sda
Mapeto
Mwachidule, tikhoza kutsimikizira kuti lamulo dd es chida chofunikira pa Linux zikafika pa zinthu zokhudzana ndi kukopera, kupanga ndi kutembenuza deta pamlingo wochepa. Mwa zina zambiri, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zithunzi za disk kapena kuyeretsa bwino ma disks, monga tawonera.
Ntchito zina zothandiza ndikufinya zomwe zimawerengedwa ndi lamulo dd, koperani zomwe zili mu CD kapena DVD, pangani zosunga zobwezeretsera pang'ono kapena zonse, sinthani zilembo zazikulu kukhala zilembo zing'onozing'ono kapena mosemphanitsa, ndi zina. Ndikoyeneradi kuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito lamuloli.
En todo caso, es chida champhamvu chomwe muyenera kudziwa momwe mungachigwiritsire ntchito molondola komanso mosamala, chifukwa imatha kulemba komanso kuchotsa deta popanda kuzindikira.
Mkonzi wokhazikika pazaukadaulo komanso nkhani zapaintaneti yemwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira khumi pazama media osiyanasiyana. Ndagwira ntchito ngati mkonzi komanso wopanga zinthu pa e-commerce, kulumikizana, kutsatsa pa intaneti ndi makampani otsatsa. Ndalembanso pamawebusayiti azachuma, azachuma ndi magawo ena. Ntchito yanga ndi chidwi changanso. Tsopano, kudzera mu zolemba zanga mu Tecnobits, Ndimayesetsa kufufuza nkhani zonse ndi mwayi watsopano umene dziko laukadaulo limatipatsa tsiku lililonse kuti tisinthe miyoyo yathu.