M'dziko la digito lomwe tikukhalamo, kusunga mafayilo athu mwadongosolo ndikofunikira kuti tiwonjezeko bwino komanso kuchita bwino pantchito zathu zatsiku ndi tsiku. Njira imodzi yofunikira komanso yothandiza kwambiri yochitira izi ndi kupanga mafoda. M'nkhaniyi tiwona zoyambira zaukadaulo za momwe mungapangire zikwatu, kukulolani kuti muwongolere makina anu osungira ndikufikira mwachangu. mafayilo anu pamene mukuwafuna. Dziwani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chida chofunikirachi ndikukulitsa luso lanu loyang'anira zolemba zanu za digito bwino.
1. Chiyambi chopanga zikwatu: zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa
Kupanga zikwatu ndi ntchito yofunikira komanso yofunikira pa chilichonse machitidwe opangira. Kaya mukupanga zanu mafayilo anu kapena kuyang'anira zikalata kuntchito, kudziwa momwe mungapangire bwino mafoda ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi dongosolo ladongosolo la fayilo ndikuthandizira kupeza zomwe mukufuna.
M'gawoli, tikupatsani chitsogozo chatsatanetsatane chamomwe mungapangire zikwatu pamakina osiyanasiyana opangira, kuyambira Windows mpaka macOS ndi Linux. Tidzafufuza njira zofunika kupanga foda yatsopano, zonse ziwiri pa desiki monga m'mafoda ena omwe alipo. Komanso, tidzakupatsani malangizo othandiza posankha mayina oyenera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowonjezera kuti muwongolere kayendetsedwe ka ntchito yanu.
Kwa iwo omwe ali atsopano kudziko la bungwe la mafayilo, tidzaphatikizanso zitsanzo zothandiza zomwe zimasonyeza momwe mungapangire mafoda okhudzana ndi magulu osiyanasiyana, monga ntchito, maphunziro, kapena ntchito zaumwini. Kaya ndinu oyamba kapena odziwa zambiri, bukuli likuthandizani kuti muzitha kupanga zikwatu ndikusunga mafayilo anu mwadongosolo.
2. Masitepe kulenga chikwatu pa chipangizo chanu
Kuti mupange chikwatu pa chipangizo chanu, tsatirani njira zosavuta izi:
1. Tsegulani fayilo woyang'anira pulogalamu pa chipangizo chanu. Mutha kuzipeza mu menyu yayikulu kapena pazenera Zoyambira.
2. Mukakhala mu file kasamalidwe app, Sakatulani kwa malo mukufuna kulenga chikwatu. Itha kukhala mu kukumbukira mkati mwa chipangizocho kapena pa SD khadi ngati ilipo. Gwiritsani ntchito njira yolowera kapena kusaka kuti mupeze malo.
3. Mukapeza malo omwe mukufuna, alemba pa "Pangani chikwatu chatsopano" mafano kapena kusankha "Chatsopano chikwatu" njira ku dontho-pansi menyu. Kenako mudzafunsidwa kuti mulowetse dzina la chikwatucho.
3. Kupanga mafayilo: chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunika kupanga zikwatu?
Kupanga mafayilo ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera ndi kuyang'anira zidziwitso za digito. Pomwe kuchuluka kwa mafayilo omwe timagwira pazida zathu kumawonjezeka, kumakhala kofunika kwambiri kupanga zikwatu ndikuzipanga moyenera.
Kupanga zikwatu kumatithandiza kugawa ndi kugawa mafayilo athu molingana ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, monga mtundu wa fayilo, mutu kapena tsiku lopanga. Izi zimathandizira kwambiri kufufuza ndi kubwezeretsa mafayilo pamene tikuwafuna, motero timapewa kutaya nthawi komanso kukhumudwa chifukwa chosapeza zomwe tikufuna. Kuphatikiza apo, imatithandiza kusunga zida zathu mwadongosolo komanso mopanda kusokoneza.
Pali zabwino zingapo popanga zikwatu. Choyamba, zimatithandiza kusunga mafayilo athu mwadongosolo komanso mogwirizana. Izi ndizothandiza makamaka pogwira ntchito pama projekiti omwe amaphatikiza mafayilo angapo okhudzana. Powaika m'magulu mufoda inayake, titha kupeza mwachangu zonse zokhudzana nazo.
4. Kuwona njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira chikwatu
Njira zopangira zikwatu zimatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi makina omwe mukugwiritsa ntchito. Pansipa tikuwonetsa njira zodziwika bwino zopangira zikwatu pamakina osiyanasiyana opangira.
Mu Windows, pali njira zingapo zopangira foda. Njira yosavuta ndikudina pomwe mukufuna kupanga chikwatu ndikusankha "Foda Yatsopano" kuchokera pamenyu yotsitsa. Mutha kupanganso chikwatu pogwiritsa ntchito fayilo Explorer. Mumatsegula wofufuza, yendani kumalo omwe mukufuna kupanga chikwatu, dinani kumanja ndikusankha "Foda Yatsopano."
Pa macOS, mutha kupanga chikwatu kuchokera ku Finder. Mumatsegula Finder, yendani kumalo omwe mukufuna, dinani kumanja ndikusankha "Foda Yatsopano." Mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito njira yachidule ya kiyibodi "Cmd + Shift + N" kuti mupange foda yatsopano kulikonse.
Pa Linux, njira yopangira zikwatu imathanso kusiyanasiyana kutengera kugawa komwe mukugwiritsa ntchito. Mutha kupanga chikwatu kuchokera pamzere wolamula pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la "mkdir folder_name". Mukhozanso dinani pomwe mukufuna kupanga chikwatu ndi kusankha "Pangani Foda" kuchokera dontho-pansi menyu.
Kumbukirani kuti momwe mumapangira zikwatu zitha kukhala zosiyana pang'ono pamakina aliwonse. Izi ndi zina mwa njira zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito. Ndikoyenera nthawi zonse kuyang'ana zolemba zovomerezeka kapena kufufuza pa intaneti makina anu ogwiritsira ntchito ngati mukukumana ndi vuto lililonse. Tikukhulupirira kuti njirazi ndi zothandiza kwa inu pamene mukufufuza njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira zikwatu!
5. Momwe mungapangire zikwatu mu Windows: kalozera wa tsatane-tsatane
Pansipa pali kalozera watsatanetsatane sitepe ndi sitepe Momwe mungapangire zikwatu mu Windows. Potsatira njira zosavutazi, mudzatha kukonza bwino ndikuyika mafayilo anu pakompyuta yanu.
1. Tsegulani File Explorer: Kuti muyambe, dinani chizindikiro cha File Explorer pa barra de tareas Windows kapena dinani makiyi Kupambana + E pa kiyibodi yanu kuti mutsegule mwachindunji. Izi zikuthandizani kuti muzitha kuyang'ana mafayilo ndi zikwatu pakompyuta yanu.
2. Yendetsani kumalo omwe mukufuna: Gwiritsani ntchito chikwatu kuti mupite kumalo komwe mukufuna kupanga foda yatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kupanga chikwatu pa kompyuta yanu, dinani "Desktop" mu gawo la "Quick Access" kapena pitani ku "Kompyuta iyi" kenako sankhani "Desktop."
6. Kupanga zikwatu pa Mac: Malangizo ndi zidule
Kupanga zikwatu pa Mac ndi ntchito yofunika koma yofunika kukonza mafayilo anu bwino. M'nkhaniyi, tikupatsani malangizo ndi zidule kuti muwonjezere zokolola zanu popanga ndikuwongolera zikwatu pa Mac yanu.
1. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zazifupi za kiyibodi: Mac imapereka njira zazifupi zingapo zomwe zimafulumizitsa kupanga chikwatu. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Command + Shift + N kuti mupange chikwatu chatsopano mu Finder kapena pakompyuta yanu. Ngati mukufuna kupanga chikwatu mkati mwa chikwatu china, ingosankha chikwatu cha makolo ndikudina Command + Shift + N kachiwiri
2. Sinthani zilembo zamafoda mwamakonda anu: Njira yothandiza yosiyanitsira mafoda ndikusintha zithunzi zawo. Dinani kumanja chikwatu chomwe mukufuna kusintha, sankhani "Pezani Zambiri," ndikukokerani chithunzi chomwe mwasankha ku chithunzi chomwe chili kumanzere kwa zenera lazidziwitso. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mugawire chithunzi chazokonda pafodayo ndikupangitsa kuti muzitha kuzindikira mosavuta.
3. Gwiritsani ntchito zilembo zamitundu: Njira ina yosinthira zikwatu pa Mac ndikugwiritsa ntchito zilembo zamitundu. Dinani kumanja pa chikwatu, sankhani "Labels" ndikusankha mtundu womwe mukufuna. Mutha kugawa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumafoda osiyanasiyana kutengera zomwe zili kapena kufunika kwake. Izi zikuthandizani kuzindikira chikwatu chomwe mukufuna mutangoyang'ana.
7. Momwe mungapangire zolemba zanu ndi zikwatu mu Google Drive
Kukonza zolemba zanu moyenera pa Google Drive, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zikwatu. Mafoda amakulolani kuti mugawane ndikuyika mafayilo anu molingana ndi magulu kapena mitu, kupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza ndikupeza zomwe mukufuna. Kenako, tidzakusonyezani sitepe ndi sitepe.
Pulogalamu ya 1: Pezani fayilo yanu ya Akaunti ya Google Yendetsani ndi kulowa ngati simunalowemo. Mutha kuchita izi kudzera patsamba la Google Drive kapena kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yam'manja pazida zanu.
Pulogalamu ya 2: Mukakhala muakaunti yanu ya Google Drive, dinani batani la "Chatsopano" ndikusankha "Foda" pamenyu yotsitsa. Foda yatsopano ipangidwa m'ndandanda wanu waukulu wa Google Drive.
Pulogalamu ya 3: Tsopano, tchulani chikwatu chanu ndikukhazikitsa mawonekedwe ndi zilolezo zosankha malinga ndi zomwe mumakonda. Mutha kusankha ngati mukufuna kuti fodayo ikhale yachinsinsi, yogawana, kapena yapagulu. Mukakhazikitsa izi, dinani batani la "Pangani" kuti mumalize kupanga chikwatu.
8. Kufunika kotchula bwino zikwatu ndi mafayilo anu
Kutchula mayina olondola a zikwatu ndi mafayilo anu ndikofunikira kuti mukonzekere bwino zikalata zanu ndikuthandizira kusaka zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, zikuthandizani kupewa chisokonezo ndi zolakwika mukagawana mafayilo ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ena. Nawa maupangiri otchulira bwino mafoda ndi mafayilo anu:
1. Khalani omveka bwino komanso ofotokozera: Gwiritsani ntchito mayina omwe akuwonetsa zomwe zili mufoda kapena fayilo mwachidule. Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito mawu osamveka bwino omwe angayambitse chisokonezo. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo motchula chikwatu "Documents," ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito "XYZ Project Documents."
2. Gwiritsani ntchito mayendedwe a mayina: Kukhazikitsa dongosolo lofanana la mayina kudzakuthandizani kusunga kusasinthasintha mumafoda ndi mafayilo anu. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kachitidwe ka ma tag monga ma prefixes kapena suffixes kuti mugawire zolemba motengera mtundu kapena gulu.
3. Pewani zilembo zapadera ndi malo oyera: Kuti mupewe mavuto ogwirizana pakati pa machitidwe osiyanasiyana opangira, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito zilembo zapadera kapena mipata yoyera m'maina a zikwatu ndi mafayilo anu. M'malo mwake, gwiritsani ntchito ma underscores (_) kapena ma hyphens (-) kuti mulekanitse mawu.
Kumbukirani kuti kutchula mayina olondola a zikwatu ndi mafayilo anu kumakupulumutsirani nthawi ndikupewa chisokonezo mukasaka kapena kugawana zambiri. Tsatirani malangizowa kuti mukhale ndi dongosolo lokonzekera bwino komanso loyenera poyang'anira zolemba zanu.
9. Momwe mungasinthire makonda a foda kuti mukonzekere bwino
Kusintha mawonekedwe a foda ndi njira yabwino yosinthira mafayilo anu ndikuwongolera momwe mumagwirira ntchito. Kenako, tikuwonetsani momwe mungasinthire zinthu izi kuti muwongolere gulu lanu:
- Sankhani chikwatu chomwe mukufuna kusintha: Tsegulani File Explorer ndikuyenda komwe kuli chikwatu chomwe mukufuna kukonza. Kumanja alemba pa izo ndi kusankha "Katundu" pa dontho-pansi menyu.
- Sinthani dzina lafoda: Mu "General" tabu ya katundu zenera, mudzaona lemba kumunda kumene inu mukhoza kusintha chikwatu dzina. Gwiritsani ntchito dzina lofotokozera lomwe limakuthandizani kuzindikira zomwe zili mkati mwake.
- Onjezani kufotokozera kufoda: Patsamba lomwelo la "General", mupeza gawo lotchedwa "Ndemanga". Igwiritseni ntchito kuti muwonjezere ndemanga zazifupi, zothandiza za zomwe zili mufoda. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kuphatikiza zambiri za polojekiti yomwe mafayilo omwe ali mkati mwake ndi ake.
Kuphatikiza pazosankha zoyambira izi, mutha kusinthanso mawonekedwe afoda pogwiritsa ntchito zilembo kapena mitundu kuti muwasiyanitse. Izi ndizothandiza makamaka mukakhala ndi zikwatu zingapo zogwirizana.
Kuti muwonjezere tag ku chikwatu, dinani kumanja kwake, sankhani "Properties" ndikupita ku tabu ya "Tags". Apa mutha kusankha cholembera chamtundu kapena kupanga chokhazikika. Perekani chizindikiro chomwe mukuwona kuti n'choyenera kuti muzindikire mwamsanga mtundu wa zinthu kapena zofunikira za fodayo.
10. Kuthetsa mavuto wamba popanga zikwatu ndi momwe angapewere
Kupanga zikwatu ndi ntchito wamba pogwira ntchito pagulu kapena kukonza zomwe zili mu kompyuta. Komabe, nthawi zina pamakhala mavuto omwe angapangitse kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yovuta. M'munsimu muli njira zothetsera mavuto omwe anthu ambiri amakumana nawo popanga zikwatu ndi malangizo kuti mupewe.
Vuto 1: Chikwatu sichinapangidwe bwino. Ngati mukuyesera kupanga chikwatu, sichimapanga kapena uthenga wolakwika ukuwonekera, pali zina zomwe mungachite kuti muthetse vutoli. Choyamba, onetsetsani kuti muli ndi zilolezo zofunikira kuti mupange zikwatu pamalo omwe mukufuna. Komanso, onetsetsani kuti dzina la fodayo ilibe zilembo zapadera kapena malo opanda kanthu. Mutha kuyesanso kupanga chikwatu kumalo ena kapena kuyambitsanso kompyuta yanu.
Vuto 2: Foda ili pamalo olakwika. Nthawi zina zitha kuchitika kuti chikwatu chomwe mwangopanga sichikhala pamalo omwe akuyembekezeka. Kuti muthane ndi izi, yang'anani njira yopita popanga chikwatu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mwasankha malo omwe mukufuna. Ngati foda idapangidwa pamalo olakwika, mutha kuyidula ndikuyiyika pamalo olondola. Komanso, kumbukirani kugwiritsa ntchito dzina lofotokozera fodayo kuti ikuthandizeni kuipeza mosavuta pambuyo pake.
Vuto 3: Foda yawonongeka kapena siyikupezeka. Ngati mupeza kuti chikwatu chawonongeka kapena simungathe kupeza zomwe zili mkati mwake, mungafunike kuchitapo kanthu kuti mukonze. Choyamba, yesani kukonza chikwatu pogwiritsa ntchito chida chokonzera mafayilo kapena mapulogalamu apadera. Ngati izi sizikugwira ntchito, mutha kuyesa kubwezeretsa chikwatu kuchokera pazosunga zakale. M'tsogolomu, lingalirani zoyambitsa zosunga zobwezeretsera zokha kuti mupewe kutayika kwa data pakagwa mavuto.
11. Momwe mungatetezere zikwatu zanu ndi mawu achinsinsi ndi zilolezo zolowera
Kuteteza zikwatu zanu ndi mapasiwedi ndi zilolezo zolowa, pali njira zingapo zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito. Nayi kalozera watsatane-tsatane wa momwe mungagwirire ntchitoyi:
1. Gwiritsani ntchito pulogalamu ya encryption ya mafayilo: Njira yodalirika ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya encryption ya mafayilo, monga VeraCrypt kapena BitLocker. Zida izi zimakulolani kuti mupange chidebe chotetezedwa ndi mawu achinsinsi momwe mungasungire mafayilo anu ndi zikwatu m'njira yabwino. Mafayilo obisidwawa sangathe kupezeka popanda mawu achinsinsi olondola.
2. Ikani zilolezo zolowa mu Windows: Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito Windows, mutha kukhazikitsa zilolezo zofikira pamafoda anu. Dinani kumanja pa chikwatu chomwe mukufuna kuteteza, sankhani "Properties" ndikupita ku "Security" tabu. Apa mutha kuwonjezera kapena kuchotsa ogwiritsa ntchito ndikukhazikitsa zilolezo zofananira, monga kuwerenga, kulemba kapena kusintha. Onetsetsani kuti mwakhazikitsa mawu achinsinsi amphamvu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali ndi chikwatu.
12. Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito njira zazifupi ndi zazifupi pamafoda anu
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zazifupi ndi zazifupi pamafoda anu kumatha kukhala kothandiza kwambiri pankhani yokonza ndikupeza mwachangu mafayilo anu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mu positiyi, tikuwonetsani momwe mungapindulire kwambiri ndi zinthuzi mumayendedwe anu.
Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe bwino malamulo a kiyibodi popanga njira zazifupi. Mwachitsanzo, mu Windows mutha kupanga njira yachidule yopita kufoda mwa kungoisankha ndikukanikiza Ctrl + Shift + N. Pa macOS, mutha kutchula chikwatu pochikoka mukugwira yankho.
Njira ina ndikusintha njira yachidule malinga ndi zosowa zanu. Mutha kugawa njira zazifupi kumafoda ena kapena mafayilo enaake. Mwachitsanzo, mu Windows, mutha kudina kumanja pa chikwatu, sankhani "Properties" ndipo mu "Shortcut" tabu perekani makiyi omwe mwasankha. Pa macOS, mutha kudina kumanja ku chikwatu, sankhani "Pezani Zambiri," ndipo mugawo la "Shortcut" perekani kuphatikiza kiyi.
13. Kodi kulunzanitsa ndi kugawana zikwatu pakati pa zipangizo ndi nsanja
Pali njira zingapo zolumikizirana ndikugawana zikwatu pakati pa zipangizo ndi nsanja. M'munsimu, tifotokoza pang'onopang'ono momwe tingathetsere vutoli.
1. Gwiritsani ntchito mautumiki apamtambo: Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito mautumiki monga Dropbox, Google Drive kapena Microsoft OneDrive. Mapulatifomuwa amakulolani kuti musunge zikwatu ndi mafayilo anu mumtambo, kenako ndikuwapeza kuchokera ku chipangizo chilichonse chokhala ndi intaneti. Kuti mulunzanitse chikwatu, ingolikokani ndikuchiponya ku chikwatu chomwe chili mu akaunti yanu papulatifomu yomwe mukufuna. Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi pulogalamu yofananira yomwe yayikidwa pazida zonse zomwe mukufuna kulunzanitsa.
2. Gwiritsani ntchito mapulogalamu ogwirizanitsa: njira ina ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apadera mu kulunzanitsa zikwatu. Mapulogalamuwa amakulolani kukhazikitsa malamulo ndi zoikamo kuti muzitha kulunzanitsa mafoda anu zida zosiyanasiyana. Zitsanzo zina zodziwika ndi FreeFileSync, SyncBack, ndi GoodSync. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito mapulogalamuwa, ingowayika pazida zomwe mukufuna kulunzanitsa, sankhani zikwatu zomwe mukufuna kulunzanitsa, ndikukhazikitsa malamulo olumikizirana.
14. Malangizo kusunga zikwatu wanu mwadongosolo ndi wokometsedwa nthawi zonse
M'nkhaniyi, tikudziwitsani mndandanda wa. Kukonzekera kwamafoda ndikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti mafayilo anu akupezeka komanso osavuta kuwapeza. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhathamiritsa zikwatu kumakupatsani mwayi wosunga nthawi ndi zinthu mukamagwira ntchito pakompyuta yanu.
Poyambira, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa chikwatu chokhazikika komanso chokhazikika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kupanga zikwatu zazikulu zomwe zikuyimira magulu akulu a mafayilo anu kenako mafoda ang'onoang'ono omwe akukwanira maguluwo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukugwira ntchito yokonza mapulani, mungakhale ndi foda yaikulu yotchedwa "Design Project" ndiyeno mafoda ang'onoang'ono pa gawo lililonse la polojekitiyo, monga "Sketches," "Final Designs," ndi "Resources." Izi zikuthandizani kuti mupeze mafayilo omwe mukufuna mwachangu osadutsa mafoda onse.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mayina ofotokozera pamafoda anu ndi mafayilo. Izi zipangitsa kusaka ndikukonzekera kukhala kosavuta. Pewani mayina anthawi zonse monga "Zolemba" kapena "Mafayilo Osiyanasiyana." M'malo mwake, gwiritsani ntchito mayina omwe akuwonetsa zomwe zili m'mafayilo kapena mafoda, monga "Quarterly Reports" kapena "Vacation Photos." Mwanjira iyi, mutha kuzindikira mwachangu zomwe zili mufoda iliyonse komanso fayilo yomwe mukufuna.
Mwachidule, kupanga zikwatu ndi ntchito yofunikira koma yofunikira kuti mukonzekere bwino ndikupeza mafayilo athu a digito ndi zolemba. Potsatira masitepe ndi malangizo omwe tawatchula m'nkhaniyi, mudzatha kudziwa bwino lusoli pamakina omwe mumakonda. Kumbukirani kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mafoda mwanzeru kumakupatsani mwayi woti mukhale ndi magwiridwe antchito ambiri ndikusunga mafayilo anu mwadongosolo komanso kuti athe kufikako. Chifukwa chake musazengereze kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitsochi ndikusangalala ndi malo ogwirira ntchito mwadongosolo komanso ogwira mtima. Zabwino zonse!
Ndine Sebastián Vidal, mainjiniya apakompyuta omwe amakonda ukadaulo komanso DIY. Komanso, ine ndine mlengi wa tecnobits.com, komwe ndimagawana nawo maphunziro kuti ukadaulo ukhale wofikirika komanso womveka kwa aliyense.