Kodi nditani ngati ndalama zanga zakubanki zabedwa? Kalozera wathunthu

¿Kodi nditani ngati ndalama zanga zakubanki zabedwa? Kukhala mkhole wakuba akaunti yakubanki ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodetsa nkhawa komanso zosalimba zomwe mungakumane nazo masiku ano a digito. Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komanso kuchuluka kwa mabanki pa intaneti kwabweretsa zovuta zatsopano zomwe zigawenga zapaintaneti zimapezerapo mwayi kuchita zachinyengo komanso kuwononga ndalama za anthu ena. Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti pali njira zomveka komanso ufulu walamulo womwe mungagwiritse ntchito kuti mubweze ndalama zanu ndikuchepetsa zowonongeka.

M'nkhaniyi, tifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane komanso m'njira yodziwika bwino momwe muyenera kuchita ngati banki yanu yabedwa, ndi ufulu wanji womwe muli nawo, njira zotani zoperekera chiwongola dzanja, momwe ngongole kubanki imagwirira ntchito, ndi zomwe mungachite kuti mudziteteze mtsogolo. Timafotokozeranso kusiyana kwa mitundu ya makhadi, malangizo ochokera kumabungwe monga Bank of Spain ndi Spanish Data Protection Agency, ndikuyankha mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi potengera zomwe zaposachedwa komanso zofunikira pamsika waku Spain.

Kodi kuba ku banki kumaphatikizapo chiyani komanso momwe zimachitikira nthawi zambiri

Kuba akaunti yakubanki kumatha kuchitika m'njira zambiri, ngakhale zofala kwambiri ndi zachinyengo (maimelo achinyengo kapena ma SMS), kubedwa kwa foni, komanso kutulutsa zidziwitso chifukwa cha kuphwanya chitetezo. Zigawenga zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zotsogola kwambiri potengera mabanki, mabungwe aboma, kapena makampani kuti apeze manambala anu achinsinsi, manambala otsimikizira, kapena kungowasokoneza kuti azitha kulowa muakaunti yanu.

Nthawi zina, zachinyengo zimachitika potumiza anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi mawebusayiti abodza omwe amatengera mabanki ovomerezeka pa intaneti kapena kuyimba foni akudzinamizira kuti ndi antchito aku banki. Kufikira kumafalanso kudzera mu ma virus apakompyuta kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mwachinyengo data ya ID, ndi cholinga chochita malonda m'dzina la kasitomala.

Muzochitika zonse, zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana: Achinyengo amatha kulipiritsa, kusamutsa, kupempha ngongole, ngakhale maakaunti opanda kanthu kapena kugula zinthu mosaloledwa popanda chilolezo cha eni ake.

Zigawenga zapaintaneti zikuchulukirachulukira kutengerapo mwayi pompopompo komanso chidaliro chomwe chimapangidwa ndi mauthenga a digito ndi mafoni, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kofunika kusamala kwambiri ndikudziwa momwe mungadziwire khalidwe lokayikitsa.

Ngongole ya banki: zomwe malamulo ndi malamulo anena

Ku Spain, onse a Payment Services Law ndi Royal Decree 19/2018 amatsimikizira kuti mabanki ali ndi udindo wobweza ndalama zomwe zabedwa pazochita zosaloledwa, pokhapokha ngati angatsimikizire kusasamala kwakukulu kwa kasitomala. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, malamulowa amapangidwa kuti ateteze ogula, ndipo katundu wa umboni amagwera ku banki.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti, pokhapokha banki ingatsimikizire kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adagawana mapasiwedi awo kapena adachita mosasamala, iyenera kubwezera ndalama zomwe zidabedwa, kuphatikiza chiwongola dzanja chovomerezeka. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi malamulo amilandu, kuphatikiza zigamulo za Khothi Lalikulu, lomwe likunena kuti kukhala woberedwa mwachinyengo sikutanthauza kunyalanyaza kwakukulu kwa kasitomala.

Udindo wobwezera ndalamazo umaonedwa kuti ndi cholinga, kutanthauza kuti Ngakhale banki ikatsutsa kuti panali kusasamala, iyenera kutsimikizira kuti izi zinalidi zofunika komanso zotsimikizika pazachinyengo.

Kuphatikiza apo, mabanki ali ndi udindo wokhala ndi chitetezo chapamwamba, monga kutsimikizika kwazinthu ziwiri, ndipo akuyenera kuyang'anira momwe mabanki awo amagwirira ntchito pa intaneti. Pamene kuphwanya chitetezo kapena kuwonongeka kumachitika, chiopsezo chimagwera kubanki, osati makasitomala.

Njira zoyamba mutazindikira kuti zabedwa za banki yanu

Ngati muzindikira kuti zambiri zamabanki zabedwa kapena ndalama zokayikitsa zaperekedwa ku akaunti yanu, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu komanso molondola. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuchepetsa kuwonongeka ndikuwonjezera mwayi wopeza ndalama zanu.

• Lipoti kupolisi: Pitani ku National Police Station kapena Civil Guard Barracks mwamsanga kuti mupereke lipoti la zomwe zinachitika. Lipotili likhala lofunikira kuti muthandizire zomwe mukufuna ku banki ndi mabungwe ena.
• Kulumikizana mwachangu ndi banki yanu: Dziwitsani banki yanu za zomwe zachitika posachedwa, kufotokozera zomwe mwachita mosaloledwa ndikupatseni lipotilo. Pemphani kuti makhadi ndi maakaunti omwe akhudzidwawo atsekedwe kapena kuletsedwa, ndipo pemphani kuti mubwezedwe msanga ndalama zomwe munabedwazo.
• Kusintha mawu achinsinsi ndikulimbitsa chitetezo: Sinthani mapasiwedi anu onse aakaunti yapaintaneti ndikuthandizira kutsimikizika kwazinthu ziwiri ngati simunatero. Izi ndizofunikira kuti muchepetse mwayi wopeza anthu azachinyengo komanso kupewa chinyengo china.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mukhoza kudziwitsa a Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) ngati zambiri zanu zasokonezedwa, kuti athe kufufuza molakwika deta yanu ndikupereka malangizo pa ufulu wanu.

Momwe mungadandaule ku banki: masitepe mwatsatanetsatane ndi malangizo othandiza

Dandaulo lokhazikika ku banki liyenera kuyambika posachedwa, ndipo kulumikizana konse kuyenera kukhala kolembedwa kapena kujambulidwa. M'munsimu tikufotokoza njira zothandiza kwambiri:

1. Kutumiza kovomerezeka kwa zodandaula: Tumizani kalata ku dipatimenti ya Customer Service ya banki yanu, kufotokoza zoona zake, kulumikiza lipoti la apolisi, ndi kupempha kubwezeredwa kwa ndalama zakuba. Funsani yankho lolembedwa.
2. Documentación complementaria: Ndibwino kupereka zikalata zaku banki, maimelo okayikitsa omwe alandilidwa, zithunzi zowonera, kapena umboni uliwonse womwe umagwirizana ndi mtundu wanu ndikuwonetsa kuti panalibe chilolezo pakugulitsako.
3. Pitani ku Bank of Spain: Ngati simukulandira yankho pakadutsa miyezi iwiri kapena banki ikana pempho lanu, mutha kudandaula ku Bank of Spain. Lipoti lawo silimangiriridwa, koma lingakhale lothandiza kwambiri ngati umboni pazotsatira zotsatila.

Musaiwale kusunga zolembedwa zonse ndikuumirira paufulu wanu, popeza malamulo ndi makhoti amakonda kukondera anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi chinyengo cha banki, makamaka ngati atachitapo kanthu mwachangu ndikuwuza zachinyengozo mwachangu.

Kunyalanyaza kwakukulu: pamene banki ikhoza kukana kubwezera ndalamazo

Nkhani yokhayo yomwe bungwe lingapewe udindo wake wobwezera ndalama ndi pamene likutsimikizira kuti wogulayo anali wosasamala kwambiri. Algunos ejemplos podrían ser:

• Kupereka zambiri za banki ndi mawu achinsinsi kwa anthu ena mosasamala komanso momveka bwino.
• Kulephera kupereka lipoti lakuba kapena chinyengo kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwina.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zili ndi kachilombo popanda chitetezo kapena kugawana mawu achinsinsi poyera.

Kugwa chifukwa chachinyengo kapena kuvutitsidwa ndi webusayiti yabodza ponamizira kuti ndi ya banki sikuwoneka ngati kusasamala kapena vuto la kasitomala. Lamulo lamilandu lakhazikitsa izi mobwerezabwereza. Chifukwa chake, ngati mwachita bwino ndikuwuza zomwe zachitika mwachangu, banki isakane kukulipirani.

Kusiyana kwa ma kirediti kadi ndi ma kirediti kadi pakachitika zachinyengo

Pakachitika kubedwa kwa data yamakhadi, pali kusiyana kwalamulo kutengera mtundu wa khadi lomwe lakhudzidwa:

• Tarjeta de crédito: Bungwe la Fair Credit Billing Act (FCBA) limayimitsa eni makhadi kuti akhale ndi ngongole yopitilira $50 (mu European Union, ndalamazo zitha kusiyanasiyana, koma mabanki ambiri amapereka "ziro mangawa" pochita), malinga ngati mutapereka lipoti lachinyengo mwachangu.
• Tarjeta de débito: Lamulo la Electronic Funds Transfer Act (EFTA) limakutetezani, koma ngati simunena zakuba kapena chinyengo mkati mwa masiku awiri abizinesi, mutha kukhala ndi mlandu wofikira $500 (kapena yofanana ndi ma euro) pamilandu yachinyengo.

Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kirediti kadi polipira pa intaneti komanso osasunga zandalama pazida zogawana kapena zopanda chitetezo.

Kufunika koteteza deta yaumwini ndi yakubanki

Kugwiritsa ntchito ID, siginecha yamagetsi, ndi zidziwitso zina zamunthu nthawi zambiri zimafunikira pazochitika zambiri zapaintaneti, ndipo kutsitsa kungayambitse kuba zidziwitso zakubanki kapena kupangana mwachinyengo ngongole ndi ntchito. Ndikofunikira kuti muteteze zikalata zonse zaumwini ndipo, ngati mukukayikira kuti mulibe chilolezo, funsani banki yanu komanso Spanish Data Protection Agency.

• Ngati zitupa zabedwa: Lemberani dandaulo nthawi yomweyo ndikudziwitsa mabungwe azachuma kuti athe kusamala.
• Funsani za Risk Information Center: Ngati mukukayikira kuti ngongole yatsegulidwa m'dzina lanu, yang'anani momwe zinthu zilili pa ngongole yanu ndipo fotokozerani zolakwika zilizonse.

Osadetsa kufunikira kwa zidziwitso zaumwini: zigawenga zitha kuzigwiritsa ntchito m'dzina lanu ndikuwononga ndalama komanso malamulo.

Mabungwe ndi zothandizira zothandizira omwe akhudzidwa

Muzochitika izi, pali mabungwe ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana omwe angakutsogolereni ndikukuthandizani kuthetsa vutoli:

• Apolisi ndi Civil Guard: Akuchitapo kanthu pakuyimbidwa milandu yapaintaneti ndipo ali ndi udindo wofufuza pambuyo pa madandaulo.
• Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD): Akhoza kukutsogolerani paufulu wanu, kufufuza kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa zambiri zanu, ndi kukuthandizani kudandaula.
• Ntchito zamakasitomala ndi chitetezo chamakasitomala akubanki: Mabanki ayenera kukhala ndi ntchito yapadera yosamalira milanduyi.
• Mabungwe oteteza ogula: Mabungwe monga FACUA kapena makampani azamalamulo apadera atha kupereka upangiri ndi chithandizo pazolinga.
• Mabungwe angongole ndi kuyang'anira zidziwitso: Makampani apadera atha kukuthandizani kuyang'anira mbiri yanu yazachuma ndikuwona zomwe zimachitika mosagwirizana.

Malangizo owonjezera kuti mupewe ndi kuchitapo kanthu pazachinyengo zamtsogolo

Kuphatikiza pazotsatira zamalamulo ndi oyang'anira, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu kuti mulimbikitse chitetezo chanu ndikuchepetsa zoopsa:

• Osapereka mawu achinsinsi kapena zambiri zakubanki kudzera pamaimelo okayikitsa kapena maulalo.
• Chenjerani ndi mafoni kapena mauthenga omwe akunamizira kuti akuchokera ku banki yanu ndikufunsani zambiri zachinsinsi.
• Sungani zida zanu zaposachedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma antivayirasi abwino komanso ma firewall.
• Sinthani mawu anu achinsinsi nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuwapanga kukhala apadera pa ntchito iliyonse.
• Onetsetsani kuti masamba omwe mumayikamo data yanu ndi ovomerezeka ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito kubisa kotetezedwa (https).
• Yang'anani maakaunti anu aku banki pafupipafupi ndikuwonetsa zochitika zilizonse zachilendo.
• Ganizirani zolembetsa kuti mufufuze mbiri yanu komanso kuyang'anira ngongole ngati mukukayikira mobwerezabwereza zachinyengo.
• Kodi ndingaletse bwanji pulogalamu yanga yaku banki ngati foni yanga yatayika kapena kubedwa?

Pomaliza, kumbukirani kuti mabanki sapempha zinsinsi zanu kudzera pa imelo kapena foni, ndipo ngati muli ndi mafunso, ndi bwino kulumikizana ndi nthambi yanu kapena kasitomala mwachindunji.

Kuchita ndi kuba kwa akaunti ya banki kungakhale kovuta, koma podziwa ufulu wanu, kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga, ndikutsatira ndondomeko yoyenera, mukhoza kuchepetsa kuwonongeka ndikubwezeretsanso ndalama zanu nthawi zambiri. Lamuloli limathandizira ogula ndipo limafuna kuti mabanki azigwira ntchitoyo pokhudzana ndi chitetezo; ngati muchita zinthu moona mtima ndikunena zachinyengo mwachangu, mudzakhala ndi mwayi wolandira yankho kuchokera kubanki. Kukhala odziwa zambiri, kusamala ndi zomwe mwapeza, komanso kulimbikitsa maphunziro anu a digito ndi zida zabwino kwambiri zopewera milanduyi komanso kuteteza katundu wanu kwa zigawenga zapaintaneti. Tikukhulupirira kuti mukudziwa tsopano Kodi nditani ngati ndalama zanga zakubanki zabedwa?