Kodi hardware yamakompyuta ndi chiyani ndipo ntchito yake ndi yotani?

Ngati mukuyamba mu dziko la kompyuta, ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe Kodi hardware ya kompyuta ndi chiyani ndipo ntchito yake ndi yotani?. Makompyuta akupitiriza kukhalapo m'miyoyo yathu, lero kuposa kale lonse: timawagwiritsa ntchito pophunzira, kugwira ntchito, kusangalala ndi kuchita ntchito zina zopanda malire. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake ndi kugwira ntchito kumadalira zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimapanga izo, zomwe zimadziwika kuti hardware.

Koma kodi hardware ya kompyuta ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Kuti mitundu ya hardware Zilipo ndipo zimapanga zinthu ziti? Ndi chiyani Ntchito zazikulu Kodi hardware yamakompyuta imachita chiyani? Pansipa, mupeza kalozera wathunthu wokhala ndi zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa za Hardware komanso kufunikira kwake m'chilengedwe cha digito.

Kodi hardware ya kompyuta ndi chiyani?

kompyuta hardware

M'mawu osavuta, hardware ya kompyuta ndi zinthu zonse zakuthupi zomwe zimapanga ndikupangitsa kuti ntchito yake ikhale yotheka. Zinthu izi zitha kukhala zamagetsi, zamagetsi, zamakina ndi ma electromechanical. Makhalidwe awo akuluakulu ndi ogwirika (amatha kuwonedwa ndi kukhudzidwa), ndipo amapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito yonse.

Pankhani ya makompyuta apanyumba, hardware imaphatikizapo zinthu monga monitor, kiyibodi ndi mbewa, webcam, motherboard, unit yosungirako kapena RAM. Zigawo zonsezi zimatha kuwonedwa ndikukhudzidwa, ndipo zimagwira ntchito inayake kuti kompyuta igwire ntchito moyenera.

Ntchito yaikulu ya hardware kompyuta ndi zimagwira ntchito ngati chithandizo chakuthupi komanso galimoto yoyendetsera pulogalamu yomwe yayikidwa. Mapulogalamu ndi lingaliro logwirizana kwambiri ndi hardware, ndipo limatanthawuza mapulogalamu onse omwe amayenda pa kompyuta. Chifukwa chake, hardware zimapangitsa kuti wogwiritsa ntchito azilumikizana ndi pulogalamuyo ndikumulola kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kwa ntchito zambiri komanso zosiyanasiyana.

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Chinanso chomwe muyenera kudziwa paza Hardware ndikuti, kumlingo waukulu, chimatsimikizira kuthamanga ndi kuthekera kwa kompyuta kuti igwire ntchito. Ndiko kuti, Zida zamakompyuta zimayika malire ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu za pulogalamuyo.. Mwachitsanzo, ma hardware omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera (makadi ojambula, galimoto yosungiramo zinthu, ndi zigawo zina) amafunika kuyendetsa mapulogalamu ena kapena machitidwe opangira. (Mawindo, MacOS, Linux). Izi zimapangitsa nthawi zina kukhala zofunika onjezerani PC hardware kuti mutha kugwira ntchito zatsopano popanda zopinga.

Mitundu ya Hardware: Magulu osiyanasiyana

Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti mapangidwe a hardware a makompyuta amatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi kompyuta kapena laputopu. Komabe, muzochitika zonsezi titha kupeza zinthu zomwezo: chophimba, kiyibodi, mbewa, bolodi, malo osungira, RAM, webcam, etc. Tsopano, gulu lonse la zigawo za hardware zitha kugawidwa motengera:

  • Kufunika kwake: Zida zoyambira kapena zofunikira, ndi zida zowonjezera kapena zotayika.
  • Malo ake kapena masanjidwe ake: Zida zamkati (mkati mwa nsanja ya CPU kapena chikwama) ndi zida zakunja (mbewa, kiyibodi, skrini, okamba, ndi zina).
  • Ntchito yake: Kukonza, kusungirako, kulowetsa ndi kutulutsa zida.

Gulu la hardware malinga ndi kufunikira kwake

Internal Hardware Computer

Titha kupanga gulu loyamba la zida zamakompyuta potengera kufunika kwake. M'lingaliro limeneli, tikhoza kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya zigawo zikuluzikulu: zoyambira ndi zowonjezera.

Zida zoyambira

Zida zoyambira ndizo zomwe Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti kompyuta igwire ntchito. molondola. Popanda zigawozi, sizingatheke kugwira ntchito zodziwika bwino zamakompyuta. M'malo mwake, tinganene kuti, popanda chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zigawozi, kompyuta yokha sikanakhalapo. Zinthu izi ndi:

  • Processor (CPU): Ndi ubongo wa kompyuta, wofunikira kuti ugwire ntchito iliyonse.
  • Kunyina: Zili ngati msana umene umagwirizanitsa ndi kuyankhulana ndi zigawo zonse.
  • Kukumbukira kwa RAM: Ndi kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa, kofunikira pakuyendetsa mapulogalamu ndikusunga kwakanthawi kochepa.
  • yosungirako choyambirira: Hard drive kapena SSD, gawo lomwe limasunga deta mpaka kalekale.
  • Mphamvu zamagetsi: Udindo wopereka mphamvu ku zigawo zonse.
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Zida zowonjezera

Kumbali ina, pali zida zowonjezera, zomwe sizofunikira kuti kompyuta igwire ntchito. M'malo mwake, cholinga chake ndi kukonza magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito apakompyuta. Komanso fimathandizira kulumikizana kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi gulu ndipo amakulolani kuchita ntchito zambiri m'njira yabwinoko. Zitsanzo zina ndi:

  • Kulowetsa ndi kutulutsa zotumphukira: mbewa, kiyibodi, webcam, monitor, printer, etc.
  • Khadi lazithunzi: Imawongolera mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, makamaka pamasewera ndi zojambula.
  • Khadi laphokoso: Imakweza mawu abwino.
  • Kuyendetsa koyang'ana: Amawerenga ndikulemba ma CD ndi ma DVD (ochulukirachulukira).
  • Mafani ndi machitidwe ozizira: Iwo ali ndi udindo wosunga zigawo za makompyuta pa kutentha koyenera.

Kutengera komwe muli

kompyuta zotumphukira hardware

M'mawonekedwe, titha kuyika zida zamakompyuta malinga ndi malo ake kapena makonzedwe ake. The zigawo zooneka bwino tikhoza kuzitcha zakunja, pamene iwo omwe sawoneka Amatchedwa amkati. Tiyeni tione zitsanzo za magulu onsewa

Zida zamkati

The hardware mkati zikuphatikizapo zofunikira ndi zowonjezera, zomwe zingakhale:

  • Purosesa.
  • Base mbale.
  • RAM.
  • Magawo osungira mkati.
  • Zithunzi ndi khadi lamawu.
  • mafani.
  • Magetsi.
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Zida zakunja

Pa hardware kunja kwa kompyuta timapeza zigawo zambiri zowonjezera, monga:

  • Kiyibodi ndi mbewa
  • Webukamu
  • Scanner ndi printer
  • polojekiti
  • Oyankhula.
  • Joystick
  • Ma hard drive akunja
  • Kupereka

Gulu la zida zamakompyuta malinga ndi ntchito yake

kompyuta hardware purosesa

Pomaliza, gulu lachitatu la zida zamakompyuta zimakhazikitsidwa molingana ndi ntchito yake mkati mwadongosolo. Chigawo chilichonse chimagwira ntchito inayake kuti chitheke ndondomeko, kusunga kapena kukonza zambiri.

processing hardware

Kukonzekera kwa hardware kumaphatikizapo zigawo zonse zomwe zimagwira ntchito perekani malangizo ndi mawerengedwe zowonetsedwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito. Zinthu izi zimayendetsa kukumbukira ndi kusungirako, ndikugwirizanitsa magwiridwe antchito a zida zina zonse. Zimaphatikizapo purosesa kapena CPU (Central Processing Unit) ndi boardboard.

Zida zosungira

Zida zosungirako zimagwira ntchito limodzi ndi ma hardware okonza, ndipo ndi udindo wosunga deta ndi chidziwitso. Mwa ntchito zina, imasunga mafayilo, imayendetsa mapulogalamu ndikulola kuti opareshoni igwire ntchito. Ma hard drive, hard state drives, ndi RAM ndi zina mwa zitsanzo zamtunduwu.

Zida zolowetsa ndi zotulutsa

Pomaliza, tili ndi zida zolowera ndi zotulutsa, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti zotumphukira za I/O. Zigawo izi kuthandizira kulumikizana pakati pa wogwiritsa ntchito ndi kompyutandi lolani kompyuta yanu kulumikizana ndi zida zina. Zida zolowetsa zimajambula zambiri kuchokera kunja ndikuzidyetsa mu kompyuta: makiyibodi, mbewa, maikolofoni, sikani, makamera apaintaneti. Kwa mbali yake, zida zotulutsa zimatenga zomwe zakonzedwa ndi kompyuta ndikuzipereka kwa wogwiritsa ntchito kapena kuzitumiza ku zida zina (zowunikira, osindikiza, okamba, ndi zina).

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