Kodi Tmux: Buku Loyamba

Pali chida cha mzere wolamula kuti muzitha kuyendetsa bwino magawo angapo omwe amadziwika kwambiri m'malo a Unix, monga Linux kapena macOS. M'nkhaniyi tifotokoza Tmux ndi chiyani. Kalozera kakang'ono kothandiza kwa oyamba kumene.

Tmux ndi chidule cha Terminal Multiplexer. Tanthauzo la multiplexer tikamalankhula za ma terminals ndi pulogalamu yomwe imalola wogwiritsa ntchito Sinthani magawo angapo amtundu wamtundu umodzi. Chida chomwe chimakhala chothandiza makamaka pogwira ntchito ndi ma seva akutali kapena pakufunika kuchita malamulo angapo nthawi imodzi m'mawindo osiyanasiyana.

Tmux ndi chiyani?

Monga ma terminal multiplexer abwino, Tmux imatilola gawani gawo limodzi lomaliza kukhala mawindo ang'onoang'ono kapena mapanelo angapo mkati mwa zenera la terminal lomwe. Mwanjira imeneyi, tingathe perekani chilichonse mwamawindo ang'onoang'ono awa kuti muyendetse mapulogalamu kapena magawo osiyanasiyana shell. Chomwecho chinali cholinga cha mlengi wake, Nicholas Marriott, pomwe idakhazikitsa mtundu woyamba wa multiplexer mu 2007.

Mbali ina yosangalatsa ndi yakuti imatithandiza chotsani ndikulumikizanso gawo nthawi iliyonse popanda kusokoneza njira zomwe zikuyenda. Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri pochita ndi kulumikizana kwakutali kapena ntchito zazitali.

Izi zimapangitsa kuti pulogalamu ya Tmux ikhale yoyenera pamitundu ina ya ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, izi:

• Zosintha pa ma seva akutali.
• Zochita zokha ndi kuyang'anira ntchito.
• Kukonzekera koyenera kwa ntchito zambiri.

Njira yodziwika kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito Tmux ndi kupanga magawo angapo odziyimira pawokha. (imodzi yachitukuko, ina yowunikira, ena kuyang'anira seva, ndi zina zotero) zomwe tingathe kuyendetsa bwino kuchokera ku polojekiti yomweyo, kutha kudumpha kuchokera ku gawo limodzi kupita ku lina mosavuta komanso nthawi iliyonse yomwe tikufuna.

Momwe mungakhalire Tmux

Tsopano popeza tadziwa kuti Tmux ndi chiyani, tiyeni tiwone momwe tingayikitsire pa kompyuta yathu. Kuyika Tmux ndikosavuta pamakina opangira Unix monga macOS kapena Linux. Tikufotokoza apa:

Pa macOS

Kuyika Tmux pa macOS Tmux timagwiritsa ntchito phukusi loyang'anira Homebrew. Awa ndi malamulo omwe tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mu terminal:

1. Kwa kukhazikitsa homebrew: «$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)«
2. Kwa kukhazikitsa Tmux: brew khalani tmux
3. Kwa onetsetsani kukhazikitsa: mutu -V

Pa Linux

Ngati ndi machitidwe ozikidwa pa Arch Linux, ndizotheka kukhazikitsa Tmux kuchokera ku Arch repository yovomerezeka. Njirayi ndiyosavuta:

• Khwerero 1: Timatsegula terminal.
• Khwerero 2: Timayika Tmux pogwiritsa ntchito woyang'anira phukusi pacman:

Pa Mawindo

Inde, ndizothekanso kukhazikitsa Tmux pa Windows, ngakhale pamenepa ndondomekoyi ndi yovuta kwambiri:

1. Gawo loyamba ndi kukhazikitsa WSL (Mawindo a Linux). Kuti muchite izi, tsegulani PowerShell monga woyang'anira ndikuyendetsa lamulo ili: wsl -install
2. Pambuyo pake timatsegula kugawa kwathu kwa Linux mkati mwa WSL ndipo timatsatira malangizowo. Malamulo omwe tikufuna ndi awa:
   • sudo apt update
   • sudo apt kukhazikitsa tmux
3. Pomaliza, kuti tiyambe kugwiritsa ntchito Tmux timapereka lamulo ili: tmux

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito Tmux

Kuti muyambe kugwiritsa ntchito Tmux, choyamba muyenera kumvetsetsa momwe gulu lanu lilili. Gawo lililonse lotseguka limaphatikizapo gulu la mazenera. Iliyonse mwa mazenera awa ndi ofanana terminal, kotero gawo limodzi litha kukhala ndi mawindo angapo. Pomaliza, mazenera amathanso kugawidwa kukhala mapanelo.

Chinthu chomwe chimatilola kugwiritsa ntchito Tmux mwachangu ndikutha kugwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana njira zazifupi za kiyibodi. Izi ndizofala komanso zothandiza:

• Tmux prefix: Ctrl + b
• Pangani zenera latsopano: Ctrl + b, kenako c
• Gawani zenera (chopingasa): Ctrl + b, kenako «
• Gawani zenera (molunjika): Ctrl + b, kenako %
• Yendani pakati pa mapanelo: Ctrl + b, ndiye timagwiritsa ntchito mivi.
• Chotsani gawo: Ctrl + b, kenako d
• Lumikizaninso gawo: tmux ku
• Tsekani gulu kapena zenera: kutuluka kapena Ctrl + d

Kuphatikiza pa izi, Tmux imatipatsa chidwi zosankha zosintha mwamakonda. Izi ndizotheka popanga fayilo yosinthira yomwe wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense akhoza kuwonjezera kachidindo malinga ndi zomwe amakonda komanso zomwe amakonda.

Kuti mupange fayiloyi, muyenera kuyendetsa lamulo ili: sudo touch ~/.tmux.conf

Kuti tiwonjezere kachidindo kachikhazikitso, tiyenera kutsegula fayilo ndi mkonzi wa malemba ndikulowetsa makonda omwe tikufuna. Apo iwo amapita zitsanzo zina zomwe titha kugwiritsa ntchito:

Sinthani prefix yokhazikika

Ngati tikufuna Ctrl + a m'malo mwa Ctrl + b, tikanalemba zotsatirazi:

# Sinthani prefix kuchoka pa 'Ctrl+B' kukhala 'Ctrl+A'

tsegulani Cb

set-option -g prefix Ca

bind-key Ca kutumiza-prefix

Gwiritsani ntchito mouse mode

Kuti muchotse njira zazifupi ndikusuntha mawindo ndi mapanelo pogwiritsa ntchito mbewa. Lamulo ndi:

set -g mbewa pa

Sinthani mtundu wakumbuyo

Ngati mukufuna kusintha maziko kuchokera ku zakuda (zosasintha) kukhala zoyera, ili lingakhale lamulo loti mugwiritse ntchito:

set -g window-active-style bg=white

Mupeza zamatsenga zambiri zamtunduwu pa intaneti TMUXCheatSheet.

Mwachidule, zonse zomwe tafotokoza pano zimatithandiza kutsimikizira kuti Tmux ndi chiyani: chida champhamvu kwambiri komanso chothandiza, makamaka kwa omanga ndi oyang'anira dongosolo. Mwambiri, kwa wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense amene akufunika Gwirani ntchito moyenera ndi ma terminals angapo komanso njira imodzi.