La tarjeta gráfica Ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pamakompyuta aliwonse omwe amawonetsa zithunzi ndi makanema. Ichi ndi chida chapadera cha hardware chomwe chimayang'anira kukonza ndi kupanga zithunzi zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pa polojekiti. Kufunika kwake kwagona kuti kumakupatsani mwayi wowongolera kwambiri mawonekedwe azithunzi, komanso kufulumizitsa chiwonetsero chazithunzi za 2D ndi 3D. M'nkhaniyi, tiwonanso kuti khadi lazithunzi ndi chiyani komanso ntchito yake yayikulu pakompyuta.
Una tarjeta gráfica Ndi bolodi losindikizidwa lomwe lili ndi magawo osiyanasiyana opangira zithunzi, monga purosesa yazithunzi kapena GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), kukumbukira makanema, ndi owongolera. Zinthuzi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti zizichita masamu ambiri ovuta komanso ma algorithms opangidwa kuti asinthe deta ya digito kukhala zithunzi zowoneka. pazenera del monitor.
La función principal de una tarjeta gráfica Zimakhala kutenga zidziwitso za digito zomwe zimachokera ku purosesa yayikulu ya kompyuta ndikusintha kukhala ma siginecha amakanema oyenera kuwonetsedwa pamonitor. Kuti izi zitheke, khadi lojambula zithunzi limagwiritsa ntchito deta kuti lifotokoze chigamulo, mtundu, kusiyana ndi zina zowonetsera chithunzi chomaliza. Kuphatikiza apo, ilinso ndi udindo wofulumizitsa magwiridwe antchito pazithunzi ndi ntchito zokhudzana ndi makanema, monga kusewera makanema otanthauzira kwambiri kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kumasulira kwabwino kwa 3D.
Powombetsa mkota, las tarjetas gráficas Amakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakukonza ndi kupanga zithunzi pamakompyuta, kulola mawonekedwe abwinoko komanso kufulumizitsa ntchito zokhudzana ndi zithunzi ndi makanema. Popanda iwo, chidziwitso cha ogwiritsa ntchito chikanakhala chochepa komanso chochepa chamadzimadzi poyang'ana. M'magawo otsatirawa a nkhaniyi, tiwona mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makadi ojambula, momwe tingasankhire yoyenera kwambiri pazosowa zathu ndi zina zaukadaulo zoyenera kuziganizira.
Chiyambi: Lingaliro ndi ntchito za khadi lazithunzi
A khadi lazithunzi, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti khadi la kanema kapena GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), ndi gawo lofunikira pamakompyuta aliwonse masiku ano. ntchito yake yaikulu ndi pokonza ndi kusonyeza zithunzi, mavidiyo ndi zithunzi pa polojekiti. Kupyolera mu mphamvu yake yogwiritsira ntchito komanso kukwanitsa kugwiritsira ntchito ma data akuluakulu, khadi lojambula zithunzi limatha kupanga zithunzi zapamwamba komanso kupereka zozizwitsa zowoneka bwino.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makadi ojambula, omwe amagwirizana ndi zosowa zenizeni za wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense. mwachitsanzo, makadi azithunzi ophatikizika amapangidwa mu bokosi la makompyuta ndipo ndi abwino kuchita zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga kusakatula pa intaneti, kulemba zikalata, kapena kusewera makanema otsika. Kumbali ina, makhadi odzipatulira odzipatulira ndi zida zodziyimira pawokha zomwe zimalumikizana ndi bolodi kudzera pa slot. PCI Express ndipo ndi amphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino pazochita zowoneka bwino monga masewera, kusintha makanema, kapena kupanga zithunzi.
Kuphatikiza pa kukonza zithunzi, makadi ojambula amasamaliranso ntchito zina zofunika. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi kufulumizitsa zida, yomwe imalola mapulogalamu ena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya khadi lojambula zithunzi kuti afulumizitse kuwerengera ndi njira zina. Izi ndizothandiza makamaka pakupanga kwa 3D ndikugwiritsa ntchito, pomwe khadi yojambula imatha kufulumizitsa nthawi yoperekera. Ntchito ina yofunika ndi kasamalidwe kambiri. Makhadi ena ojambula amatha kuyendetsa zowunikira zingapo nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimalola ogwiritsa ntchito kuti awonjezere malo awo ogwirira ntchito ndikusangalala ndi zokolola zambiri pakuchita zinthu zambiri kapena zogwiritsa ntchito zambiri. Momwemonso, makadi ojambula amaphatikizanso teknoloji yowonetsera zida zapamwamba, monga kuthandizira zisankho za 4K, HDR, komanso kuthekera kosewera za 3D. Izi zimapangitsa makadi ojambula kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwa iwo omwe akufuna kusangalala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba pamakompyuta awo.
Zigawo zazikulu za khadi lazithunzi
A khadi lazithunzi Ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pa kompyutamakamaka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe akufuna kuchita ntchito zokhudzana ndi zojambulajambula, kusintha makanema kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikukonza ndikuwonetsa zithunzi pazenera bwino y munthawi yeniyeni.
Zigawo zazikulu Makhadi azithunzi amaphatikizapo purosesa yazithunzi, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti GPU, yomwe imayang'anira kuwerengera kofunikira kuti ipereke zithunzi ndi zowoneka. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi kukumbukira kodzipereka, komwe kumadziwika kuti VRAM, komwe kumasunga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula zithunzi. Ilinso ndi cholumikizira kapena madoko otulutsa, monga HDMI kapena DisplayPort, kuti mulumikizane ndi chowunikira kapena kanema wawayilesi.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posankha khadi yojambula ndi yake magwiridwe antchito. Izi zimayesedwa potengera kuchuluka kwa mawerengedwe omwe GPU ingachite pa sekondi imodzi (mafupipafupi), komanso kuchuluka kwa kukumbukira kwa VRAM komwe ili nako. A magwiridwe antchito apamwamba Zimakupatsani mwayi wosangalala ndi masewera ofunikira kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsatanetsatane komanso kusamvana.
Mwachidule, makadi ojambula ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakukonza zithunzi pakompyuta. Mphamvu zake zogwirira ntchito ndi mphamvu ya kukumbukira zimakhudza ubwino ndi madzi azithunzi zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pazenera. Posankha khadi lojambula, ndikofunikira kulingalira momwe zimagwirira ntchito komanso zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimapanga.
Kufunika kwa khadi lazithunzi pazida
A khadi lazithunzi Ndi gawo lofunikira pazida zamagetsi, monga makompyuta ndi makanema apakanema, chifukwa ili ndi udindo wokonza ndikuwonetsa zithunzi pazenera. Mosiyana ndi magawo ena a Hardware, makadi ojambula amaperekedwa kuti azigwira ndikupereka zojambula, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ofunikira kwambiri pantchito zomwe zimafunikira mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso olondola. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthekera kwake kofulumizitsa ntchito zojambulira ndikofunikira pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito komanso luso la ogwiritsa ntchito, makamaka pamapulogalamu ndi masewera omwe amafunikira.
The makadi ojambula zithunzi Amakhala ndi graphics processing unit (GPU), kukumbukira odzipereka, zolumikizira ndi madoko olumikizirana ndi zipangizo zina. GPU ndiye mtima wa khadi ndipo ili ndi udindo wopanga mawerengero ofunikira kuti apange ndikuwongolera zithunzi munthawi yeniyeni. Pomwe kufunikira kwazithunzi zapamwamba kwambiri kumawonjezeka, makhadi ojambulira amasintha ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito awo, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma cores ndi kukumbukira kuti athe kuthana ndi zithunzi zovuta kwambiri.
La khadi lazithunzi Zimakhudza kwambiri zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amakumana nazo akamalumikizana ndi zida zawo. Sikuti zimangothandizira kuwoneka zenizeni mu masewera amakanema ndi ntchito multimedia, komanso ndiyofunikira pa ntchito monga zojambulajambula, makanema ojambula pa 3D, kusintha makanema ndi kumasulira. Pokhala ndi khadi lojambula lamphamvu, zida zimatha kuwonetsa zithunzi zowoneka bwino komanso zowoneka bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kumizidwa bwino komanso mawonekedwe aziwoneka bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, makhadi ena ojambulira amaperekanso zina zowonjezera monga kutha kulumikiza zowunikira zingapo ndikuthandizira matekinoloje apamwamba monga. zenizeni zenizeni ndi kutsatira ray.
Malangizo posankha khadi yoyenera yojambula
Makhadi azithunzi ndizofunikira pakompyuta iliyonse, chifukwa ali ndi udindo wokonza ndi kupereka zithunzi, makanema ndi makanema pazithunzi. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito komanso mawonekedwe amasewera, mapangidwe azithunzi ndi mapulogalamu osintha makanema. Pamene matekinoloje akupita patsogolo, makadi ojambula ayamba kukhala amphamvu komanso otsogola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito azikhala ozama komanso owona.
Posankha khadi yoyenera yojambula, pali zinthu zingapo zofunika kuziganizira. Choyamba, m'pofunika kuganizira mphamvu ndi processing mphamvu ya khadi. Kuchuluka kwa ma cores, kuthamanga kwa wotchi ndi kukumbukira kwa khadi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuzindikira momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Khadi yokhala ndi ma cores ambiri komanso liwiro la wotchi yapamwamba ipereka magwiridwe antchito osavuta komanso othamanga, makamaka pamasewera ndi mapulogalamu magwiridwe antchito apamwamba zojambula.
Mfundo ina yofunika kuiganizira ndi makhadi azithunzi. ndi dongosolo ndi mapulogalamu oti agwiritse ntchito. Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti khadiyo ikugwirizana ndi bolodi lamakompyuta ndi magetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ngati khadiyo imathandizira madalaivala aposachedwa azithunzi, chifukwa izi zidzatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso kugwirizana kwakukulu ndi mapulogalamu ndi masewera aposachedwa. Kumbukiraninso kuganizira madoko olumikizira a khadi lojambula, kuwonetsetsa kuti ndi oyenera zosowa zanu, monga madoko a HDMI kapena DisplayPort kuti mulumikizane ndi oyang'anira otanthauzira kwambiri.
Mwachidule, kusankha khadi lojambula loyenera, ndikofunikira kuganizira mphamvu zake ndi magwiridwe ake, komanso kugwirizana kwake ndi dongosolo ndi mapulogalamu omwe agwiritsidwe ntchito. Onetsetsani kuti mufufuze ndikuyerekeza zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana, poganizira zosowa zanu ndi bajeti. Kumbukirani kuti makadi ojambula ndi ndalama zofunika kwambiri kuti muwongolere zowonera pakompyuta yanu, chifukwa chake sankhani mwanzeru ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino luso lazojambula. kuchokera pa PC yanu.
Ndine Sebastián Vidal, mainjiniya apakompyuta omwe amakonda ukadaulo komanso DIY. Komanso, ine ndine mlengi wa tecnobits.com, komwe ndimagawana nawo maphunziro kuti ukadaulo ukhale wofikirika komanso womveka kwa aliyense.