Kodi ma protocol a network ndi ati ndipo ndi zitsanzo ziti?

⁢ Kodi ma protocol a network ndi ati ndipo ndi zitsanzo ziti?

M'dziko lolumikizana kwambiri, ma protocol a pa intaneti amatenga gawo lofunikira pakugwira bwino ntchito kwamagetsi. Ma protocol awa ndi malamulo ndi miyezo yomwe imalola kuti zida ndi machitidwe azisinthanitsa zidziwitso ndi kulumikizana. bwino. M’nkhaniyi tikambirana tanthauzo la ma protocol a maukonde ndi zitsanzo zina zofunika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakompyuta apakompyuta.

Imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino ndi Internet Protocol (IP), yomwe ndi makina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira ndikuwongolera mapaketi a data pa netiweki. Intaneti ⁢Protocol ndiyofunikira⁢ pakugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndipo imalola zida kuti zizilumikizana⁢ popereka ma adilesi apadera a IP ndikugawa data m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kuti atumize bwino.

Chitsanzo china choyenera ndi Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), zomwe zakhazikitsidwa pa kulumikizana kodalirika komanso kotsatana pakati pa zida ziwiri. TCP ili ndi udindo wogawa deta m'mapaketi, kuwatumiza mwadongosolo, ndikutsimikizira kuti alandiridwa bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, imawonetsetsa kuti deta sitayika panthawi yopatsirana ndipo imayendetsa kuwongolera kwapang'onopang'ono pamaneti kuti zisawonongeke.

Kwa mbali yake, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) ndiyofunikira pa World Wide Web. HTTP imalola kusamutsa kwa chidziwitso pakati pa ⁣a kasitomala⁢ (msakatuli) ⁢ndi seva yapaintaneti⁤, yomwe imalola mwayi wopezeka ndikuwona masamba awebusayiti. Protocol iyi imatanthawuza kachitidwe ndi kachitidwe ka ⁢zopempha ndi mayankho,⁢ komanso ntchito ⁤zomwe zingachitike, monga GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE. ).

Kuphatikiza pazitsanzo izi, pali ma protocol ambiri apa intaneti omwe amakwaniritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. ⁢Zitsanzo zina zowonjezera zikuphatikiza File Transfer Protocol (FTP) posamutsa mafayilo, Simple Email Protocol (SMTP) potumiza maimelo, Dynamic Configuration Protocol for Host (DHCP) yodzipangira ma adilesi a IP. ,⁤ ndi ena ambiri.

Mwachidule, Ma protocol a netiweki ndi ofunikira kuti athe kulumikizana kwamadzi komanso kothandiza pakati pa zida ndi makina pamaneti.. Kaya mukufufuza pa intaneti, kutumiza maimelo, kapena kusamutsa mafayilo, ma protocol a netiweki ndiye maziko omwe amathandizira kulumikizana kwapadziko lonse komwe kwatizungulira masiku ano.

1. Chidziwitso cha Network Protocols: A Complete Technical Guide

Ma protocol a netiweki ndi malamulo ndi miyezo yomwe imalola kulumikizana pakati pa zida pa netiweki. Ma protocolwa amatanthauzira momwe deta imatumizidwa, kulandilidwa, ndi kusinthidwa pamanetiweki, kuwonetsetsa kuti kulumikizana kwabwino komanso kotetezeka.Mu bukhuli laukadaulo latsatanetsatane, tiwunika zoyambira zama netiweki ndipo Tipereka zitsanzo zofananira.

Ma protocol amtaneti ndi ofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa intaneti komanso maukonde ena kompyuta. Popanda iwo, zida sizikanatha kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake ndipo kusamutsa kwa data sikungatheke.Ma protocol amtaneti amagawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana, chilichonse chili ndi cholinga chake komanso malamulo ake. Zitsanzo zina zama protocol omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, DNS, ndi DHCP.

Protocol ya TCP/IP ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa intaneti. Ndiwo udindo kufala kwa deta pa Intaneti kugwirizana mlingo ndipo amapereka njira yodalirika kutumiza ndi kulandira mapaketi deta. HTTP, kumbali ina, ndi protocol yomwe imalola ogwiritsa ntchito kupeza masamba pa World Wide Web. FTP imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa mafayilo pakati pa kasitomala ndi seva, pomwe DNS ili ndi udindo womasulira mayina amadomeni kukhala ma adilesi a IP.

Mwachidule, ma protocol a netiweki ndi ofunikira pakulankhulana ndi kusamutsa deta pamakompyuta apakompyuta. . Amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndi maukonde ena, kuwonetsetsa kuti zida zitha kusinthana zambiri bwino komanso motetezeka. Zitsanzo zina zodziwika bwino zama protocol a netiweki ndi TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, DNS, ndi DHCP, iliyonse idapangidwa kuti igwire ntchito inayake. ⁢Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa ma protocol awa kuti muthe kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wapaintaneti ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito ali bwino.

2. Ntchito zofunika kwambiri za ma protocol a netiweki pakulumikizana kwa data

Ma protocol amtaneti ndi mndandanda wa malamulo ndi miyezo yomwe imalola kulumikizana kwa data pakati zida zosiyanasiyana mu a⁢ network. Ma protocol awa amaonetsetsa kuti deta imatumizidwa ndikulandilidwa bwino komanso motetezeka. Zitsanzo zina zama protocol a netiweki ndi:

- TCP/IP: Ndondomekoyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa intaneti ndipo imapereka malamulo otengera kusamutsa deta pamanetiweki apakompyuta. TCP/IP imagawaniza deta m'mapaketi ndipo imasamalira kutumiza ndi kuwalandira modalirika.
- DHCP: Protocol iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawira ma adilesi a IP ku zida za netiweki. DHCP imalola zida kuti zilumikizane ndi netiweki popanda kukonza pamanja adilesi ya IP.
- DNS: Protocol iyi ili ndi udindo womasulira mayina amtundu kukhala ma adilesi a IP. DNS imalola ogwiritsa ntchito kupeza mawebusayiti ndi ntchito zapaintaneti pogwiritsa ntchito mayina m'malo moloweza ma adilesi a IP.

Izi ndi:

1. Kukhazikitsa Malumikizidwe: Ma protocol a netiweki amalola zida kuti zizilumikizana zisanayambe kutumiza deta. Izi zikuphatikizapo kugawana zambiri za kasinthidwe ndikutsimikizira kuti zida ndi ndani.
2. Kugawa kwa data ndikugwirizanitsanso: Ma protocol amagawaniza deta m'mapaketi ang'onoang'ono kuti athandize kufalitsa kwake pa intaneti. Kumalo komwe akupita, mapaketi a data amasonkhanitsidwa kuti apangenso zomwe zidayambira.
3. Kuwongolera koyenda ndi kuwongolera zolakwika: Ma protocol a pamaneti amawunika kayendedwe ka data kuti apewe kusokonekera kwa netiweki ndikuwonetsetsa kuti palibe cholakwika. Izi zimatheka kudzera munjira monga kutsimikizira kulandila mapaketi ndikutumizanso omwe adatayika panjira.

Mwachidule, Ma protocol a netiweki ndi ofunikira ⁢kulumikizana kwa data⁢ pa netiweki. Ma protocol awa amalola zida kuti zizilumikizana wina ndi mzake, gawo ndikusonkhanitsanso deta, ndikuwongolera kuyenda ndi zolakwika. Zitsanzo zina zodziwika za ma protocol a netiweki ndi TCP/IP, DHCP, ndi DNS. Chifukwa cha ma protocol awa, ogwiritsa ntchito angathe peza intaneti, tumizani maimelo ndikupeza mautumiki osiyanasiyana pa intaneti mwachangu komanso mosatekeseka.

3. Mitundu yayikulu ya ma protocol a netiweki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu digito

LMa protocol amtaneti ndi malamulo ndi miyezo yomwe imalola kulumikizana pakati pa zipangizo pa network. Ma protocol awa amatanthawuza kalembedwe ndi ndondomeko ya mauthenga, komanso njira zosinthira deta. M'dziko la digito, pali mitundu ingapo ya ma protocol omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

M'modzi mwa mitundu ya protocol network Chodziwika kwambiri ndi Internet Protocol (IP) Protocol iyi ndiyomwe imayang'anira mapaketi a data kudzera pa intaneti, kuzindikira ndi kuwongolera zipangizo pa netiweki. Imagwiritsa ntchito ma adilesi a IP kuzindikira ndi kupeza zida, komanso masks a netiweki kuyang'anira ma subnets. Internet Protocol imasamaliranso kugawikana ndi kulumikizanso mapaketi a data, kuwonetsetsa kuti afika molondola komwe akupita.

Zina mtundu wa protocol network Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Protocol iyi ili ndi udindo wokhazikitsa kulumikizana kodalirika komanso kotetezeka pakati pa zida pamaneti. Zimatsimikizira kutumizidwa mwadongosolo kwa mapaketi a data, kuonetsetsa kuti sakutayika kapena kuipitsidwa panthawi yopatsirana. TCP imasamaliranso kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.

Kuphatikiza pa⁤ IP‍ ndi⁢ TCP, pali zina ma protocol a network Uthenga wofunika monga Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) yomwe imangopereka maadiresi a IP kuzipangizo zimene zili pa netiweki, Media Access Control Protocol (MAC) yomwe imalola kusamutsa deta pamanetiweki amderalo, ndi Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) yomwe imayika ma adilesi a IP ku ma adilesi enieni a zida pamanetiweki. Ma protocol awa amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito bwino komanso kotetezeka kwamanetiweki a digito.

4.⁤ Ma protocol omwe amapezeka kwambiri pamanetiweki ⁢pa intaneti

ndi ma protocol a network Ndiwo malamulo ndi miyezo yomwe imathandizira kulumikizana pakati pa zida pa intaneti. ⁢Pali ma protocol angapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa intaneti, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi ntchito zake. Kenako, tipenda zina mwazo zodziwika kwambiri pamanetiweki⁢ pa intaneti komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito:

1. Internet Protocol (IP): Ndilo ndondomeko yofunikira kwambiri komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polumikizirana pa intaneti. ⁤Internet Protocol⁣ imapereka maadiresi apadera (ma adilesi a IP) ku chipangizo chilichonse cholumikizidwa ndi netiweki. Kuphatikiza apo, IP imathandizira kuzindikira ndikuwongolera mapaketi a data kupita komwe akupita.

2. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): Imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi protocol ya IP ndipo imayang'anira kugawa deta m'mapaketi ang'onoang'ono omwe amatumizidwa pa netiweki. Imaperekanso njira yotsimikizira kutumizira, kuwonetsetsa kuti mapaketi amafalitsidwa moyenera komanso moyenera. TCP ndiyofunikira pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kulumikizana kodalirika popanda kutayika kwa data, monga kusakatula pa intaneti ndi imelo.

3. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): Ndi protocol yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa deta pa World Wide Web. HTTP imalola makasitomala (osatsegula) kupempha zothandizira (masamba, zithunzi, makanema, ndi zina zotero) kudzera pa ma URL ndi maseva apaintaneti amayankha ndi zomwe mwapempha. Protocol iyi imagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyankhira ndipo ndiyofunikira pakusaka ndikupeza zomwe zili pa intaneti.

5. Network protocols for file and email transfer

M'dziko lamakompyuta apakompyuta, ma protocol amtaneti ndi ofunikira pakusamutsa mafayilo ndi imelo. Ma protocol a netiweki ndi malamulo ndi miyezo yomwe imalola kulumikizana pakati pa zida pa netiweki. Ndondomekozi ndizofunika kuwonetsetsa⁢ kuti ⁤zidziwitso zaperekedwa bwino ndi otetezeka.

Imodzi mwa ma protocol omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa kusamutsa mafayilo ndi File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP imalola kusamutsa mafayilo pakati pa kasitomala ndi seva pa intaneti. Protocol iyi imapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kutsitsa ndikutsitsa mafayilo kuchokera pa seva yakutali mwachangu komanso mosavuta. Protocol ina yotchuka yosamutsa mafayilo ndi Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kupeza masamba ndi kutsitsa mafayilo.

Pankhani ya imelo, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza maimelo. SMTP imalola kutumiza maimelo apakompyuta pakati pa maseva pa netiweki. Kumbali inayi, Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) ndi Post Office Protocol (POP) ndi ma protocol awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza ma imelo kuchokera pa seva. Ma protocol awa amalola kasitomala kupeza maimelo awo kuchokera pazida zosiyanasiyana ndikusunga mauthengawo alumikizidwa pa onsewo.

Mwachidule, ma protocol a netiweki ndi ofunikira pakusamutsa mafayilo ndi imelo pamaneti apakompyuta. Ma protocol awa amakhazikitsa malamulo ndi zofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kulumikizana koyenera komanso kotetezeka pakati pa zida. Zitsanzo zina zama protocol omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza mafayilo ndi FTP ndi HTTP, pomwe pa imelo, ma protocol monga SMTP, IMAP ndi POP amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa cha ma protocol awa, titha kutumiza ndi kulandira mafayilo ndi maimelo modalirika komanso moyenera pamanetiweki amasiku ano.

6. Ma protocol a netiweki otumizira ma data a multimedia

ndi ma protocol a network Ndiwo malamulo ndi miyezo yomwe imalola kuti zipangizo zapaintaneti zizilankhulana wina ndi mzake ndikutumiza deta moyenera komanso motetezeka. Ma protocol awa amatanthauzira momwe kulumikizana kumakhazikitsidwira ndikuthetsedwa, momwe deta imayendetsedwera, komanso momwe imabwezeretsedwera pakatayika kapena cholakwika. Popanda iwo, kuyankhulana pa intaneti kungakhale kosokoneza komanso kosokoneza.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma protocol a netiweki, ndipo ena mwa iwo amapangidwa kuti azitumiza deta. multimedia. Multimedia data ndi data yomwe ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga zithunzi, makanema, ndi zomvera. Ma protocolwa ali ndi udindo woyang'anira kutumiza kwa datayi, kuonetsetsa kuti ikufika komwe ikupita mwachangu komanso popanda zosokoneza.pa

Zina⁢ zitsanzo za ma protocol a network Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa ma data a multimedia ndi RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol), kuti ntchito ⁤kwa kufalitsa munthawi yeniyeni ma audio ndi makanema pa intaneti, ndi RTSP (Real-time Streaming Protocol), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kutumiza kwa ma multimedia pa seva. Njira ina yofunika kwambiri yapaintaneti yofalitsa ma data a multimedia ndi SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhazikitsa, kusintha ndi kuletsa magawo olankhulirana amtundu wa multimedia, monga kuyimba mawu ndi mavidiyo. Ma protocol awa ndi ofunikira kuti awonetsetse kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino, zapamwamba kwambiri potumiza ma multimedia pamaneti.

7. Kufunika kwa chitetezo ⁢mu ma protocol a netiweki ndi zitsanzo zama protocol otetezedwa

Kufunika kwa chitetezo mu protocol network zagona pakutsimikizira kukhulupirika ⁣ndi zinsinsi ⁢za data yotumizidwa pa netiweki. Ma protocol a netiweki ndi malamulo ndi malamulo omwe amalola kulumikizana pakati pa zida za netiweki.⁤ Komabe, kulumikizanaku ⁢kutha kukhala pachiwopsezo kumenyedwa kapena kulandidwa popanda chilolezo⁤ ngati njira zotetezera sizikutsatiridwa ⁤. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chitetezo pama protocol a netiweki ndikofunikira kuti titeteze zidziwitso ndikuletsa kuphwanya kwachitetezo komwe kungachitike.

Pali zosiyana ma protocol otetezedwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira chitetezo chazomwe zimaperekedwa. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zodziwika bwino ndi Transport Layer Security Protocol (TLS) Protocol, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamu apaintaneti kuti akhazikitse kulumikizana kotetezeka pa intaneti. TLS imagwiritsa ntchito ma encryption algorithms kuteteza deta yopatsirana komanso imatsimikizira zowona za ma seva ndi makasitomala omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kulumikizanaku.

Protocol ina yotetezeka ndi Secure Login (SSH) Protocol, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuyang'anira mawonekedwe akutali ma seva ndi zida. SSH imapereka kulumikizidwa kotetezedwa pamaneti osatetezeka, pogwiritsa ntchito kubisa ndi kutsimikizira kuti muteteze kulumikizana pakati pa kasitomala ndi seva Izi zimatsimikizira kuti chidziwitso ndi malamulo omwe amaperekedwa sangasokonezedwe ndi ziwonetsero zosaloledwa kapena zosokoneza. Ma protocol awa ndi ofanana nawo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pachitetezo chamanetiweki ndikuteteza zidziwitso zomwe zimaperekedwa pa iwo.

8. Malangizo pakusankha ma protocol oyenerera pa intaneti

Ma protocol a netiweki ndi malamulo ndi miyezo yomwe imalola kulumikizana ndi kusinthana kwa data pakati pa zida pa netiweki. Ndondomekozi zimatanthauzira momwe deta iyenera kutumizidwa, kulandirira, kuyankhidwa, ndi kuwongolera. M'malo opangira ma netiweki, ndikofunikira kusankha ma protocol oyenera kuti muwonetsetse kuti dongosololi likugwira ntchito moyenera komanso motetezeka.

Posankha ma protocol oyenera a netiweki, ndikofunikira kuganizira zofunikira ndi zofunikira pa intaneti. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ndi netiweki yaing'ono yapafupi yomwe imangofunika gawani mafayilo ndi osindikiza, mutha kusankha ma protocol osavuta monga File Transfer Protocol (FTP) kapena Internet Printing Protocol (IPP). Kumbali ina, ngati intaneti ikufuna kulankhulana kovuta komanso kotetezeka, ma protocol monga Internet Protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) ndi Security Protocol angafunike kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kulingalira kuyanjana kwa ma protocol ndi zida ndi machitidwe opangira amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa intaneti. Ma protocol ena atha kukhala ogwirizana kwambiri ndi zida zina kapena makina ogwiritsira ntchito, zomwe zingakhudze kulumikizana ndi netiweki.Ndikofunikira kuti mufufuze bwino ndikuwunikanso zomwe zidachitika musanasankhe ma protocol a netiweki.

Chinthu china choyenera kuganizira ndi chitetezo cha intaneti. ⁤Maprotocol ena amakhala ndi chitetezo kuti ateteze deta yomwe imafalitsidwa komanso ⁣kupewa kuukira kwa intaneti. Mwachitsanzo, Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) imapereka chitsimikiziro ndi kubisa kwa data, kuwonetsetsa kulumikizana kotetezeka pakati pa zida zapa netiweki. Posankha ma protocol a netiweki, ndikofunikira kuwunika zoopsa zachitetezo ndikusankha zomwe zimapereka njira zabwino zotetezera maukonde.

9. Zomwe zikuchitika pakupanga network yatsopano ⁤protocols⁣

Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komanso kufunikira kokulirapo kwa kulumikizana mdziko lapansi digito, ndi ma protocol a network Amatenga gawo lofunikira pakulumikizana ndi kusamutsa deta. Ma protocol awa ndi malamulo okhazikitsidwa ndi miyezo yomwe imalola zida kuti zizilumikizana wina ndi mnzake pamaneti. Pakali pano, ⁤kupangidwa kwa ma protocol atsopano a netiweki⁣ kumayang'ana kwambiri kuwongolera bwino, chitetezo ndi kugwirizirana bwino m'malo ovuta.

Mmodzi wa zomwe zikuchitika popanga ⁢ma protocol atsopano ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6). Ndi kuchepa kwa ma adilesi a IPv4, IPv6 yatulukira ngati yankho lopereka malo ambiri a IP. Protocol iyi imapereka ma adilesi ambiri a IP omwe alipo, kulola kulumikizidwa kwakukulu ndikukula kwa intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT). Kuphatikiza apo, IPv6 imapereka kusintha kwachitetezo ndi mtundu wa ntchito.

Wina mayendedwe akutuluka pakupanga ma protocol a netiweki ndikuyang'ana pa software-defined networking (SDN) ndi network function virtualization (NFV). SDN imathandizira kulekanitsa pakati pa kuwongolera maukonde ndi ndege za data, kuwongolera kusinthika kwapaintaneti komanso kusinthasintha. Kumbali ina, NFV imalola kuti ma network awonekere, monga ma firewall kapena mabalancers, kuchepetsa kudalira zida zodzipatulira.

10. Kutsiliza: Tsogolo la ma protocol a pa intaneti ndi zotsatira zake pakulumikizana

Tsogolo la ma protocol a netiweki ndi zotsatira zake pakulumikizana

Network Protocols
ndi ma protocol a network Ndiwo malamulo ndi malamulo omwe amalola kulumikizana pakati pa zida mkati mwa netiweki. Malamulowa amatanthauzira momwe maulumikizi amakhazikitsidwira, kusungidwa, ndi kuthetsedwa, komanso kudziwa momwe deta imapatsira ndi kulandiridwa. Popanda ma ⁤protocols, kulumikizana pakati pa zida zosiyanasiyana sikungatheke. Zitsanzo zina zodziwika⁢ zama protocol a netiweki ndi monga Internet Protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), ndi Hypertext Transfer Protocol⁤ (HTTP).

Kulowera⁢ ku Tsogolo
ndi ⁤ tsogolo la protocol network Ikuwoneka ngati ⁤ njira yopititsira patsogolo komanso kusintha. M'dziko lomwe likulumikizana kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa zida zolumikizidwa ndi netiweki kukuyembekezeka kukula kwambiri, kuyambira mafoni am'manja ndi mapiritsi kupita ku zida zanzeru komanso magalimoto odziyimira pawokha. kuchuluka kwa data, kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono, komanso chitetezo chokulirapo.

Kukhudza⁤ pa ⁢Kulumikizana
Zotsatira za ma protocol a network Kulumikizana sikungatsutsidwe.⁤ Ali ndi udindo woti tizitha kutumiza ndi kulandira data pa intaneti, kupeza masamba, kutumiza maimelo, kuyimba mavidiyo ndi zina zambiri zatsiku ndi tsiku pa intaneti. Kuphatikiza apo, ma protocol a netiweki amakhudzanso kulumikizidwa kolumikizana ndi kukhazikika, chifukwa amazindikira momwe mapaketi a data amasamaliridwa komanso momwe kulumikizana kodalirika kumakhazikitsira. Mwachidule, ma protocol a netiweki ndi zida zosawoneka zomwe zimalola kulumikizana kwamadzi ndi kotetezeka m'badwo wa digito.