Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti Law of Force and Acceleration, ndi mfundo yofunikira mufizikiki yomwe imakhazikitsa ubale pakati pa mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chinthu ndi kuthamangitsidwa kwake. Lamuloli, lopangidwa ndi Sir Isaac Newton m'zaka za zana la 17, limatengedwa kuti ndi mwala wapangodya pakuphunzira za dynamics ndipo ndi lofunika kwambiri kuti timvetsetse momwe zinthu zimayendera ndi kugwirizana. mdziko lapansi zakuthupi.
M'nkhaniyi, tipenda Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton mozama, kusanthula masamu ake, zitsanzo zothandiza ndi mndandanda wa zochitika zomwe zingathandize kulimbikitsa kumvetsetsa mfundoyi. Kupyolera mu njira yaukadaulo komanso yosalowerera ndale, tidzapereka kumvetsetsa kwakuya kwa lamulo lofunikali, motero kulola owerenga athu kuti azigwira ntchito momasuka mu gawo la fizikiki ndikuligwiritsa ntchito. moyenera muzochitika zosiyanasiyana. Lowani nafe paulendo wosangalatsawu wopita kumtima wa Newton's Second Law!
1. Chiyambi cha Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton
Mu gawoli, tikambirana mozama Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton, lomwe ndi limodzi mwa mfundo zazikuluzikulu za sayansi. Lamuloli limanena kuti mathamangitsidwe cha chinthu Zimayenderana mwachindunji ndi mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izo ndipo zimasiyana mosiyana ndi kulemera kwake. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, tikhoza kunena kuti mgwirizano pakati pa mphamvu, misa ndi kuthamanga kwa chinthu ukhoza kuwonetsedwa masamu ndi chilinganizo F = ma, pamene F imayimira mphamvu, m imayimira kulemera kwa chinthu ndipo ndikuyimira mathamangitsidwe.
Kuti mumvetsetse bwino lamuloli, ndikofunikira kudziwa miyeso yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mphamvu imayesedwa ndi ma newtons (N), kulemera mu kilogalamu (kg), ndi mathamangitsidwe mu mita pa sekondi imodzi ya masikweya (m/s^2). Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton limangogwira ntchito kuzinthu zomwe zikuyenda kapena zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi ukonde. Ngati palibe mphamvu yamtundu uliwonse yomwe ikugwira ntchito pa chinthu, kuthamanga kwake kudzakhala ziro ndipo kudzakhala kofanana.
Kuthetsa mavuto kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton, ndikofunikira kutsatira njira sitepe ndi sitepe. Choyamba, zindikirani momveka bwino mphamvu zomwe zikugwira ntchito pa chinthucho ndikudziwitsani kukula kwake ndi malangizo awo. Kenako, werengerani mathamangitsidwe a chinthucho pogwiritsa ntchito chilinganizo F = ma. Pomaliza, gwiritsani ntchito mfundo za kinematics kudziwa kuchuluka kwina, monga mtunda woyenda kapena liwiro lomaliza.
Kumbukirani kuti kuchita ndikofunikira kuti mumvetsetse bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton. Mugawo lonseli, mupeza maphunziro osiyanasiyana ndi zitsanzo zothandiza kukuthandizani kudziwa mfundo zazikuluzikulu. Osazengereza kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyeserera kapena kuwerengera kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola!
2. Ndondomeko ya Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton
Ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri mufizikiki kuti muwerengere mphamvu ya thupi loyenda. Njirayi ikunena kuti mphamvu ndi yofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa chinthucho komanso mathamangitsidwe ake. Pansipa pakhala mwatsatanetsatane momwe mungathetsere vuto pogwiritsa ntchito fomula.
1. Dziwani zosintha: chinthu choyamba chomwe tiyenera kuchita ndikuzindikira zosinthika zomwe zili muvuto, ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa chinthu ndi mathamangitsidwe omwe amakumana nawo.
2. Khazikitsani zikhalidwe zodziwika: zosintha zikadziwika, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa manambala omwe amadziwika. Mwachitsanzo, ngati tili ndi kulemera kwa 2 kg ndi mathamangitsidwe 5 m/s^2.
3. Werengetsani mphamvu yotsatila: zosinthazo zikadziwika, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndondomeko. ndi F = m *a, pamene F amaimira mphamvu yotsatila, m ndi kulemera kwa chinthu ndipo a ndi mathamangitsidwe. Mwa kulowetsa zikhalidwe zodziwika mu fomula, mphamvu yotulukayo imatha kuwerengedwa.
3. Kufotokozera za zigawo za chilinganizo
M'chigawo chino tifotokoza gawo lililonse la fomula lomwe litithandize kuthana ndi vuto lomwe likubwera. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa bwino lomwe gawo lililonse limagwira mu fomula komanso momwe limalumikizirana kuti lipeze zotsatira zomwe mukufuna. Pansipa, tifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane aliyense wa iwo:
1. Chosinthika A: Ichi ndi chigawo choyamba cha chilinganizo ndipo chikuyimira kusintha kwakukulu kwavuto. Ndikofunika kuzindikira chomwe kusinthaku kumayimira komanso momwe kungakhudzire zotsatira zomaliza. Mtengo wake ndi gawo la kuyeza kwake ziyenera kufotokozedwa momveka bwino.
2. Zosintha B: Chigawo chachiwirichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera zotsatira za kusintha kwa A pa zotsatira. Muyenera kumvetsetsa momwe zimagwirizanirana ndi kusintha kwakukulu komanso momwe zimakhudzira fomula yonse. Ndikofunikira kudziwa mtengo wake komanso muyeso wofananira.
3. Chosinthika C: Chosinthika C ndi china mwa zigawo zazikulu za fomula. Ntchito yake ndikuzindikira kusintha kofunikira kuti mupeze zotsatira zomaliza. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa momwe mtengo wake umasiyanasiyana malingana ndi zochitika zenizeni za vutolo.
Titasanthula gawo lililonse la chilinganizocho, titha kukhala ndi masomphenya omveka bwino a momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito vutolo. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kusintha kulikonse pamikhalidwe yamitundu iyi kumatha kukhudza kwambiri zotsatira zomaliza. Kumbukirani kuwunika mosamala masitepe onse ndikuchita zofananira kuti mupeze zotsatira zake. [KUTHA-KUTHANDIZA]
4. Zitsanzo za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka Lamulo lachiwiri la Newton
Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton ndi limodzi mwamalamulo ofunikira afizikiki omwe amatilola kusanthula kayendedwe ka zinthu ndi kugwirizana kwa mphamvu zomwe zimachitapo. Kenako, adzaperekedwa zitsanzo zina kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka lamuloli pazochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku.
1. Kugwa kwa chinthu kwaulere: Tiyerekeze kuti tagwetsa chinthu kuchokera pamalo enaake. Pogwiritsa ntchito Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton, tingathe kudziwa mathamangitsidwe omwe chinthucho chidzakumana nacho pakugwa kwake. Njira yomwe imatilola kuwerengera mathamangitsidwe ndi = F/m, pomwe "F" ndi mphamvu ya ukonde yomwe imagwira pa chinthucho ndipo "m" ndi kuchuluka kwake. Pankhani ya kugwa kwaulere, mphamvu ya ukonde ndi mphamvu yokoka ndipo misa imakhala yosasinthasintha. Chifukwa chake, kuthamanga kumakhala kosalekeza ndipo mtengo wake ndi wofanana ndi mphamvu yokoka, yomwe ili pafupifupi 9,8 m / s².
2. Kuyenda kwa thupi pamalo opendekeka: Tsopano tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi chinthu chomwe chikutsetsereka pamalo opendekeka. Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton limatilola kuwerengera kuthamanga kwa chinthu pankhaniyi. Chigawo cha mphamvu ya ukonde yofanana ndi malo otsetsereka ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti chinthucho chifulumire. Tikhoza kuwerengera mphamvuyi pogwiritsa ntchito njira F = m * g * sin(θ), pamene "m" ndi kulemera kwa chinthu, "g" ndi kuthamanga kwa mphamvu yokoka ndipo "θ" ndi ngodya ya kupendekera kwa pamwamba. Tikadziwa mphamvu ya ukonde, titha kugwiritsa ntchito fomula a = F/m kuti tipeze mtengo wothamangitsa.
3. Mphamvu za pulley system: Chitsanzo china cha kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton chimapezeka mu mphamvu ya pulley system. Tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi pulley system yokhala ndi zingwe ziwiri ndi midadada iwiri yolumikizidwa. Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton limatilola kudziwa mathamangitsidwe a midadada potengera mphamvu zomwe zimagwira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati tigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yotsikira pansi pa imodzi mwa midadadayo, mphamvuyo idzafalikira kudzera mu zingwe ndikulola kuti chipikacho chikwere. Pogwiritsa ntchito Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton, tikhoza kudziwa mathamangitsidwe a chipika chilichonse komanso momwe amagwirizanirana wina ndi mzake kupyolera mu zovuta za zingwe.
Mwachidule, Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton ndi chida chofunikira chowunikira kayendetsedwe ka zinthu ndi mphamvu zomwe zimagwira ntchito pazochitika zosiyanasiyana. Kaya mu kugwa kwaufulu kwa chinthu, kuyenda pamtunda wokhotakhota, kapena mphamvu ya pulley system, lamulo ili limatithandiza kudziwa mathamangitsidwe ndikumvetsetsa momwe akugwirizanirana ndi mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndikofunika kuganizira zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zilipo pazochitika zilizonse ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola.
5. Kuwerengera mphamvu yotsatila muzochitika zosiyanasiyana
Kuwerengera kwa mphamvu yotsatiridwa ndi lingaliro lofunikira pakuphunzira kwafizikiki. Muzochitika zosiyanasiyana, ndikofunikira kudziwa mphamvu yomwe ikugwira ntchito pa chinthu kuti mumvetsetse kuyenda kwake kapena kusanja kwake. M'munsimu muli njira ya sitepe ndi sitepe yowerengera mphamvu yotsatila muzochitika zosiyanasiyana.
1. Dziwani mphamvu zonse zomwe zikugwira ntchito pa chinthucho: Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa mphamvu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chinthucho. Mphamvu izi zingaphatikizepo mphamvu yokoka, mphamvu yachibadwa, mphamvu ya mikangano, pakati pa ena. Ndikofunikira kulingalira mphamvu zonse zomwe zimalimbikitsa chinthucho kuti mupeze kuwerengera kolondola kwa mphamvu yomwe imachokera.
2. Gwirani mphamvuzo kukhala zigawo: Mukazindikira mphamvu zonse, muyenera kuzigawa m'magulu awo. Izi zikuphatikizapo kudziwa mphamvu mu mayendedwe opingasa (x) ndi ofukula (y). Pophwanya mphamvuzo, zimakhala zosavuta kuwerengera mphamvu zomwe zimachokera kumbali iliyonse.
3. Tsatirani lamulo la Newton: Pomaliza, gwiritsani ntchito lamulo lachiwiri la Newton, lomwe limati mphamvu yotsatila pa chinthu ndi yofanana ndi kulemera kwa chinthu chochulukitsidwa ndi kuthamanga kwake. Pogwiritsa ntchito zigawo za mphamvu kumbali iliyonse, mukhoza kudziwa zotsatira za mphamvu iliyonse. Ngati pali mphamvu zambiri kumbali imodzi, muyenera kuwonjezera mphamvu kuti mutenge mphamvu zomwezo.
Kuchita mayeso kungakhale kovuta, koma potsatira izi mutha kupeza zotsatira zolondola. Kumbukirani kuti ndikofunikira kuzindikira mphamvu zonse zomwe zimagwira pa chinthucho, kuwawola kukhala x ndi y, ndikugwiritsa ntchito lamulo lachiwiri la Newton. Ndi masitepe awa, mudzatha kumvetsetsa bwino kayendetsedwe ka zinthu ndi kusinthasintha kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
6. Kusamvana kwa zochitika zenizeni pogwiritsa ntchito Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton
Kuthetsa masewera olimbitsa thupi pogwiritsa ntchito Newton's Second Law, ndikofunikira kutsatira izi:
- Unikani vutolo ndikuwona mphamvu zomwe zikugwira ntchito pa chinthu chomwe chikufunsidwa. Dziwani mphamvu ya ukonde kapena zotsatira, zomwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zonse.
- Gwiritsani ntchito Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton, lomwe limanena kuti mphamvu ya ukonde ndi yofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa chinthucho komanso kuthamanga kwake. Tigwiritsa ntchito fomula F = m a kuthetsa vutoli.
- Sinthani zikhalidwe zodziwika mu fomula ndikuwerengera zofunikira. Onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi oyenera. Ngati ndi kotheka, sinthani mayunitsi musanawerenge.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mphamvu zimayimiridwa ngati ma vectors, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti Iwo ali ndi ukulu ndi njira. Ngati vuto likukhudza mphamvu zamagulu osiyanasiyana, onetsetsani kuti mwawola mphamvuzo kukhala zigawo zake za x ndi y kuti muwonjeze bwino.
Izi zitha kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zida monga zojambula zopanda thupi komanso ma equation othandizira. Chithunzi chaulere cha thupi chimathandizira kuwona mphamvu zonse zomwe zikuchita pa chinthucho ndi malangizo awo. Ma equation othandizira, monga ma equation of motion kapena mphamvu equations, zingakhale zofunikira kuthetsa vutoli kwathunthu.
7. Kagwiritsidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku
Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti Law of motion, ndi limodzi mwamalamulo ofunikira afizikiki omwe amafotokoza momwe mphamvu, misa, ndi kuthamanga kwa chinthu zimayenderana. Lamuloli lili ndi machitidwe angapo ndi ntchito m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku zomwe ndizofunikira kuzidziwa.
A za mapulogalamu Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kofala kwa Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton ndiko kuwerengera mphamvu ya chinthu choyenda. Lamuloli likunena kuti mphamvu yotsatiridwayo ndi yofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa chinthu chochulukitsidwa ndi kuthamanga kwake. Mwachitsanzo, powerengera liwiro la galimoto yoyenda, m'pofunika kuganizira kuchuluka kwa galimotoyo ndi mphamvu zomwe zimaperekedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuthamanga kwake.
Ntchito inanso ya lamuloli ndi kupanga milatho ndi zomanga. Pogwiritsa ntchito Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton, mainjiniya amatha kudziwa mphamvu zomwe zimachitika pamlatho chifukwa cha kulemera kwa magalimoto omwe amawoloka. Ndi chidziwitso ichi, zotetezeka komanso zogwira mtima kwambiri zimatha kupangidwa.
Mwachidule, Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton lili ndi ntchito zambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Kuchokera pa kuwerengera kwa mphamvu zomwe zimachokera ku zinthu zosuntha kupita ku mapangidwe a mapangidwe, lamulo ili ndilofunika kumvetsetsa momwe zochitika zambiri zakuthupi zimagwirira ntchito m'dera lathu. Kudziwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito lamuloli kumatithandiza kuthetsa mavuto aukadaulo ndikupanga zisankho mozindikira pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana.
8. Kufunika kwa kumvetsetsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito molondola Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton
Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton ndilofunika kumvetsetsa momwe kayendedwe ka zinthu zimachitikira komanso momwe zimayenderana ndi mphamvu zomwe zimagwira ntchito. Lamuloli likunena kuti kuthamangitsa chinthu kumayenderana mwachindunji ndi mphamvu ya ukonde yomwe ikugwira ntchitoyo komanso mosagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwake. Ndiko kuti, mphamvu ikuluikulu imene ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chinthu, m’pamenenso imathamanga kwambiri, ndiyeno, kukula kwa chinthucho, kumachepetsanso kuthamanga kwake.
Kumvetsetsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino lamuloli ndikofunikira pakuthana ndi zovuta zafizikiki, zaukadaulo komanso zothandiza. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton, ndikofunikira kuchita zingapo. Choyamba, muyenera kuzindikira mphamvu zomwe zikugwira ntchito pa chinthu chomwe chikufunsidwa. Kenaka, mphamvu zonse ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa algebraically kuti mupeze mphamvu ya ukonde. Kenako, formula F = ma imagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe F imayimira mphamvu ya ukonde, m kuchuluka kwa chinthucho, ndi mathamangitsidwe.
Chitsanzo chothandiza chikhoza kukhala kuwerengera kuthamanga kwa galimoto yomwe ikukankhidwa ndi mphamvu ya 500 N, pamene kulemera kwake ndi 1000 kg. Pogwiritsa ntchito Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton, timapeza kuti kuthamanga kwa galimoto kudzakhala 0.5 m / s². Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kuwonjezera pa kuwerengera, m'pofunika kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la thupi la zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mayunitsi olondola amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamiyeso yonse.
Mwachidule, kumvetsetsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton ndikofunikira pakuthana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi kuyenda ndi mphamvu mufizikiki. Potsatira njira zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera, ndizotheka kuwerengera kuthamanga kwa chinthu chopatsidwa kulemera kwake ndi mphamvu ya ukonde yomwe ikugwira ntchito. Lamuloli ndi lofunikira pakuphunzira zafizikiki ndipo limagwira ntchito m'magawo angapo, kuyambira kumakaniko kupita ku zakuthambo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kumvetsetsa kwake ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwaukadaulo.
9. Zolakwika zofala mukamagwiritsa ntchito formula ya Newton's Second Law
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chilinganizo cha Newton's Second Law, ndikofunikira kukumbukira zolakwika zina zomwe zingabwere panthawiyi. Zolakwa izi zingakhudze kwambiri kulondola kwa mawerengedwe ndi kubweretsa zotsatira zolakwika. M'munsimu muli ena mwa zolakwika zomwe zimachitika kwambiri komanso momwe mungapewere:
1. Osaganizira za mphamvu mu dongosolo: Chimodzi mwa zolakwika zomwe zimachitika kwambiri ndikuyiwala kuphatikiza mphamvu zonse zomwe zimagwira pa chinthu chomwe chikufunsidwa. Ndikofunikira kuzindikira mphamvu zonse ndi malangizo ake musanagwiritse ntchito chilinganizo cha Newton's Second Law. Ngati mphamvu zofunikira zisiyidwa, kuwerengera kotsatira kudzakhala kosakwanira ndipo sikuyimira zenizeni.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi olakwika: Kulakwitsa kwina kofala ndiko kusagwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi olondola polemba fomula. Ndikofunikira kuti makulidwe onse awonetsedwe mu mayunitsi omwewo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mphamvu yaperekedwa mu Newtons, kuthamanga kuyeneranso kuwonetsedwa mu m/s^2. Kugwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi olakwika kungayambitse zotsatira zosagwirizana.
3. Osaganizira misa ya inertial: Mukamagwiritsa ntchito fomula F = ma, ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti misa yomwe iyenera kuganiziridwa ndi inertia, osati mphamvu yokoka. Misa ya inertial ndi yomwe imatsimikizira kukana kwa chinthu kuti chisinthe kayendedwe kake. Ngati misa yolondola ya inertial sichikuganiziridwa, zotsatira zopezeka zingakhale zolakwika.
10. Zochita zapamwamba kuti mumvetsetse Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton
Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton ndi limodzi mwamalamulo ofunikira afizikiki omwe amatilola kumvetsetsa momwe mphamvu zimayenderana ndi kayendedwe ka zinthu. Ngakhale kuti lamuloli lingakhale lovuta kulimvetsetsa poyamba, pali zinthu zingapo zapamwamba zomwe zingatithandize kumvetsetsa bwino malamulowo.
Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kumveketsa bwino mfundo zazikuluzikulu za Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton. Tikumbukenso kuti lamulo ili likutsimikizira kuti mphamvu ya ukonde yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chinthu ndi yofanana mwachindunji ndi mathamangitsidwe omwe amakumana nawo, komanso mosiyana ndi kulemera kwake. Titha kufotokozera ubalewu mwamasamu kudzera munjira F = m *a, pamene F amaimira mphamvu ya ukonde, m kulemera kwa chinthu ndi mathamangitsidwe ake.
Tikamvetsetsa bwino za ganizo ndi ndondomeko ya Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton, tikhoza kutsatira njira zingapo zothetsera mavuto apamwamba okhudzana ndi lamuloli. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuzindikira mphamvu zomwe zikugwira ntchito pa chinthucho ndi mayendedwe ake. Kenaka, tiyenera kuwola mphamvuzi kukhala zigawo molingana ndi ndondomeko yogwiritsidwa ntchito.
11. Kusanthula kwa milandu yeniyeni pogwiritsa ntchito Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton
M'chigawo chino, zochitika zenizeni zosiyanasiyana zidzaperekedwa kumene Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton lidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza ndi kuthetsa mavuto okhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka zinthu. Kudzera m'zitsanzozi, tiwonetsa momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito lamulo lofunikira lafizikiki kudziwa mathamangitsidwe, mphamvu zonse, ndi zina zofunika pazochitika zenizeni.
Pazochitika zilizonse, phunziro latsatanetsatane lidzaperekedwa lomwe lidzatsogolera ndondomekoyi sitepe ndi sitepe, kuonetsetsa kumvetsetsa kwathunthu kwa kusanthula. Gawoli liphatikizanso malangizo ndi malingaliro othandizira kuthetsa mavuto, komanso zida ndi njira zomwe zingathandize panthawiyi. Kuphatikiza apo, zitsanzo zamawerengero zothetsedwa zidzaperekedwa, zomwe zidzakuthandizani kuti muwone momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton.
Zosiyanasiyana zenizeni zomwe zasankhidwa zidzakhudza zochitika zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira kuyenda kwa zinthu pamtunda wokhotakhota mpaka kugwa kwaulere kwa zinthu zamlengalenga. Kupyolera mu zitsanzo izi, zidzasonyezedwa momwe mungasinthire ndikugwiritsa ntchito Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton muzochitika zosiyanasiyana, kukonzekera owerenga kukumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana a zochitika mu dziko lenileni. Kumapeto kwa gawoli, owerenga adzatha kuyandikira molimba mtima zochitika zomwe zimafuna kufufuza mphamvu ndi kayendetsedwe ka zinthu.
12. Momwe mungagwirizanitse Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton ndi malamulo ena achilengedwe
Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti lamulo la mphamvu ndi kuthamangitsa, limanena kuti kuthamangitsa chinthu kumayenderana mwachindunji ndi mphamvu ya ukonde yomwe ikugwira ntchitoyo komanso mosagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwake. Lamuloli likhoza kukhala logwirizana ndi malamulo ena achilengedwe, zomwe zimatilola kumvetsetsa bwino zochitika zachilengedwe.
Limodzi mwa malamulo omwe Newton's Second Law likugwirizana nawo ndi Lamulo Loyamba la Newton, lomwe limatchedwanso lamulo la inertia. Lamuloli likunena kuti chinthu chopumula chidzakhalabe pampumulo ndipo chinthu choyenda chidzapitiriza kuyenda mofulumira mumzere wowongoka pokhapokha ngati chitachita ndi mphamvu yakunja. Tingaone kuti lamulo lachiŵiri limakwaniritsa lamulo loyamba, popeza limafotokoza mmene “mphamvu yakunja” imeneyi kapena kusintha kwa kayendedwe kakupangidwira.
Lamulo lina limene Newton’s Second Law limagwirizana nalo ndi Lachitatu Lachitatu la Newton, lotchedwa Lamulo la zochita ndi zochita. Lamuloli likunena kuti pachinthu chilichonse pali kuchitapo kanthu kofanana kwambiri ndi mbali ina. Lamulo lachiwiri limatithandiza kumvetsetsa momwe izi zimachitikira komanso momwe mphamvu zimagwirizanirana wina ndi mzake mu dongosolo linalake.
13. Kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi maphunziro ozikidwa pa Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton
Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti Law of motion, ndi limodzi mwamalamulo ofunikira afizikiki ndipo lakhala phunziro la kafukufuku ndi maphunziro ambiri asayansi. Lamuloli likunena kuti kuthamangitsidwa kwa chinthu kumayenderana mwachindunji ndi mphamvu ya ukonde yomwe ikugwira ntchitoyo komanso mosagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwake.
Chimodzi mwa maphunziro odziwika bwino asayansi ozikidwa pa Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton ndikuwunika kwa kayendedwe ka matupi pakugwa kwaulere. Kupyolera mu kuyesa ndi kuwerengera masamu, asayansi atha kudziwa kugwirizana pakati pa kulemera kwa chinthu ndi mathamangitsidwe ake pamene chigwera momasuka mu mphamvu yokoka yosalekeza. Maphunzirowa atipatsa ife kumvetsetsa bwino zochitika za mphamvu yokoka ndipo tayala maziko a chitukuko cha ziphunzitso zina zokhudzana nazo.
Kuphatikiza apo, Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zamadzimadzi. Pogwiritsira ntchito lamuloli, asayansi atha kuphunzira mmene madzi amayendera m’malo osiyanasiyana, monga kuyenda kwa madzi kudzera mu chubu kapena kuyenda kwa gasi pamalo otsekedwa. Maphunzirowa akhala ofunikira kwambiri pamapangidwe a ma duct system, kukhathamiritsa kwa magwiridwe antchito am'makampani komanso kumvetsetsa zochitika zakuthambo monga mafunde am'mlengalenga.
14. Zovuta ndi mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri okhudza kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka Lamulo lachiwiri la Newton
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton, ndizofala kukumana ndi zovuta komanso kukhala ndi mafunso okhudzana ndi momwe limagwiritsidwira ntchito pamavuto enaake. Pansipa tiyankha ena mwa mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi komanso zovuta zomwe zimachitika mukamagwiritsa ntchito lamulo lofunika kwambiri lafizikiki.
1. Momwe mungadziwire mphamvu yotsatila mu dongosolo la mphamvu zambiri?
Nthawi zina timakumana ndi machitidwe omwe mphamvu zambiri zimagwirira ntchito pa chinthu. Kuti mudziwe mphamvu zomwe zimachokera muzochitika zoterezi, m'pofunika kuwonjezera algebraically mphamvu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chinthucho. Zimenezi zikuphatikizapo kulingalira kukula ndi kumene mphamvu iliyonse ili nayo. Titapeza kuchuluka kwa vekitala ya mphamvu izi, titha kudziwa mphamvu yomwe ikubwera, yomwe ingasonyeze mayendedwe ndi kukula kwa chinthucho.
2. Kodi kukwera msanga kwa chinthu kumatsimikiziridwa bwanji pogwiritsa ntchito Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton?
Kuthamanga kwa chinthu kumawerengeredwa pogawa mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chinthucho ndi kulemera kwake. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mphamvu yotsatila iyenera kuwonetsedwa muyeso yofanana ndi kulemera. Kuthamanga kumapezeka potengera mita pa sekondi imodzi (m/s2), zomwe zimasonyeza momwe liwiro la chinthu limasinthira mu nthawi imodzi.
3. Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mphamvu yotsatiridwayo ili yofanana ndi ziro?
Pamene mphamvu yotsatiridwa pa chinthu ndi yofanana ndi ziro, izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe mathamangitsidwe pa chinthucho. Malinga ndi Lamulo Lachiwiri la Newton, ngati mphamvu yotsatiridwayo ili yofanana ndi ziro, chinthucho chimakhala chofanana. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, liwiro la chinthucho chimakhalabe chokhazikika ndipo sichikhala ndi kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe kake. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti izi zimachitika kokha pamene kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chinthucho kumabweretsa ziro.
Mwachidule, lamulo lachiwiri la Newton ndi limodzi mwa malamulo ofunikira a physics omwe amafotokoza mgwirizano pakati pa mphamvu, kulemera, ndi kuthamanga kwa chinthu. Kupyolera mu formula F = m * a, tikhoza kuwerengera mphamvu yomwe ikugwira ntchito pa chinthu kapena kudziwa mathamangitsidwe omwe angakumane nawo.
M'nkhaniyi tafufuza mwatsatanetsatane chilinganizo cha lamulo lachiwiri la Newton ndi ntchito yake mosiyana zitsanzo ndi masewero olimbitsa thupi. Tawona momwe mphamvu ya ukonde yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa chinthu imakhudzira kuyenda kwake ndi momwe tingadziwire kuthamanga kwake.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti lamulo lachiwiri la Newton ndi chida chamtengo wapatali pa sayansi ya sayansi ndi zomangamanga. Kulimvetsa kumatithandiza kusanthula ndi kulosera mmene zinthu zimayendera, kaya zili m’njira zowongoka kapena zokhotakhota.
Pomaliza, lamulo lachiwiri la Newton ndi chida champhamvu chomvetsetsa ndi kuwerengera mphamvu ndi kayendedwe ka zinthu. Kapangidwe kake ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito mu zitsanzo ndi zolimbitsa thupi zimatipatsa maziko olimba oti tikulitse chidziwitso chathu m'dziko losangalatsa la physics.
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