Tesla Full Self-Driving (FSD): chomwe chiri, momwe imagwirira ntchito, ndi mulingo wanji wodzilamulira womwe uli nawo

Hablar de conducción autónoma es hablar de Tesla y, en concreto, de su Full Self-Driving (FSD) dongosolo. Dongosololi lakhala limodzi mwazovuta kwambiri, zofalitsa nkhani zambiri, komanso zotsogola pankhani yothandizira oyendetsa. Ndi malonjezo odziyimira pawokha, zosintha mosalekeza, komanso mikangano yamalamulo, Tesla's FSD yasintha momwe anthu amawonera magalimoto anzeru komanso makampani amagalimoto.

Munkhaniyi tiwona zomwe Tesla Full Self-Driving ili ndi, momwe zasinthira, mavuto ndi zovuta zomwe zimakumana nazo, komanso momwe zilili zotetezeka komanso zosintha. Ngati mukuyang'ana chidziwitso chowonekera, chatsatanetsatane, komanso chaposachedwa - chopanda mawu osafunikira komanso njira yeniyeni - mwafika pamalo oyenera.

Kodi Tesla Full Self-Driving ndi chiyani?

Tesla Full Self-Driving, yemwe amadziwika kuti FSD, ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wothandizira woyendetsa woperekedwa ndi Tesla, ndipo ikuyimira chitsanzo chomaliza cha kudzipereka kwake ku magalimoto odziyimira pawokha. Ngakhale dzinali likusonyeza kuti galimoto ikhoza kudziyendetsa yokha, zenizeni ndizosiyana: Mwalamulo, FSD ndi thandizo la Level 2 malinga ndi gulu la SAE, osati kuyendetsa modziyimira pawokha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dalaivala nthawi zonse amafunika kumvetsera komanso kukhala wokonzeka kuwongolera nthawi iliyonse.

Ngakhale dzina lake likuwonetsa kudziyimira pawokha, Tesla akuwonetsa izi Dalaivala ayenera kukhala watcheru nthawi zonse ndikuyang'anira galimotoyo, ngakhale FSD itatsegulidwa. Pokhapokha m'zaka zaposachedwa, potsatira mikangano ingapo, mtunduwo wayamba kutcha phukusili 'Full Self-Driving (Woyang'anira)'.

Zoyambira: kuchokera ku Autopilot kupita ku FSD

Ulendo wa Tesla wodzilamulira unayamba mu 2013, pamene Elon Musk anayamba kulankhula poyera za machitidwe omwe angathandize madalaivala, olimbikitsidwa ndi oyendetsa ndege.

Entre 2014 y 2016, Dongosolo la Autopilot linali nkhani yayikulu mu Tesla Model S ndi Model X, kuphatikiza zinthu monga kuyimitsidwa basi ndi Summon (kuchotsa galimoto pamalo oimikapo magalimoto). Kugwirizana koyamba kunali ndi Mobileye, koma izi zinathetsedwa chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa malire a chitetezo.

Kusintha kwa Full Self-Driving Zinakhudza magawo angapo, okhala ndi zida zosinthika nthawi zonse (HW2, HW2.5, HW3, HW4, ndipo posachedwa HW5), kukonza mapurosesa ndi masensa. Mofananamo, mapulogalamuwa adapangidwa, kulola kuyendetsa galimoto m'misewu ya m'tawuni komanso kuzindikira magetsi ndi zizindikiro zoyimitsa.

Kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito a FSD ndi zida

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa FSD ndi Autopilot ndi Enhanced Autopilot Cholinga chake ndikukwaniritsa kudziyimira pawokha: kuti galimotoyo imatha kuyendayenda m'misewu yayikulu, m'matawuni komanso poyimitsa magalimoto popanda kulowererapo kwa anthu.

Tesla yasintha ma hardware ndi mapulogalamu pakapita nthawi, kuphatikiza:

• HW1 (2014): masensa oyambira ndi purosesa, okhala ndi ntchito zochepa.
• HW2 (2016): makamera ochulukirapo ndi masensa, sitepe yofunika kwambiri pakudzilamulira kwamatauni.
• HW2.5 (2017): kusintha kwa ma processor ndi machitidwe osafunikira.
• HW3 (2019): Kompyuta ya Tesla, mphamvu zazikulu zopangira zisankho.
• HW4 (2023): makamera apamwamba kwambiri komanso zida zolimba kwambiri, poyambira zimangotengera pulogalamu ya HW3.
• HW5 (AI5, 2026): zomwe zakonzedwa mu 2026, zidzakhala zamphamvu kuwirikiza kakhumi kuposa HW4.

FSD ikuphatikiza makamera (Tesla Vision), radar m'matembenuzidwe am'mbuyomu ndi mapurosesa opangidwa ndi Tesla, imayendetsedwa ndi neural network yomwe imaphunzira mosalekeza kuchokera ku mamiliyoni a makilomita omwe adayenda padziko lonse lapansi.

Mapulogalamu a FSD ndi ma beta

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za Tesla zakhala kutumizidwa kwapang'onopang'ono mu mtundu wa "beta", chinthu chachilendo m'makampani opanga magalimoto. Kuyambira Okutobala 2020, otengera oyambilira - kuphatikiza antchito osankhidwa ndi oyesa - adayamba kulandira mitundu yoyesera ya FSD m'matauni.

Njirayi yakhala yotsutsana, Chifukwa chosintha chilichonse chimakhala ndi zoopsa komanso chimapangitsa chidwi chapa media, zomwe zidayambitsidwa ndikukonzedwa ndikuphatikiza:

• Highway Driving ndi Navigate pa Autopilot
• Kuzindikira ndi kuyankha ku magetsi apamsewu ndi zizindikiro zoyimitsa
• Autosteer m'misewu yakutawuni
• Cambio de carril automático
• Advanced Summon ("Smart Summon")
• Kuyimitsa magalimoto odziwikiratu

Mabaibulo aposachedwa, monga 12 ndi 13, Amakhazikitsidwa pafupifupi pamakina ophunzirira makina, makamaka kuchotsa ma code achikhalidwe ndikudalira maukonde a neural ophunzitsidwa ndi deta yeniyeni.

Kodi FSD imagwira ntchito bwanji? Mfundo zamakono

Maziko aukadaulo a Tesla amayang'ana kwambiri zomangamanga zozikidwa pamakamera ndi masomphenya apamwamba opangira (Tesla Vision), Kusiya pambali masensa monga LIDAR kapena mamapu atsatanetsatane a 3D, mosiyana ndi omwe akupikisana nawo monga Waymo kapena Cruise.

El sistema emplea makamera asanu ndi atatu akunja, masensa akupanga (pamitundu isanachitike 2023) ndi mapurosesa opangidwa ndi Tesla, Imayendetsedwa ndi netiweki ya neural yomwe imaphunzira kuchokera pamamiliyoni a malo enieni oyendetsa galimoto. Kampaniyo ili ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi la zosonkhanitsa deta zoyendetsera galimoto.

Komabe, Njira yodalira makamera ndi mamapu osokonekera idatsutsidwa, Ena amawona kuti kusowa kwa LIDAR ndi mamapu olondola kumachepetsa kufalikira kwa gawo 5 la kudziyimira pawokha kwenikweni.

Mawonekedwe a Nyenyezi ya FSD: Uku Ndiko Kuyendetsa Mothandizidwa ndi Tesla

Tiyeni tiwonenso zofunikira kwambiri zomwe FSD imapereka mumaphukusi ake osiyanasiyana, popeza kupeza kungasiyane kutengera dziko, mtundu ndi zida:

Kufananiza ntchito molingana ndi phukusi lomwe laperekedwa

Ntchito	Autopilot	Kupititsa patsogolo Autopilot (EAP)	Full Self-Driving (FSD)
Control de crucero adaptativo	Inde	Inde	Inde
Autosteer (sungani mumsewu)	Inde	Inde	Inde
Navigate on Autopilot	Ayi	Inde	Inde
Cambio de carril automático	Ayi	Inde	Inde
Autopark	Ayi	Inde	Inde
Summon	Ayi	Inde	Inde
Smart Summon	Ayi	Inde	Inde
Reconocimiento de señales de tráfico	Ayi	Ayi	Inde
Autosteer mumzinda	Ayi	Ayi	Inde

Zatsopano zazikulu za FSD poyerekeza ndi mitundu yam'mbuyomu Ndi kuthekera kwake kuyendetsa modziyimira pawokha m'misewu wamba, kuphatikiza ma curve, kasamalidwe kozungulira, magetsi apamsewu ndi zikwangwani zoyimitsa.

Zotsatira zachitetezo, data, ndi mikangano

Malingaliro achitetezo a FSD amakhala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Eni ake okondwa kwambiri amawona kuti imapereka chitetezo chochulukirapo m'misewu yayikulu komanso maulendo ataliatali, koma malipoti odziyimira pawokha nthawi zina amawonetsa zotsutsana.

Tesla akuti machitidwe ake achepetsa ngozi ndi 40%, malinga ndi malipoti a NHTSA, koma kafukufuku wina amakayikira detayi ndikuyiyerekeza ndi ma metrics ena, podziwa kuti kuwunika nthawi zambiri kumalephera kuganizira zosiyana siyana, monga mtundu wa msewu ndi zochitika za dalaivala.

Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa ngozi ndi Autopilot kapena FSD kumayambira ngozi imodzi pamakilomita 6 mpaka 8 miliyoni, poyerekeza ndi mmodzi mwa 1,2 miliyoni poyendetsa wamba, ngakhale kuti ziwerengerozi zikhoza kusokonekera ndi mbiri ya ogwiritsa ntchito ndi malo omwe dongosololi limagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pali nkhawa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito FSD, zomwe zimafuna kuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu, zingapangitse malingaliro onama achitetezo, kubweretsa zododometsa ndi ngozi zomwe zingachitike. Kuyankha pakulephera kwadongosolo sikumakhala kofulumira nthawi zonse, ndipo zovuta zimawonjezera zovuta kuwongoleranso.

Kutsutsa kobwerezabwereza ndi maudindo akatswiri

Gulu la asayansi ndi chitetezo chamsewu limatsutsa kwambiri Tesla pakutulutsa mawonekedwe a beta popanda kutsimikizika kokwanira kodziyimira pawokha, ndi kusowa kwa machitidwe amphamvu owunikira chidwi cha oyendetsa. Mabungwe angapo adavotera kale FSD ndi Autopilot pansi pa machitidwe ena okhudzana ndi chitetezo ndi kupewa. Izi ndi zina mwazodzudzula zazikulu:

• Zoyembekeza zolakwika: Dzina ndi ntchito zitha kutanthauza kudziyimira pawokha komwe kulibe.
• Kuyang'anira Oyendetsa: Tesla amagwiritsa ntchito masensa a torque mu chiwongolero ndi makamera amkati, koma osati molimbika monga opanga ena. Pali zochitika zomwe machitidwewa amatha kupusitsidwa.
• Kulephera kuzindikira zopinga ndi zochitika zadzidzidzi: Zochitika zanenedwa zomwe dongosololi linalephera kusweka poyankha zopinga kapena magalimoto odzidzimutsa, ndi zotsatira zoopsa.
• Zosayembekezereka komanso ma braking a phantom: Mavuto monga mabuleki mosayembekezereka kapena zopatuka mosayembekezereka akhala nkhani ya kafukufuku ndi kukumbukira.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, Tesla adasinthiratu mapulogalamu ndikupereka kukumbukira kuti asinthe zinthuzi, ngakhale akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti kusintha kofunikira pachitetezo kukudikirira.

Zamalamulo, milandu ndi zowongolera

Tesla wakumana ndi zingapo nkhani zamalamulo ndi milandu pazamalonda osocheretsa komanso ngozi zokhudzana ndi Autopilot ndi FSD. Makhothi ena adagamula motsutsana ndi Tesla, kufuna kuti mtunduwo ufotokoze kuthekera kwenikweni ndi malire a machitidwe ake, ndikuphatikiza machenjezo omveka bwino pamawonekedwe.

Akuluakulu, monga a NHTSA, ayambitsa kafukufuku wovomerezeka ndipo apemphanso kuyimitsidwa kwakanthawi kwa zinthu zina m'mamodeli ena, komanso akufuna kuwongolera kuwunika kwa madalaivala komanso kuwonetsetsa kwa data ya ngozi.

Tesla amasonkhanitsa zambiri zamagalimoto pamagalimoto ake, omwe amadyetsa ndi kuphunzitsa mitundu yawo ya AI. Komabe, kuwonekera poyera pakugwiritsa ntchito deta iyi ndi mfundo zachinsinsi zatsutsidwa ndi mabungwe ogula komanso akatswiri oteteza deta.

Tsogolo la FSD ndi mpikisano

Ngakhale Tesla amatsogolera kuchuluka kwa magalimoto okhala ndi zida zapamwamba, Mpikisano mwachitetezo ndi wolondola ukupita patsogolo mwachangu. Makampani monga Waymo kapena Cruise amagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe ndi LIDAR, mamapu a HD ndi kutumizidwa kolamulidwa kwambiri m'mizinda inayake.

Tsogolo la FSD lidzatengera zinthu zingapo:

• Kukula kwa HW5 komanso kukula kwa zombo za Robotaxi.
• Kubwerera ku kudziyimira pawokha kosalowererapo, ndi kutsata malamulo.
• Sonyezani, kupyolera mu deta ndi umboni, kuti dongosolo lanu ndi lotetezeka komanso lodalirika.
• Kutengera malamulo m'maiko osiyanasiyana, makamaka ku Europe ndi China.

Zokhudza chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe

Kufika kwa machitidwe odziyimira pawokha kumakweza zovuta zamakhalidwe ndi zamalamulo zomwe sizinachitikepo m'mbuyomu, monga udindo wa ngozi, chitetezo cha data, ndi chitetezo cha pamsewu. Kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe a beta pansi pa zochitika zenizeni kumabweretsanso mkangano wokhudza malamulo oyenera.

Nkhanizi zidzakhudza chitukuko chamtsogolo, malamulo, ndi kuvomereza kwa anthu kuyendetsa galimoto. Tesla, pakudzipereka kwake pazatsopano, akukumana ndi kufunikira kolinganiza kupita patsogolo ndi chitetezo, kuwonekera komanso kuyankha mlandu.

Pambuyo pofufuza izi, zikuwonekeratu kuti Tesla Full Self-Driving ikuyimira kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, komanso ikukumana ndi zovuta zambiri pachitetezo, malamulo, komanso malingaliro a anthu. Kudziyimira pawokha kwathunthu kukupangidwabe, ndipo kuyang'anira, kuyang'anira, ndi makhalidwe abwino zidzakhala chinsinsi chowonetsetsa kuti kuphatikiza kwake kuli kotetezeka komanso kopindulitsa kwa onse.