Mitundu ya ma firewall: Chilichonse chomwe muyenera kudziwa

M'dziko lomwe cybersecurity ikusintha nthawi zonse, kudziwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma firewall ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito ndikofunikira kuti titeteze maukonde athu ndi zida zathu. Ma firewall awa amakhala ngati mzere woyamba wachitetezo poletsa ziwopsezo za cyber ndikulowa mosaloledwa ku machitidwe athu, ndipo kufunikira kwawo kwakula molingana ndi kukhwima kwa ziwonetsero zomwe zimafuna kuphwanya chitetezo cha mabungwe ndi ogwiritsa ntchito kumapeto.

Kwa zaka zambiri, ma firewall asintha kuchokera ku zosefera zosavuta zapaketi kupita ku mayankho apamwamba omwe amaphatikiza kupewa kulowerera, kusefa kwa mapulogalamu, ndi zina zambiri. M'nkhaniyi, tiphwanya mitundu ikuluikulu ya ma firewall omwe alipo, mawonekedwe awo, ubwino ndi kuipa kwake, ndi momwe adasinthira kuti athetse ziwopsezo zovuta kwambiri zachitetezo cha pa intaneti.

Kodi firewall ndi chiyani ndipo imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Un makhoma oteteza, kapena firewall, ndi chida chachitetezo chomwe chimawongolera magalimoto obwera ndi otuluka pamanetiweki ndi cholinga chololeza maulumikizidwe otetezedwa okhawo ndikutsekereza omwe angakhale oopsa. Kupyolera m'ndandanda wa malamulo okonzedweratu, firewall ikhoza kusanthula kuchuluka kwa deta, kuigawa kuti ikhale yotetezeka ndi yomwe siili, ndikuchita mogwirizana. Kaya pa netiweki kapena mulingo wa chipangizo chilichonse, ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuteteza zochita zoipa zomwe zimawopseza kukhulupirika kwa data pamaneti.

Firewall imatha kupanga zisankho zololeza kapena kukana kulowa motengera magawo osiyanasiyana, monga Ma adilesi a IPa maiko kugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena ngakhale protocol ogwira ntchito mu mgwirizano. Kuphatikiza apo, ma firewall ena apamwamba kwambiri amalola kuwunika mozama, kukhazikitsa zigawo zina zachitetezo.

Mitundu ya firewall kutengera malo ndi ntchito

Kutengera komwe firewall imayikidwa, titha kuwagawa m'mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu: zida zozimitsa moto ndi mapulogalamu oteteza mapulogalamu.

Chowotcha cha Hardware

Un hardware firewall Imayikidwa pa chipangizo chakuthupi, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chozungulira kapena pafupi ndi polowera netiweki. Ma firewall a Hardware amapezeka pa ma routers kapena makompyuta odzipereka ndipo amateteza zida zonse zolumikizidwa ndi netiweki. Izi zimathandiza kuti zida zingapo zipindule ndi chitetezo cha firewall popanda kukhazikitsa pulogalamu iliyonse pazida zilizonse.

Kwa ma network a bizinesi, mafakitale kapena makampani, zida zoyatsira moto nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolimba ndipo zimafuna a mkulu wa mwamakonda ndi akatswiri achitetezo. Ngakhale ndizokwera mtengo komanso zovuta kuziwongolera, zimapereka chitetezo chabwino kwambiri kumadera omwe zigawo zingapo zachitetezo ndizofunikira.

Mapulogalamu a firewall

Koma, mapulogalamu firewall Imayikidwa mwachindunji pazida zilizonse, monga makompyuta kapena maseva. Nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa mu machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito pafupifupi zipangizo zonse, ndipo cholinga chake ndi kuteteza izo chipangizo chapadera za kuukira. Ngakhale sizimateteza maukonde onse, zitha kukhala chida chothandiza kwambiri kuphatikiza ndi firewall ya hardware.

Chimodzi mwazabwino kwambiri zamapulogalamu opangira ma firewall ndikumayika kwake kosavuta komanso kuthekera kwake kutipatsa kuwongolera mwachindunji pamagalimoto obwera ndi otuluka kuchokera ku chipangizo chathu. Komabe, chifukwa imayendetsa pa chipangizocho, imatha kudya zinthu ndikuchepetsa dongosolo.

Mitundu ya firewall molingana ndi njira yosefera magalimoto

Kupatula malo awo, ma firewall amathanso kugawidwa kutengera momwe amagwirira ntchito pama network. Kenako, tifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma firewall molingana ndi njira zosefera.

Packet Filtering Firewall

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu yofunikira kwambiri, ndipo ntchito yake ndi kupanga zisankho motengera Ma adilesi a IP, maiko o protocol. Dongosololi silichita kuyang'ana mozama kapena kusunga mawonekedwe a kulumikizana. Ngakhale amathamanga komanso amadya zinthu zochepa, chitetezo chawo chimakhala chochepa, chifukwa magalimoto aliwonse omwe amadutsa padoko lovomerezeka akhoza kukhala ndi code yoyipa.

Wothandizira firewall

Mtundu uwu wa firewall umakhala ngati a broker pakati pa maukonde amkati ndi akunja, kuteteza kulumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa zida. Imawunika mapaketi azidziwitso omwe akubwera ndipo amangolola mwayi wopezeka ngati akukumana ndi njira zachitetezo. Ngakhale mtundu uwu wa firewall umapereka chitetezo chokulirapo, ungathenso kuchepetsa ntchito chifukwa cha processing owonjezera a phukusi.

Stateful Inspection Firewall

Chowotcha chowongolera chowoneka bwino sichimangoyang'ana mutu wa paketi, komanso kusanthula zake Dziko lenileni mkati mwa mgwirizano. Izi zimathandiza kuti madoko atsegulidwe ndi kutsekedwa mwamphamvu, kuonetsetsa chitetezo chabwino. Kuthekera kwake kuzindikira ndikukumbukira zolumikizira zam'mbuyomu kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yankho lotetezeka kwambiri kuposa ma firewall omwe amasefera paketi.

Next Generation Firewall (NGFW)

El Next Generation Firewall sikuti amangogwira ntchito zachikhalidwe zamakhoma, koma amapita patsogolo, kuphatikiza zida zowonjezera zotetezera monga kupewa kulowereraa kuzindikira ntchito zapamwamba ndi kuthekera kosanthula kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pamagawo apamwamba kwambiri amtundu wa OSI. Ma firewall amtunduwu ndiwopindulitsa kwambiri makampani akulu omwe amafunikira chitetezo chokwanira ku ziwopsezo zapamwamba monga pulogalamu yaumbanda, kugwiritsa ntchito pachiwopsezo, komanso kuwukira kwa mapulogalamu.

Kusiyana pakati pa ma firewall malinga ndi kapangidwe kawo

Njira inanso yopangira ma firewall ndi kapangidwe kake. Ma firewall amatha kukhazikitsidwa ngati ma hardware, mapulogalamu, kapena ntchito zamtambo. M'munsimu tikugawirani mitundu ikuluikulu yama firewall yomwe ilipo pakali pano:

• Chowotcha cha Hardware: Ma firewall awa amapezeka pazida zodzipatulira zomwe zimateteza zida zingapo pamaneti. Ngakhale zili zamphamvu, zimafuna anthu aluso kuti agwiritse ntchito ndipo zitha kuchepetsedwa ndi zida zomwe amazigwiritsa ntchito.
• Pulogalamu ya Firewall: Ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo zimayikidwa mwachindunji pa chipangizocho kuti chitetezedwe. Ngakhale amawononga zida zamakina, ndizoyenera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito payekha komanso mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono.
• Cloud Firewall: Ndiwo njira zosinthika kwambiri zomwe zimateteza deta ndi zothandizira m'madera amtambo. Amathandizira mapindu a virtualization ndipo adapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito m'malo owopsa, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa mabizinesi omwe akusamukira kumtambo.

Ma firewall amtambo akupitilizabe kutchuka momwe amaperekera chitetezo scalable ndikusintha kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa zamakampani omwe akugwira ntchito mumtambo. Kuphatikiza apo, kusinthasintha komwe amapereka kumalola kutumizidwa mosavuta kulikonse padziko lapansi.

Nkhani zothandiza ndi zitsanzo

Kutengera ndi momwe zimakhalira, mitundu ina ya ma firewall ndi yoyenera kuposa ina. M'munsimu muli zitsanzo zoimira:

Small Business Packet Sefa Firewall: Mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ambiri amasankha mtundu uwu wa zozimitsa moto chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika komanso zosavuta kukhazikitsa, ngakhale sizipereka chitetezo chapamwamba.

Zozimitsa moto zowunikira zaumoyo m'mabungwe akuluakulu a maphunziro: Mayunivesite nthawi zambiri amafunikira kukhazikika pakati pa chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito, ndipo ma firewall owunikira amawalola kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa data popanda kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito.

Zozimitsa moto za NGFW m'mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi: Mabizinesi akuluakulu omwe amayang'anira zomangamanga zambiri nthawi zambiri amasankha zozimitsa moto za m'badwo wotsatira kuti ateteze ku ziwopsezo zapamwamba ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo chokwanira.

Ma firewall ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri padziko lapansi lachitetezo chamakono cha cybersecurity. Monga taonera, palibe mtundu umodzi wa firewall womwe uli woyenera pazochitika zonse. Bungwe lililonse, kaya lalikulu kapena laling'ono, liyenera kupenda zosowa zake asanasankhe njira inayake. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kusinthika kwa ma firewall kwalola kuti zotchinga zachitetezo zichuluke ndipo, ngakhale palibe amene amapereka yankho langwiro pazowopsa zonse, ndi chida chothandiza kwambiri chochepetsera zoopsa.