Ubwino ndi chithandizo cha mabanja akuluakulu ku Spain

Ngati pali anthu ambiri kunyumba ndipo ndalamazo zikukwera ngati thovu, ndikofunikira kudziwa zonse mozama. ubwino ndi chithandizo kwa mabanja akuluakulu zomwe zilipo ku Spain. Pali kuchotsera pamisonkho ya munthu aliyense, phindu, kuchotsera pamayendedwe, ndi zabwino zamaphunziro, nyumba, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe, zikaphatikizidwa, zimabweretsa ndalama zowoneka mwezi ndi mwezi.

Mu 2025, njira zosiyanasiyana zidzasungidwa ndikukulitsidwa, ndipo madera ena odziyimira pawokha abweretsa zosintha. Pano, tafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane, ndi zomwe mungapemphe, ndalama zomwe mudzalipidwa, amene akuyenerera ndi momwe mungachitire chithandizo chilichonse kuti musasiye yuro imodzi patebulo.

Kodi banja lalikulu ndi chiyani, magulu ndi momwe angatsimikizire?

Malamulowo amawona mabanja akulu, monga lamulo, kukhala mabanja omwe ali nawo ana atatu kapena kuposerapo (zachilengedwe, zoleredwa kapena zoleredwa), ngakhale palinso zochitika ndi ana awiri pakachitika zovuta monga kulumala kapena kulera mwana. Ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa pakati gulu lonse (ana atatu kapena anayi; komanso awiri omwe ali ndi vuto linalake la kulumala kwa ana kapena makolo) ndi gulu lapadera (ana asanu kapena kuposerapo, kapena anayi m'mikhalidwe ina yachuma).

Kuti mupeze zabwino zambiri zomwe mukufuna udindo wabanja lalikulu, yoperekedwa ndi dera lanu lodzilamulira. Chikalatachi chimatsimikizira momwe mulili ndikutsegula chitseko cha kuchotsera msonkho, kuchotsera mayendedwe, maphunziro, ndi zina zothandizira anthu.

Ndi mutu womwe uli m'manja, maulamuliro ambiri amapereka chithandizo chapadera: kuchokera patsogolo mu maphunziro ndi malo anazale mpaka kuchepetsedwa kwa malipiro aku yunivesite ndi maphunziro. Kusunga zolemba zanu zatsopano (zosinthidwa, kusintha kwa umembala, kulumala, ndi zina zotero) kumapangitsa kupeza thandizo kukhala kosavuta.

 

Thandizo ndi zochotsera zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi Treasury (IRPF)

hacienda imapereka zochotsera zingapo zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama za msonkho zomwe munthu amapeza ndipo zitha kusonkhanitsidwa pasadakhale. Zotsatirazi ndi tsatanetsatane kuchotsera kwakukulu ndi zofunikira zawo, kuphatikizapo zofunikira kwambiri zachigawo zomwe zikuphatikizidwa muzolembazo.

Kuchotsera kwa mabanja akuluakulu (boma)

Ndi imodzi mwamapindu amisonkho amphamvu kwambiri. Zimayimira mpaka € 1.200 pachaka (€ 100 pamwezi) pagulu lonse, ndipo itha kuwirikiza kawiri kwa gulu lapadera ngati mikhalidwe yakwaniritsidwa. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalipiro a msonkho waumwini ndipo akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa ngati malipiro amodzi kapena pang'onopang'ono pamwezi.

Ndani angalembe ntchito: makolo kapena abale omwe ali amasiye ndi makolo onse omwe ali m'banja lalikulu komanso amakwaniritsa zofunikira izi: kulembetsa ndi Social Security kapena kampani ya inshuwalansi ngati wogwira ntchito kapena wodzilemba yekha; kulandira phindu la ulova (zopereka kapena thandizo); pensions Social Security kapena Makalasi Opuma pantchito; kapena mukhale katswiri wogwirizana ndi thumba lina lachuma lomwe lili ndi phindu lofanana ndi la RETA.

Njira zolipirira: ndizotheka kufunsa mwezi ndi mwezi (€ 100) kapena landirani kuchotsera pamalipiro amodzi pachaka. Kwa mabanja omwe ali m'magulu apadera, ndalamazo zikhoza kukhala zapamwamba malinga ndi malamulo omwe alipo panopa.

Zodziwika bwino zochotsedwa m'madera

Asturias

Pali kuchotsera kwapadera kwa iwo omwe ali nawo ana atatu kapena kuposerapoNdalamayi ndi € 1.000 ya mabanja onse komanso € 2.000 ya mabanja apadera.

• Malire a ndalama: Misonkho yotsika kwambiri ya €35.000 pakubweza kwa munthu aliyense kapena €45.000 pakubweza pamodzi.
• Kukhazikitsidwa kumatengedwa kuti kunachitika m'chaka cholembetsa mu Spanish Civil Registry.
• Ngati okhometsa msonkho oposa m'modzi ali ndi ufulu, kuchotserako kudzakhala prorates magawo ofanana.

Castile ndi Leon

Ndalama zonse zimakwana 600 €Ndi ana anayi, kuchotsera kumawonjezeka kufika pa € ​​​​1.500; ndi zisanu, mpaka €2.500; ndipo kuyambira wachisanu ndi chimodzi kupita m’tsogolo, kuchotserako kumawonjezereka. 1.000 € kwa mbadwa yatsopano iliyonse.

• Ngati mwana aliyense ali ndi chilema 65% kapena kuposa, imachulukitsidwa ndi € 600 (chilema cholengezedwa ndi khoti osafika pamlingo umenewo chikuvomerezedwa).
• Kuchotsera kumagwira ntchito mosasamala kanthu za msonkho wa okhometsa msonkho.
• Ngati anthu awiri ali ndi ufulu, amagawidwa mofanana; ndikofunikira dzina lalikulu labanja.

Galicia

Kwa okhometsa msonkho okhala ndi mbadwa ziwiri, kuchotserako ndi 250 €Kuyambira ndi mwana wachitatu, € 250 yowonjezera imawonjezedwa kwa mwana aliyense wowonjezera.

• Ngati wokhometsa msonkho kapena aliyense wa mbadwa zake ali ndi chilema 65% kapena kuposa, ndalamazo zimawirikiza kawiri.
• Zofunikira: ali ndi ufulu wochepera kwa mbadwa; kusankha kokha kuchotsera Ngati angapo akumana; kugawanitsa pamene okhometsa msonkho oposa mmodzi akufunsira ana omwewo; ndi kutumiza mutuwo polemba kalata ya msonkho.

Kuchotsera kwa olumala omwe ali ndi udindo

Pali kuchotsedwa mu mlingo wosiyana chifukwa chokhala ndi achibale odalira omwe ali ndi zilema. Zomwe zili mkatizi zikuwoneka kuti zimatchedwa "wodalira ascendant with disability", koma ntchito yake imafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pa chilichonse. mbadwa ndi olumala. Kuchuluka kwakukulu ndi € 1.200 pachaka (€ 100 pamwezi) kwa munthu aliyense wolumala 33% kapena kupitilira apo.

• Imafunika kulembetsa ku Chitetezo cha Anthu kapena mutual inshuwaransi kampani; kulandira malipiro a ulova; kukhala ndi Social Security kapena Retirement pension; kapena mukhale katswiri pakampani ina ya inshuwaransi yomwe ili ndi phindu lofanana ndi RETA.

Kuchotsera pa kubadwa kapena kulera

Treasury ikuganiza za thandizo ngati kuchotsera mpaka € 1.200 pachaka (€ 100/mwezi) kwa mwana aliyense wobadwa kapena woleredwa, malinga ngati mayiyo adalembetsedwa ndi Social Security kapena kampani ya inshuwaransi pa nthawi yobadwa; kapena anali kulandira ulova phindu; kapena aperekapo kwa masiku osachepera 30 ku ndondomeko yofananayo pambuyo pobadwa.

Kuchotsera ndalama zolipirira ana

Kwa ana osapitirira zaka zitatu omwe amalembetsa m'malo osamalira ana kapena m'malo ophunzirira ana aang'ono, pamakhala chiwonjezeko chowonjezereka mpaka 1.000 € zimagwirizana ndi kuchotsa mimba. Kuphatikiza zonse ziwiri, ndalama zimatha kufika 2.200 € pa mwana ngati zofunikira zikwaniritsidwa.

• Zofunikira: akhale mayi/bambo wa mwana wosakwana zaka zitatu; kukhala ndi ufulu Kuchotsa umayi; kukhala wolembedwa ntchito kapena wodzilemba ntchito ndikulembetsedwa ndi Social Security kapena kampani ya inshuwaransi; ndipo wamng'onoyo ayenera kulembedwa ku malo ovomerezeka.

Kuchepetsa ndalama zamaphunziro (malire ndi magawo)

Zomwe zili mkatizi zikuphatikizanso kuchotsera komwe kuli ndi malire a ndalama zomwe amapeza komanso magawo pazolinga zamaphunziro. Zimagwira ntchito kwa okhometsa msonkho omwe ndalama za banja ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi kuchulukitsa chiwerengero cha mamembala a banja ndi € 30.000.

• 15% za ndalama zogulira sukulu panthawi ya Maphunziro Okakamiza, mkombero wachiwiri wa Maphunziro a Ubwana Wachibwana ndi Maphunziro Ofunika Kwambiri.
• 5% za mtengo wa zovala zogwiritsidwa ntchito kusukulu kokha m'magawo omwewo.
• 10% za ndalama zophunzitsira chinenero.

Kuchotsera kwakukulu pa mbadwa ndi 400 € zambiri, zomwe zingakwezedwe mpaka 900 € pamene ndalama za kusukulu zimathandizidwa, nthawi zonse zili mkati mwa Misonkho ya Personal Income.

Zopindulitsa za Social Security ndi maubwino ena aboma

Kuphatikiza pa kuchotsera msonkho, Social Security ndi maulamuliro ena apakati phindu ndi kuchotsera zomwe ndi zofunika kuziwonanso ngati muli m'banja lalikulu.

Phindu la kubadwa kapena kulera

Ichi ndi thandizo lolipira limodzi lomwe ndalama zake zimatha kufika 1.000 €, yokhazikitsidwa ndi malire a ndalama komanso kusalandira mapindu ofanana ndi ena maboma abomaNdikofunikira kukhala mwalamulo ku Spain.

Phindu la kubadwa kochuluka kapena kulera

M'kubadwa kangapo kapena kulera, ndalama zapadera zimazindikirika zomwe zimasiyana malinga ndi chiwerengero cha ana ndi mlingo wa ndalama, ndi ndalama zowonetsera € 4.000 ndi € 12.000Ndi chithandizo chofunikira pamene mapasa, ana atatu, kapena kulera panthawi imodzi afika.

Bonasi pa kulemba ntchito osamalira

Panali bonasi ya 45% pa zopereka za Social Security kwa mabanja omwe amalemba anthu ogwira ntchito zapakhomo kapena osamalira. Zinayamba kugwira ntchito mpaka Epulo 1, 2023; potsirizira pake, sichinapitirire, kotero, monga lero, sichigwira ntchito ku mapangano atsopano.

Bonasi yamagetsi pagulu

Mabanja akuluakulu, ndi mabanja omwe alibe ntchito nthawi zina, amatha kusankha kuchotsera pa bilu yawo kudzera mu bonasi yamagetsi yamagulu. Kuti mumvetsetse milandu, phunzirani kuwerenga ngongole yanu yamagetsi. Kuloledwa kwake kumafuna kutsatiridwa ndi zofunikira zambiri (mphamvu, kampani yotsatsa malonda, zolemba, etc.).

Khadi laumoyo payekha

Aliyense m’banjamo angakhale ndi wake khadi laumoyo kupeza chithandizo m'dziko lonselo. Njirayi imadalira dera lodziyimira pawokha lokhalamo, ndipo ndi yovomerezeka m'dongosolo laumoyo wa anthu.

Kuchotsera ndi zopindulitsa pamayendedwe, nyumba, maphunziro, ndi katundu wogula

Pamwamba pa Treasury ndi Social Security, pali mitundu ingapo ya kuchotsera ndi mabonasi zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zatsiku ndi tsiku pakuyenda, maphunziro, kunyumba ndi zosangalatsa.

Zoyendera za anthu onse ndi maulendo

Panjira zoyendera anthu onse, mabanja akulu a gulu lonse sangalalani ndi 20% kuchotsera ndi iwo gulu lapadera, ndi 50%. Mizinda yambiri imagwiritsanso ntchito zochotsera pamayendedwe akutawuni.

• Renfe: : 20% (zambiri) ndi 50% (zapadera) kuchotsera pa Long Distance, Avant, Medium Distance, Cercanías, Feve ndi AVE, kupatulapo ntchito yapadziko lonse ya Spain-France.
• Alsa dzina loyamba: 20% ya gulu lonse ndi 50% pa mizere yapadera.
• Ndege: Vueling, Iberia, Ryanair kapena Emirates imagwiritsa ntchito kuchotsera kwa 5% mpaka 10% kutengera gulu.
• Community of Madrid: : 20% (ambiri) ndi 50% (wapadera) bonasi yodutsa yoyendera.

Maphunziro ndi maphunziro

Mabanja akuluakulu ali nawo patsogolo mu maphunziro ndipo, nthawi zina, zopezera ndalama zabwino. Kumayunivesite aboma, omwe ali mugulu lambiri amalandila kuchotsera 50% pa chindapusa, ndipo omwe ali mgulu lapadera salipirira maphunziro.

Kuonjezera apo, mu magawo omwe si a yunivesite pali ndalama zothandizira Zinthu zantchito, kudya, ndi zoyendera. Kupeza patsogolo kosamalira masana ndi malo osungira anthu kumathandizira kuti pakhale moyo wabwino pantchito pakakhala ana angapo kunyumba.

Misonkho ya nyumba ndi kugula

Madera ena odziyimira pawokha amapereka chithandizo pakubwereka kapena kugula. Mwachitsanzo, ku Andalusia kuli a € 50 kuchepetsa pa €10.000 iliyonse ya wamkulu pa ngongole yanyumba, ndipo, makamaka, mabanja akulu nthawi zambiri amasangalala ndi kuchepetsedwa kapena bonasi pa ITP (Property Transfer Tax) pogula nyumba yomwe yagwiritsidwa kale ntchito, molingana ndi malamulo achigawo.

Ntchito ndi moyo wabwino

Kupuma kwa ana kumapereka mwayi wosungidwa kwa chaka choyamba. M'mabanja akuluakulu, kusungirako kumakulitsidwa mpaka 15 kapena 18 miyezi, malingana ndi gulu, zimene zimathandiza kulinganiza ntchito ndi mathayo a banja.

Zamalonda, chikhalidwe ndi zosangalatsa

M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, pali mitundu ndi maunyolo okhala ndi zinthu zabwino. Ngakhale kuti si onse omwe ali ndi mabanja akuluakulu, zitsanzo zimatchulidwa kukwezedwa ndi makuponi za chidwi.

• Ikea: Khadi la Ikea Family limapereka kuchotsera kwapadera ndi mitengo yapadera.
• Hipercor/El Corte Inglés: : makuponi kapena kuchotsera kwa € 10 mukalembetsa ndikutsitsa mwezi uliwonse zotsatsa.
• eroski: 5% kuchotsera matewera ndi zopukuta, ma voucha ochotsera pamwezi, ndi ndalama ndi khadi la Eroski Club.
• Chisangalalo: : 5% kuchotsera kowonjezera pa kugula zakudya zachisanu pansi pamikhalidwe ina.
• Mtsikana: kuchotsera komwe kumatha kufika 10% pamakampeni ena.
• Buku la nyumba: 5% kuchotsera pogula pa intaneti ndikutumiza kwaulere kwa mabanja akulu.
• Malo ogulitsira zovala: Mitundu monga Sprinter, H&M, Décimas, Kiabi kapena Gocco imagwiritsa ntchito kuchotsera pafupifupi 10-15%.

Momwe mungalembetsere thandizo ndikulandila mapindu posachedwa (magawo ofunikira)

Zambiri zochotsera ndi zopindulitsa zimagawana njira yosavuta. Kutsatira masitepe awa kudzakulitsa kusunga ndalama ndipo, nthawi zambiri, sonkhanitsanitu chifukwa cha inu.

Gawo 1: Mutu waukulu wabanja

Sinthani mutuwo mdera lanu lodziyimira palokha. Mufunika DNI/NIE, bukhu labanja, ndi ziphaso za kalembera ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, zolemba zolemala. Ndi satifiketi yogwira, mutha kulembetsa kuchotsera, kuchotsera, ndi maubwino ena.

Khwerero 2: Kuchotsera Misonkho Yaumwini (ndi kulipiriratu)

Pemphani Treasury kuti alipiretu zochotsera monga banja lalikulu (€ 100/mwezi) kapena kulumala (€100/mwezi). Mutha kuphatikizanso ndalama zomwe mumapeza pachaka (Asturias, Castilla y León, Galicia) ndi imodzi ya ndalama zamaphunziro ndi maperesenti ndi malire awo.

Khwerero 3: Mapindu a Social Security

Za phindu la kubadwa/kutengera mwana (malipiro amodzi mpaka 1.000 €) kapena kubadwa/kutengera kangapo (€4.000–€12.000), amasonkhanitsa zolembedwa zomwe zimatsimikizira ndalama, malo okhala mwalamulo ndi banja, ndikulembetsa zofunsira mkati mwa mawu kukhazikitsidwa.

Gawo 4: Kuchotsera pamayendedwe, maphunziro, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito

Dziwonetseni kwa ogwira ntchito (Renfe, Alsa, transport consortium ya dera lanu), mayunivesite ndi mabizinesi omwe ali ndi mutu wa mabanja akulu kuti ayambitse kuchotsera. Unikaninso mikhalidwe yeniyeni: magulu, malire a zaka za ana, masiku otha ntchito, ndi kugwirizana.

Gawo 5: Kukonzekera ndi Kuthandizira

Mapulatifomu ena amisonkho amapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzindikira kuchotsedwa komwe kulipo ndikuwerengera ndalama, kupewa kuiwala ndi kudutsanaMofananamo, zida zokonzera ndalama kapena inshuwaransi ya moyo zingathandize banjalo kupirira zochitika zosayembekezereka, mutu wobwerezabwereza m'zinthu zomwe mwafunsidwa.

Ngati mungakonzekere ndikupezerapo mwayi pazinthu zonse (msonkho wa boma ndi chigawo, phindu la Social Security, mayendedwe, maphunziro, nyumba ndi malonda), banja lalikulu litha kukwaniritsa ndalama zambiri m'chaka zikomo kwa njira zopezera ndalama tsiku ndi tsikuKukhala ndi chikalata chovomerezeka, kupempha zotsogola ngati kuli kotheka, komanso kujambula zochotsera kulikonse komwe mungagule kapena kuyenda kungapangitse kusiyana mu bajeti yanu ya pamwezi.