Zvirwere makumi maviri zvinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya

Utachiona zvipenyu zvisingaoneki zvinogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana muvanhu. Zvirwere zvebhakitiriya izvi, zvinozivikanwawo sehutachiona hwehutachiona, idambudziko rekurapa rinogara riripo nekuda kwekugona kupararira nekukasira uye kukanganisa masisitimu emuviri akasiyana. Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora zvakadzama zvirwere makumi maviri zvinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya, tichiongorora zvikonzero zvavo, zviratidzo uye marapirwo angangoita. Kuburikidza nemaitiro aya ehunyanzvi uye asina kwaakarerekera, tinotsvaga kupa kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezvirwere zvinowanzoitika zvebhakitiriya uye kuvandudza ruzivo rwekukosha kwekudzivirira kwavo uye kurapwa panguva.

1. Nhanganyaya kune zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya: mhedziso yezvinorehwa nekurapa

Utachiona ndehumwe-celled microorganisms dzinogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira muviri wemunhu. Mamwe mabhakitiriya anobatsira kuhutano hwedu, asi mamwe anogona kukonzera kurwara. Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakasiyana-siyana yezvokurapa, zvose pamwero wega wega uye pamwero wehutano hweveruzhinji.

Zvirwere izvi zvinogona kuzviratidza nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva kuhutachiona hweganda kusvika kune zvirwere zvakakomba zvakadai semabayo kana meningitis. Utachiona hunogona kupinda mumuviri nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, sekusangana kwakananga nemunhu ane utachiona, kuburikidza nekudya chikafu chine utachiona, kana nekurumwa netumbuyu.

Kukurumidza kuongororwa kwezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya kwakakosha kupa kurapa kwakakwana uye kudzivirira kupararira kwavo. Vanachiremba vanoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana kuona kana chirwere chiri kukonzerwa nebhakitiriya, sekuongorora ropa, tsika dzemasamples ematishu, kana ongororo dzemurabhoritari. Uyezve, kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kunogona kudikanwa muzviitiko zvakawanda kurwisa hutachiona hwehutachiona.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kugadzirwa kwebhakitiriya inopesana nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya idambudziko riri kukura munharaunda yezvokurapa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mamwe mabhakitiriya anogona kuoma kurapa uye kukonzera zvirwere zvakanyanya. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kutora matanho ekudzivirira, akadai sehutsanana hwakakodzera, kutevedzera nhungamiro yekudzivirira uye kushandiswa zvine musoro kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kuderedza kukonzeresa kwezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya padanho rega rega uye pamwero wehutano hweveruzhinji.

2. Nzira dzehutachiona hwehutachiona: kuti mabhakitiriya anopinda sei uye anokanganisa zvipenyu

Utachiona hune nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzinovabvumira kupinda nekukanganisa zvipenyu. zvinobudirira. Aya maitiro akakosha kuti mabhakitiriya agadzirise hutachiona uye ararame mune anotambira. Nzira huru dzehutachiona hwehutachiona dzinotsanangurwa pasi apa:

1. Kutevedza: Utachiona hune mapuroteni pamusoro pawo anobvumira kunamatira kune masero anotambira. Aya mapuroteni anosunga kune chaiwo ma receptors ari pamusoro pemasero, achifambisa bhakitiriya colonization.
2. Kurwisa: Kamwe mabhakitiriya akabatana nemasero anotambira, vanoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana kupinda mukati memasero. Mamwe mabhakitiriya anogona kuburitsa ma enzymes anovabvumira kuyambuka cellular barriers, nepo mamwe ari phagocytosed neakasarudzika maseru e immune system.
3. Kugadzirwa kweToxin: Utachiona hunogona kuburitsa chepfu inokuvadza masero emugadziri uye kukonzera zviratidzo zvechirwere. Iyi chepfu inogona kuburitswa munzvimbo ye extracellular kana kuramba yakabatana neiyo bhakitiriya pamusoro.

Muchidimbu, mabhakitiriya anoshandisa nzira dzekunamatira, kupindira, uye kugadzira chepfu kupinda nekukanganisa zvipenyu zvinotakura. Kunzwisisa kuti mabhakitiriya anodyidzana sei nemuenzi kwakakosha pakuvandudza nzira dzekudzivirira uye dzekurapa kwezvirwere zvebhakitiriya.

3. Mabhakitiriya epathogenic akajairika uye maitiro avo pahutano hwevanhu

Pathogenic mabhakitiriya tupukanana tunokwanisa kukonzera zvirwere muvanhu. Munyika yose, kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana eutachiona anoonekwa seakanyanya kuwanda uye ane simba guru pautano hwevanhu. Aya mabhakitiriya epathogenic anogona kutapuriranwa kuburikidza nekusangana kwakananga nemunhu ane hutachiona kana mhuka, nekudya chikafu kana mvura ine hutachiona, kana nekufemedza zvidimbu zvine hutachiona.

Pakati peakajairika pathogenic mabhakitiriya ndeaya:

• Salmonella: Utachiona uhu hunogona kukonzera hosha dzemudumbu dzakakomba, dzinozivikanwa se salmonellosis. Zviratidzo zvakajairika zvinosanganisira fivha, kurwadziwa mudumbu, manyoka uye kurutsa.
• Escherichia coli: Mamwe marudzi ebhakitiriya aya ane pathogenic uye anogona kukonzera urinary tract infections, intestinal infections, uye hemolytic uremic syndrome, iyo inogona kukonzera kukuvara kweitsvo.
• Staphylococcus aureus: chirwere Utachiona uhu hunokonzera zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zveganda, semamota nemaabscesses. Uyezve, inogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakakomba muropa uye dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Zvakakosha kujekesa kuti kukanganisa kwebhakitiriya pahutano hwevanhu kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakadai sekupikisa kwemunhu, hutano huzhinji uye hutsanana hunotorwa. Kuti udzivise kutapukirwa neutachiona, zvinokurudzirwa kuita utsanana, kugeza maoko ako nguva nenguva, kubika zvokudya zvakanaka, uye kudzivisa kusangana zvakananga nevanhu vanorwara kana mhuka.

4. Zvirwere zvekufema zvinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya: kuongororwa uye kurapwa

5. Utachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona uye migumisiro yavo yekliniki

Utachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nekupinda kwemabhakitiriya epathogenic mumakumbo emudumbu. Utachiona uhu hunogona kupinda mumuviri kuburikidza nekudya chikafu kana mvura ine utachiona, kana kusangana nevanhu vane utachiona kana mhuka. Zvirwere zvinowanzoitika zvinokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya akadai Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter y Shigella.

Mhedzisiro yekiriniki yehutachiona uhu inogona kubva kuzviratidzo zvakapfava, senge manyoka uye kugumbuka mudumbu, kusvika kumatambudziko akakomba angangoda kuchipatara. Mimwe yemhedzisiro inowanzoitika inosanganisira kupera mvura mumuviri, kuonda, fivha, kurutsa, uye dumbu remudumbu. Mune zvimwe zviitiko zvakanyanya, hutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hunogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakadai secolitis, sepsis kana hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Kukurumidza uye kwakaringana kuongororwa kwehutachiona hwegastrointestinal hutachiona hwakakosha kuti utange kurapwa kwakakodzera uye kudzivirira matambudziko. Nzira dzekuongorora dzinosanganisira ongororo yezvituru samples kuona kuvepo kwepathogenic bacteria, serological bvunzo kuyera mhinduro ye immune system, uye microbiological tsika kuona rudzi uye kunetsa kwebhakitiriya. Kurapa kunowanzo kuve nekutonga kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kurwisa hutachiona hunokonzera hutachiona, pamwe nematanho anotsigira, akadai semvura uye electrolyte kutsiva kudzivirira kupera mvura.

6. Zvirwere zvepabonde zvinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya: epidemiological profile uye matanho ekudzora

Muchikamu chechirwere chechirwere, zvirwere zvepabonde zvinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya zvine hanya nekuda kwekuwanda kwazvo uye kukwanisa kupararira. Zvirwere izvi, izvo zvinosanganisira gonorrhea, syphilis nechlamydia, zvinomiririra dambudziko kuhurongwa hwehutano hweveruzhinji pasi rose. Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise epidemiological chimiro chezvirwere izvi, pamwe nekutora nhanho dzinoshanda dzekudzivirira kudzivirira kupararira kwavo.

Epidemiological profile yezvirwere zvepabonde zvinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya inoratidzirwa nekupararira kwavo kunyanya kuburikidza nekubatana kusina kudzivirirwa. Vanhu vanoita zvepabonde, kunyanya avo vane vadiwa vakawanda pabonde, vari panjodzi huru yekubata zvirwere izvi. Pamusoro pezvo, kushaikwa kwedzidzo yakakwana yezvepabonde uye kuwana kushomeka kwemabasa ehutano kunobatsira mukupararira kwezvirwere izvi.

Kuti udzivise kupararira kwezvirwere zvepabonde zvinotapuriranwa nebhakitiriya, zvakakosha kuita matanho anoshanda ekudzora. Izvi zvinosanganisira kusimudzira tsika dzepabonde dzakachengetedzeka, sekushandiswa kwemakondomu nemazvo, varume nevakadzi. Pamusoro pezvo, zvakakosha kukurudzira dzidziso yakazara yezvepabonde muzvikoro uye kupa mukana wemahara wekuongororwa uye kurapwa kwezvirwere izvi. Kukurumidza kuonekwa uye kurapwa nenguva kwakakosha kudzivirira matambudziko uye kumisa kupararira kwezvirwere izvi. Epidemiological surveillance zvirongwa zvinofanirwawo kuumbwa kuti zvitarise kuitika uye kuwanda kwehutachiona uhu, izvo zvinozotendera kukurumidza uye kunoshanda mhinduro kune kubuda uye nyaya nyowani.

Muchidimbu, zvirwere zvepabonde zvinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya zvinomiririra dambudziko repasi rose repidemiological. Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise yayo epidemiological profile uye kutora anobudirira kudzora matanho kudzivirira kupararira kwayo. Izvi zvinosanganisira kusimudzira tsika dzepabonde dzakachengeteka, kupa dzidziso yakazara yezvepabonde, kuwana mahara kuongororwa uye kurapwa, nekutanga epidemiological surveillance zvirongwa. Kuburikidza chete nemusanganiswa wekuedza kwehutano hwemunhu neveruzhinji Zvinogona kuitwa kurwisa zvirwere izvi uye kuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu.

7. Zvirwere zvebhakitiriya zveganda uye zvinyoro zvinyoro: kusiyanisa kuongororwa uye nzira dzokurapa

Mundima yedermatology, zvakakosha kuti ugone kunyatso uye kusiyanisa kuongorora zvirwere zvebhakitiriya zveganda uye zvinyoro zvinyoro. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuziva hutachiona hwakasiyana huri muzvirwere izvi, pamwe nekusarudza nzira dzekurapa dzinoshanda dzekugadzirisa dambudziko rega rega. Zvadaro, chikuru matanho ekutevera mukuongororwa uye kurapwa kwemamiriro aya:

1. Clinical evaluation: Nhanho yekutanga inosanganisira yakakwana yekliniki kuongororwa kwemurwere. Zvakakosha kunyatsoongorora maronda eganda uye matishu akakanganisika, pamwe nekuunganidza ruzivo nezvezviratidzo zvemunhu uye nhoroondo yekurapa. Pamusoro pezvo, predisposing zvinhu zvakaita sezera, bonde, chimiro chekudzivirira muviri, uye chero comorbidities zviripo zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa.

2. Kuongororwa kweMicrobiological: Kugadzira kuongororwa kwakarurama, muenzaniso wenzvimbo yakakanganisika inofanira kuwanikwa yekuongorora microbiological. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuita tsika kana PCR bvunzo kuona causative microorganism. Ongororo yeantibiogram yakakoshawo kuona kunzwisiswa uye kuramba kweiyo inotapukira kune akasiyana antimicrobial aripo.

3. Kurapa: Kana imwe nguva kusiyanisa kuongororwa kwaitwa uye migumisiro yekuongorora microbiological yakawanikwa, nzira yakakodzera yekurapa inofanira kusarudzwa. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kana kuti systemic, zvichienderana nekuoma kwehutachiona uye kunzwisiswa kweiyo causative microorganism. Mamiriro ekudzivirira kwebhakitiriya emunharaunda anofanira kuverengerwa pakusarudza mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, uye kuchinja mukurapa kunogona kudiwa kana pasina mhinduro yekliniki inoonekwa.

Muchidimbu, kusiyanisa kuongororwa uye nzira dzekurapa dzezvirwere zvebhakitiriya zveganda uye zvinyoro zvinyoro zvinoda kuongororwa kwekiriniki, kuongororwa kwakaringana kwehutachiona hwehutachiona, uye kusarudzwa kwakakodzera kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Kunyatsozivikanwa kwecausative microorganism uye kunzwa kwayo kune maantibioti aripo kwakakosha kuwana kurapwa uye kudzivirira matambudziko. Pamusoro pezvo, kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa uye kuongororwa kwemhedzisiro yekurapa kwakakosha kugadzirisa kurapa kana zvichidikanwa.

8. Zvirwere zvebhakitiriya zveurinary system: zvinokonzera njodzi uye nzira dzokurapa

Zvirwere zvebhakitiriya zveurinary system mamiriro ezvinhu anokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya anokanganisa weti system, kusanganisira itsvo, dundira, uye urethra. Utachiona uhu hunogona kupinda muurinary system kuburikidza neurinary kana kubva kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri, senge matumbu. Zvikonzero zvinokonzeresa zvirwere izvi zvinosanganisira kuvapo kwechirwere chekare, kushandiswa kwemakateta eweti, kuvharika kweweti, uye kuderera kwesimba rekudzivirira zvirwere.

Nzira yekurapa yezvirwere zvebhakitiriya zveurinary system inowanzobatanidza kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kubvisa hutachiona hunokonzera hutachiona. Mhando yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye nguva yekurapa ichaenderana nemhando yebhakitiriya inobatanidzwa uye kuoma kwehutachiona. Zvakakosha kupedzisa nzira yose yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kunyange kana zviratidzo zvikanyangarika nokukurumidza, kuve nechokwadi chokuti hutachiona hwakapedzwa zvachose.

Pamusoro pekurapa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, mamwe matanho anogona kutorwa kudzivirira kudzoka kwezvirwere izvi. Zvakakosha kuchengetedza hutsanana hwakanaka, kunyanya munzvimbo yepabonde, kudzivirira kupararira kwebhakitiriya. Kunwa mvura yakakwana uye kudzivisa kubata weti kwenguva yakareba kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira zvirwere zveweti. Kana mhinganidzo yeweti ikaitika, nzira dzokuvhiya dzingave dziri madikanwa kuchiruramisa uye kudzivirira kutapukira kwomunguva yemberi.

9. Utachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona: zviratidzo zvekliniki uye kurapa kwakakosha

Utachiona hwehutachiona hwemabhakitiriya ndiwo mamiriro akajairika anokanganisa ziso uye zvimiro zvaro zviri pedyo nekuda kwekuwanda kwehutachiona hwepathogenic. Utachiona uhwu hunogona kuzviratidza mumhando dzakasiyana dzekiriniki uye zvinoda marapirwo akasarudzika kuitira kupora nekukurumidza uye kudzivirira matambudziko anogona kuitika.

Kuratidzwa kwekiriniki kwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwemaziso kunogona kusanganisira zviratidzo zvakadai sekutsvuka kweziso, purulent discharge, kunzwa kwekunze kwemuviri muziso, kurwadziwa, kuputika, uye kusaona. Zviratidzo izvi zvinowanzoonekwa zvakanyanya mubhakitiriya conjunctivitis, bacterial keratitis uye orbital cellulitis. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kuratidzwa kwekliniki kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwehutachiona hwemaziso uye kuoma kwayo.

Kurapa kwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwemaziso kunofanira kuitwa nenyanzvi yemaziso, uyo achasarudza kurapa kwakakodzera zvichienderana nemhando yehutachiona uye kuoma kwayo. Topical therapy ine madonhwe eziso kana ophthalmic mafuta ane mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya ndiyo inowanzo shandiswa. kubvisa utachiona hunokonzera utachiona. Uyezve, mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru, kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kudiwa. Zvakakosha kutevera zviratidzo uye nguva yekurapa inorayirwa nenyanzvi kuti ave nechokwadi chekuporesa kwakakwana uye kudzivisa zvinogona kuitika zvakare.

Muchidimbu, hutachiona hwehutachiona hwemaziso hunogona kuratidza zviratidzo zvakasiyana zvekiriniki uye zvinoda kurapwa kwakasarudzika. Kushandiswa kwemadonhwe emaziso kana mafuta emaziso ane mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya Ndiwo mushonga unonyanya kushandiswa kurwisa zvirwere izvi. Zvakakosha kutsvaga kurapwa kwakakodzera uye kutevedzera mirairo yeophthalmologist kune tsamba kuti uwane kupora nekukurumidza uye kudzivirira matambudziko mune ramangwana.

10. Utachiona hunobatanidzwa nevector-borne disease: kuongorora kwepasi rose

Utachiona hunoita basa rakakosha mukutapuriranwa kwezvirwere nemavekita, sezvo ari iwo anokonzera zvirwere zvizhinji zvezvirwere izvi. Munyika yose, kune mabhakitiriya akasiyana-siyana anobatanidzwa mumhando idzi dzezvirwere. Mabhakitiriya aya anogona kutapurirwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzemavector, seumhutu, zvikwekwe kana nhata.

Imwe yebhakitiriya inonyanya kuzivikanwa mukufambiswa kwezvirwere nemavectors ndeye Borrelia burgdorferi, zvichikonzera chirwere cheLyme. Utachiona uhu hunotapurirwa nezvikwekwe uye hunogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakakomba muvanhu kana hukasarapwa nenguva. Imwe bhakitiriya yakakosha ndeye Rickettsia rickettsii, inokonzera Rocky Mountain spotted fever, inoparadzirwa nezvikwekwe. Chirwere ichi chinogona kuuraya kana chikasarapwa nemazvo.

Mamwe mabhakitiriya akakosha mune ino mamiriro Yersinia pestis, inokonzera chirwere chebubonic chinoparadzirwa nenhata, uye Anaplasma phagocytophilum, iyo inokonzera chikwekwe-borne anaplasmosis. Aya angori mashoma emabhakitiriya mazhinji anobatanidzwa muzvirwere zvinotapuriranwa nemavhairasi pasi rose. Kudzidza nekunzwisisa mabhakitiriya aya kwakakosha pakuvandudza nzira dzekudzivirira nekudzora zvirwere izvi.

11. Zvirwere zvebhakitiriya zvine chokuita nemvura yakasvibiswa uye zvokudya

Kune dzakawanda zvirwere zvebhakitiriya zvine hukama zvakananga kushandiswa kwemvura uye zvokudya zvine utachiona. Zvirwere izvi zvinogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakakomba uye kuisa hutano hwevanhu pangozi. Pazasi pane zvimwe zvehosha dzebhakitiriya dzinofambiswa nemvura uye chikafu:

• Salmonellosis: Inonyanya kutapurirwa kuburikidza nechikafu chakasvibiswa neSalmonella bacteria. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira manyoka, kupisa muviri uye kurwadziwa mudumbu. Zvakakosha kubika zvokudya zvakanaka uye kudzivisa kusvibiswa kwemuchinjikwa kudzivirira salmonellosis.
• Botulism: Ichi chirwere chisingawanzoitiki asi chakakomba chinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya Clostridium botulinum. Utachiona uhu hunogona kuwanikwa muzvikafu zvemumagaba zvisina kunyatsogadzirwa. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kupera simba kwetsandanyama, kusaona zvakanaka, uye kutadza kufema zvakanaka. Kudzivirira botulism kunosanganisira kutarisira kwakakodzera zvekudya zvinhu zvemumagaba uye nekuona kuchengetedzwa kwazvo.
• Hasha: Icho chirwere chebhakitiriya chechirwere chinoparadzirwa kuburikidza ne kushandiswa kwemvura kana zvokudya zvakasvibiswa neVibrio cholerae. Zviratidzo zvikuru manyoka uye kupera simba kwemvura. Kudzivirira cholera kunosanganisira kuwana mvura yekunwa utsanana uye kudyiwa kwechikafu chakabikwa nemabatirwo zvakanaka pasi pehutsanana.

Kuti udzivise kutaridzika kweizvi, zvakakosha kutevedzera mamwe matanho ekuchengetedza nehutsanana:

• Chengeta utsanana hwakakwana, geza maoko ako nguva nenguva nesipo nemvura usati wabata chikafu.
• Bika chikafu kune tembiricha yakachengeteka kuti uve nechokwadi chekuparadzwa kwechero bhakitiriya iripo.
• Rega kudya chikafu chisina kubikwa kana kubikwa zvisina kubikwa, kunyanya nyama, hove nemazai.
• Shandisa mvura yekunwa pakunwa, kugadzira chikafu, uye kugeza midziyo yemukicheni.
• Chengeta chikafu nemazvo, uchidzivirira kusvibiswa pakati pezvikafu zvakabikwa kana zvakabikwa.

12. Zvirwere zvebhakitiriya zviri kubuda uye zvinotanga zvakare: zvinetso zvehutano uye hutano hwevanhu

Zvirwere zvebhakitiriya zviri kubuda uye zvinotanga zvakare zvinomiririra dambudziko guru kune vose vezvechiremba uye yehutano paruzhinji. Zvirwere izvi ndezviya zvichangobva kuonekwa muhuwandu hwevanhu kana kuti zvakatangazve munzvimbo dzakambobatwa nechirwere ichi. Kuwedzera kwayo nekukurumidza uye kupararira kunogona kukanganisa hutano hwehuwandu uye inoda mhinduro inoshanda uye yakarongeka nevashandi vehutano.

Kuzivikanwa uye kutariswa kwezvirwere zvebhakitiriya zviri kubuda uye zvakare kubuda kwakakosha kudzora kupararira kwavo. Vanamazvikokota vezvehutano vanofanirwa kuve vakangwarira kubuda kutsva uye kutangazve kwezvirwere zvebhakitiriya, uye kutora matanho nekukasika kuzvitonga. Kudzidzira uye dzidzo zvinhu zvakakosha zvekushandisa maitiro aya, sezvavanobvumira vanachiremba nevamwe vashandi vehutano kuti vazive zviratidzo uye maitiro ezvirwere izvi, pamwe chete nedziviriro dzemazuva ano dzekudzivirira uye kurapwa.

Uyezve, zvakakosha kuita tsvakiridzo yesainzi kuti unzwisise zviri nani epidemiology uye masimba ezvirwere zvebhakitiriya zviri kubuda uye zviri kubuda zvakare. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira zvidzidzo pamusoro pemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kutapurirana kwebhakitiriya, uye zvinhu zvine njodzi. Mhedzisiro yeongororo iyi inopa ruzivo rwakakosha rwekuvandudza nzira dzekudzivirira nekudzora dzinoshanda. Saizvozvo, zvakakosha kusimbaradza kushandira pamwe nekubatana pamwero wepasi rose, sezvo zvirwere zvebhakitiriya zviri kubuda uye zvinomuka zvakare hazvizivi miganhu uye zvinoda nzira yakabatana yekutungamira uye kutonga kwavo.

13. Nzira dzekudzivirira nekudzora zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya

Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya zvinomiririra dambudziko guru kune hutano hwevanhu. Kuti udzivise uye udzivise zvirwere izvi, zvakakosha kushandisa nzira dzakasimba. Heano mamwe matanho akakosha aungatora:

Kubaiwa nhomba: Vaccination ndiyo imwe yenzira dzinoshanda dzekudzivirira zvirwere zvebhakitiriya. Izvo zvakakosha kubaya vanhu vanotarirwa, kunyanya mapoka ane njodzi zvakanyanya, kuitira kuderedza kupararira kwehutachiona hwepathogenic. Nhungamiro dzemajekiseni dzakatarwa nevakuru vehutano dzinofanirwa kutevedzwa.

Utsanana hwemunhu: Utsanana hwakanaka hunokosha kudzivirira kupararira kwebhakitiriya. Kugeza maoko ako zvakanaka uye nguva dzose nesipo nemvura, kunyanya usati wadya kana kugadzirira zvokudya, wapedza kushandisa chimbuzi, uye paunodzokera kumba, kunogona kubatsira kuderedza ngozi yeutachiona. Zvakakoshawo kuti urege kubata kumeso kwako uye kuvhara muromo wako paunenge uchikosora kana kuhotsira.

Kudzora kwezvakatipoteredza: Kudzora kwezvakatipoteredza kunoita basa rakakosha mukudzivirira zvirwere zvehutachiona. Kuchengeta nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji uye dzepachivande dzakachena, pamwe nekugara uchibvisa utachiona munzvimbo dzinowanzobatwa, zvinogona kubatsira kubvisa kana kuderedza kuvapo kwehutachiona hwepathogenic. Mukuwedzera, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi chemhepo yakakwana uye kurapwa kwemvura uye chikafu kudzivirira kupararira kwebhakitiriya inokuvadza.

14. Tsvakurudzo yeramangwana uye kufambira mberi mukudzidza kwezvirwere zvebhakitiriya: maonero anovimbisa

Mumunda wekutsvagisa chirwere chebhakitiriya, nzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzinovimbisa dzekufunda dzakaonekwa dzinogona kuunza kufambira mberi kukuru mukunzwisisa uye kurapwa kwezvirwere izvi. Imwe yenzvimbo idzi itsvakurudzo yemishonga mitsva inorwisa utachiona inogona kurwisa utachiona husingaurayiwi nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Ongororo dzakawanda dzakaratidza kushanda kwemamwe macommunication mukudzora mabhakitiriya asingarambe, uye zvinotarisirwa kuti mishonga mitsva ichagadzirwa mune ramangwana zvichibva pane zvakawanikwa izvi.

Imwe mutsara unovimbisa wetsvagiridzo ndeyekutsvagisa marapirwo akavakirwa pakusabatwa nehosha. Zvakaonekwa kuti immune system yemunhu inokwanisa kuziva nekubvisa mabhakitiriya epathogenic, uye tsvakiridzo iri kuenderera mberi yekugadzira marapirwo anosimudzira iyi immune immune. Izvi zvinogona kunyanya kukosha mukurapa kwezvirwere zvinowanzoitika kana zvisingaperi zvinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya, uko mishonga yemishonga yemagariro inogona kunge isingabatsiri.

Uyezve, kufambira mberi mune genomic sequencing uye bioinformatics technologies yakabvumira kunzwisisa kukuru kweiyo genetics uye kushanduka kwehutachiona hwepathogenic. Ruzivo urwu rwakapa humbowo hutsva hwemafambisirwo azvinoita uye kuti haagone kurwa nemishonga inorwisa utachiona. Kufambira mberi uku kwakavhurawo musuwo mukana wekugadzira nzira nyowani, dzakanyatsojeka uye nekukurumidza dzekuongorora uye epidemiological surveillance nzira, izvo zvinogona kubatsira mukuonekwa kwekutanga uye kutonga kwezvirwere zvebhakitiriya.

Muchidimbu, kunzwisisa zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya kwakakosha kuvandudza hutano hwevanhu uye kugara zvakanaka chesosaiti. Kuburikidza nechinyorwa ichi, takaongorora makumi maviri ezvirwere zvebhakitiriya izvo zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya hutano hwevanhu. Kubva pazvirwere zvakajairika senge pneumonia uye tuberculosis kusvika kune zvinouraya zvakanyanya senge bacterial meningitis uye sepsis, zvirwere izvi zvinounza matambudziko makuru maererano nekuongorora, kurapwa nekudzivirira.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti mabhakitiriya anogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenharaunda yedu, kubva kune yakasvibiswa chikafu nemvura kune zvinhu zvemazuva ese uye nzvimbo. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinhu zvakaita sekuramba kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye kushaikwa kwekuziva kweveruzhinji nezvehutsanana hutsanana hunobatsira mukupararira nekuramba kwezvirwere izvi. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kusimudzira matanho ekudzivirira, akadai sehutsanana hwemunhu, kubika kwakaringana kwechikafu nekudzivirira, kuitira kuderedza kuitika uye kukanganisa kwezvirwere izvi.

Kugadzirisa zvirwere zvebhakitiriya kunodawo nzira yakasiyana-siyana uye yekubatana, inosanganisira vanachiremba, vatsvakurudzi, vashandi vehutano hwehutano uye nharaunda yose. Kuburikidza nekuenderera mberi nekutsvagisa kwesainzi uye nekuvandudza matekinoroji ekuongorora, tinogona kugadzira nzira dziri nani dzekurapa nekudzivirira.

Mukupedzisa, zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya zvinomiririra zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvakaoma mamiriro ezvinhu anobata mamiriyoni evanhu pasi rose. Tiine tarisiro yedzidzo nekuita matanho ekudzivirira, tinokwanisa kugadzirisa zvirwere izvi nekuvandudza hutano nekugara zvakanaka kwenharaunda yese.