3I/ATLAS: Yakazara gwara kune yechitatu interstellar comet sezvainopfuura nemuSolar System.

Sezvainoswedera pedyo neperihelion, 3I/ATLAS Yakava iyo pfungwa yekuongorora nyeredzi nekuti ingori yechitatu yakasimbiswa interstellar chinhu kuti chipfuure nenharaunda yezuva. Yayo yekutarisa geometry kubva kuPasi padhuze nekiyi zuva haisi yakanyanya kunaka, asi Kutariswa kwakarongeka kubva kuEurope nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekutarisa kuri kubvumira maitiro ayo kuteverwa. nemashoko anoshamisa.

Kure nemisoro yenyaya inonakidza, data iripo inonongedza ku yakajairika-inotaridzika comet ine yakasarudzika maficha, ane hyperbolic trajectory uye orbital parameters anoitengesa se mushanyi kubva kunze kweSystem SolarNharaunda yesainzi inotora mukana wekudzidza chemistry yayo uye simba, nepo kufungidzira kunoshamisa kuchiiswa pamuedzo wehumbowo.

Chii chinonzi 3I/ATLAS uye nei zvine basa?

Yakaonekwa muna Chikunguru 2, 2025 neiyo ATLAS network, yayo eccentricity yakakura kupfuura 6 uye kukurumidza kwayo kwe ~ 58 km/s NezveZuva, vakasimbisa mavambo aro enyeredzi. Inosanganisira comma uye muswe weguruvauye mumavhiki achangopfuura yakaratidza "anti-muswe" (kana kuti muswe unooneka wakananga kuZuva) zvinotsanangurwa nemaonero emhedzisiro uye particle dynamics, a chiitiko chinozivikanwa mumacomets eSolar System.

Pamusoro peiyo orbital kufarira, 3I/ATLAS inopa yakasarudzika hwindo mune zvekutanga zvinhu zvakagadzirwa kunze kwenharaunda yedu. Kudzidzidza kwaigona ratidza kana zvivakwa zvemapuraneti masisitimu iwo mayunifomu mhiri kwegwara renzou here kana kuti anosiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro enyeredzi kwaakabva?

Mazuva akakosha uye madaro ekufamba kuburikidza neSolar System

Perihelion inoitika muna Gumiguru 29, nguva dza11:47 UT, pa 1,36 AU (203 miriyoni km) kubva kuZuvaPazuva iroro, kureba kwezuva hakuna kunaka uye chinhu chacho chiri kupesana nePasi, kuitira kuti. Kuona kwakananga kubva pasi redu kwakaoma.

Musi waNovember 3, 3I/ATLAS ichaenda kune inenge 97 mamiriyoni emakiromita kubva kuVenusMuvhiki imwe chete iyoyo, geometry yayo ichave yakanaka kune yeEuropean JUICE mishoni, munzira kuenda kuJupiter, kuridza. kure kuona pasina chiedza chezuva pakati.

Kusvika kwayo kwepedyo kuPasi kwakarongerwa Zvita 19, pane chinhambwe che 267 mamiriyoni emakiromita (purely gravitational trajectory). Kunyangwe ichange isiri chinhu chinopenya chinoonekwa neziso rakashama, ichaita kunge ichionekwa kune makuru emateur telescope pahukuru hwakatenderedza +11 se. inobuda zvakare mudenga remangwanani.

Nechekare muna 2026, munaKurume 16, 3I/ATLAS ichaswedera 54 mamiriyoni emakiromita kubva kuJupiterMunzvimbo iyoyo, iyo Juno probe inogona kuedza kufungidzira kana redhiyo kutarisa mukutsvaga kubuda, nguva dzose mukati mekugona kwemishini uye zvakasimbiswa zvesainzi zvekutanga.

Ndiani ari kuona: basa reEurope uye makuru ekuona

Europe iri kuita basa rakakosha. Teresikopu Yakakura Kwazvo (VLT) muChileTeresikopu, inoshandiswa neESO, yanga ichitarisa kushanduka kwe comet ine zviridzwa zvakaita se X-shooter uye UVES, ichitora kemikari yayo "inomuka" sezvainoswedera kuZuva. Teresikopu muCanary Islands akapawo, kunyora kuchinja morphology yemuswe.

Muchadenga, iyo LASCO coronagraph iri mukati SOHO (yakabatana ESA/NASA mission) Yakanyora comet pedyo neperihelion pasinei nekupenya kwayo kuduku. Uyezve, mifananidzo yeCCOR-1 kubva kuGOES-19 satellite yakaratidza kufenda kwayo payaive kudivi rekure kweZuva, muenzaniso wekuti sei. Heliospheric zviridzwa zvinogona kutsigira comet kuvhima pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ekucherechedza.

Unique chemistry: nickel vapor uye CO2-rich coma

Imwe yemhedzisiro inoshamisa ndeye nickel vapor kuona mu coma ye 3I / ATLAS panzvimbo yakakura yeheliocentric (≈3,9 AU), pasina concomitant iron signals pamusoro pemiganhu yezviridzwa. Iyi nzira isina kujairika inoratidza kuti nickel inogona kuburitswa kubva kumakomponi ayo Dzinoputsika pakudziya kwakaderera pasi pemwaranzi yezuva, pachinzvimbo chekuuya kubva kune yakananga sublimation yesimbi.

Payakasvika payakabva yaonekwawo cyanogen (CN) kubudaZvakafanana nemacomets, uye zvakacherechedzwa neJames Webb Space Telescope zvinonongedza ku coma yakapfuma mu CO2 maererano nemvura, kuwedzera kune particulate mvura ice uye carbon monoxide. Zvose izvi zvinopenda mufananidzo wakaoma wemakemikari unobatsira kuenzanisa 3I / ATLAS ne 2I / Borisov uye solar comets akadzidza zvakanaka.

Mikana yekuyera muswe weion kubva mungarava dziri munzira

Ongororo ichangoburwa inokurudzira kusimudzira nzira ye Hera (ESA) uye kubva kuEuropa Clipper kuyedza kuona maion kubva kumuswe we3I / ATLAS panguva chaiyo windows.Pakati paGumiguru 25 naNovember 1 yeHera, uye kubva Gumiguru 30 kusvika Mbudzi 6 yeEuropa Clipper. Kunyangwe mushure mekupfuura mamiriyoni emakiromita kubva pakati peaxis Kubva kumuswe, kupararira kwezvikamu kubva kune anoshanda comets zvinogona kubvumira zviyero zvinobatsira.

Pane zvinogumira: Hera haitakure zviridzwa zvakagadzirirwa kubata maion kana "dhizaini" yemagineti chimiro checoma, nepo. Europa Clipper ine magnetometer uye plasma paki yakakodzera kuyedzaNekudaro, kurongeka kwakaoma uye zvinoenderana nekamuri shoma yekufambisa iripo.

Zvinoshamisa hypotheses uye asidi bvunzo yeperihelion

Sezvakaitika na 1I/'OumuamuaHapana kushomeka kwekududzira kwekunze. Zvinonzi 3I/ATLAS inogona kunge iri chinhu chakagadzirwa kana "Trojan horse"kana kuti anti-muswe angave a "braking" nemauneParizvino, mafotometric, spectroscopic, uye morphological zviyero zvinonyatsoenderana ne natural comet inodzinga guruva negasi pasi pechiedza uye maonero mamiriro.

Iyo perihelion inoshanda se mutongo wakasimbaKana nucleus iri brittle, kudziyisa kunogona kuipatsanura uye kuwedzera kuoma kwayo; kana zvisina kudaro, Tichaona kuita kwakasimba mukati mekutarisira.Zviratidzo zvetekinoroji zvakaita senge isiri-gravity maneuver, magetsi ekugadzira, kana kupisa kweinjini kwakanyanya hazvina kumboitwa. yakashuma nehumbowo hwakasimbaMusainzi, tsananguro yakapfava inowanzova yechokwadi kusvika yaratidzwa neimwe nzira nedata.

Neseti iyi yemadanidziro kubva kuEurope nepasirese, uye nezviitiko zvakajeka — Venus musi wa3 Mbudzi, kuswedera pedyo nePasi musi waDecember 19 uye pedyo neJupiter musi waKurume 16, 2026—, 3I/ATLAS inopa mukana wakasarudzika wekuyedza mhando dzeinterstellar comets, kuvandudza maitiro ekutarisa heliospheric uye enzanisa chemistry yayo neyeSolar System yedu pasina kutora chero chinhu chidiki chisingatsigirwe nedata.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Ko 3I/ATLAS iinterstellar comet here kana kuti inogona kuitika kunze kwenyika? Makiyi ese kune cosmic mushanyi kupatsanura sainzi.

Alberto navarro

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