Zvekutsvaga kana uchitenga Ultra laptop: VRAM, SSD, TDP, uye kuratidza

¿Chii chekutarisa kana iwe uchida kutenga Ultra laptop? Kutenga yepamusoro-yekupedzisira laptop inoshuvira kune "Ultra" label haisi yekungoenzanisa mitengo. Chinonyanya kuita musiyano kuziva kuti ndezvipi zvikamu zvekutarisa. Kuti komputa yako iite sezvaunotarisira nhasi uye mumakore mashoma. Kana iwe uchitamba mitambo, gadzirisa vhidhiyo, gadzira 3D, kana kushanda nemaseti makuru, iwe unozoda chiyero chakanaka pakati pemifananidzo, CPU, RAM, SSD, kuratidza, madoko, uye, zvakanyanya kukosha, TDP uye kutonhora.

Usati waenda mune zvakadzama, zvakakosha kuisa zvinotarisirwa. Iyo "Ultra" laptop inofanirwa kusanganisa inokwanisa GPU ine yakakwana VRAM, inokurumidza SSD, mbiri-chiteshi ndangariro., chiratidziro chinoenderana nezvauri kuita, uye kudziya kwekutonga kusingadzore kuita. Kubva ipapo, inyaya yekunzwisisa akakosha matekinoroji uye kuti anobatana sei.

Zvinorevei kuti laptop ive "Ultra"?

Iko hakuna chisimbiso chepamutemo, asi zvakajairika kuti "Ultra" zvinoreva Yemazuva ano yakatsaurirwa magiraidhi ane ray yekutevera rutsigiro, ine simba multi-core CPUInosvika 16GB ye RAM inowedzerwa, inokurumidza NVMe SSD, yakanaka yekubatanidza, uye yakakwirira-resolution kana yakakwirira-yekuzorodza mwero kuratidza, zvichienderana nekushandisa kwako. Usavarega vachikunyengedza: zvese zvikamu uye kupisa kupisa kunofanirwa kuenderana.

Mukuita, kutaura nezve "Ultra" nhasi kunotungamirira kutarisa GPU VRAM, SSD mhando, TDP, uye kuratidza. Tsigiro yekugadzirwa kwehardware uye kutenderera, uye kugona kugonesa manejimendi emazuva ano uye nekukurumidza mabhoti maficha muBIOS anowedzerawo mapoinzi.

Graphics Card uye VRAM: Mwoyo weKuona Kuita

Iyo GPU yakakosha kana iwe uchitamba mitambo, gadzira mu3D, kana kushandisa maapplication anokwidziridzwa neCUDA, OpenCL, kana zvakafanana. Iyo yakawanda GPU simba, iyo yakawanda graphical ruzivo inoverengerwa uye inoratidzwa pasekondi., uye chiitiko chacho chiri nani. VRAM ndiyo kiyi pano: 6 GB inogona kushandira 1080p, 8 GB inokupa musoro, uye 12 GB kana kupfuura inoshanda zvishamiso zve1440p uye inorema mapurojekiti.

Pakati pevakuru vaviri, Nvidia uye AMD inotungamira ine proprietary tekinorojiNvidia inounza DLSS kuwedzera furemu mareti neAI uye advanced ray tracing; AMD inobhadhara neFSR uye Smart Access Memory, iyo inogonesa kuyerera kwedata pakati peRyzen neRadeon CPU. Kana iwe uchizotamba neray tracing, GeForce RTX kana Radeon RX 6000 nhevedzano kana yepamusoro inodiwa.

Hazvisi zvese zviri kutamba: GPUs inomhanyisa kugadzirisa, AI, uye kutenderera, uye inotakurika mhando dzakadai MSI Claw A8 ratidza nzira yekuwana chiyero pakati peCPU neGPU mune nharembozha.

Mareferensi emagetsi iwe uchaona zvakawanda: GeForce GTX 1060 kana 1660 Super yekupinda solvent, RTX 2060/3060 yemitambo yepakati RT, uye mazinga akakwirira ane RTX 3080/3080 Ti/3090 Ti. Pa AMD, RX 6500 XT kutanga nayo, RX 6700 XT/6800 XT yakasimba kwazvo, uye RX 6900/6950 XT seyepamusoro-soro yechizvarwa chayo.

Ray tracing, chaiyo chaiyo uye kurarama kutenderera

Ray tracing inotevedzera mwenje chaizvo. Yatova nzira yakakosha yemitambo uye kuona nerutsigiro rweGeForce RTX uye Radeon RX 6000+. Kana iwe uine VR mupfungwa, ramba wakatarira pane zvinodiwa: yakakurumbira mahedhifoni yagara ichida GTX 1060 kana RX 480 GPUs sehwaro, uye yakakwirira kune yakanaka fluidity.

Kana iwe uchiyerera, reta NVEC uye Nvidia's Studio chikuva, kana AMD's Adrenalin software, uye tora mhinduro dzakadai se Elgato 4K S izvo zvinoderedza mutoro pahurongwa. Ivo vanokutendera kuti utepfenyure uye ubate zvisina kuita zvishoma pane furemu mitengo; ungangoda kuwedzera GPU yako notch kana iwe uchange uchitepfenyura nezviitiko zvakaoma uye akawanda masosi.

CPU: cores, cache, mirairo uye TDP

Iyo CPU inoisa kumhanya mumabasa anorema uye neCPU-yakasungwa mitambo. Tarisa kune akawanda anoshanda macores ane yakanaka turbo inosimudzira uye nerupo caches (L1, L2, L3) kuderedza ndangariro kumirira. Zvivakwa zvemazuva ano sePanther Lake tsigira SIMD ekuwedzera senge SSE uye AVX inomhanyisa multimedia, encryption, kana AI.

Musiyano uripo pakati pe32 ne64 bits inhoroondo nhasi: 64 bits inobvumira kugadzirisa zvakanyanya ndangariro uye hombe nhamba dzenhamba, basic sainzi, dhatabhesi, kana 8K editing. Yese yazvino "Ultra" laptop ndeye x86-64, saka unenge wakafukidzwa.

Iyo TDP haisi nhamba yekushongedza: inoratidza kupisa iyo system inofanirwa kuparara kuchengetedza frequencyMumalaptops, TDP yepamusoro inoda chassis iri nani uye kufefetedza; kana zvisina kudaro, kupisa kwekushisa uye ruzha zvichaitika. Izvo zvakakosha kuti mugadziri akakurisa iyo yekutonhodza system nenzira kwayo uye kuti iwe unokwanisa kumisikidza ma profiles ekupisa.

RAM: huwandu, chiteshi uye latencies

RAM inobata akawanda maapplication uye mapurojekiti makuru. Kune "Ultra", 16 GB ndiyo base uye 32 GB inokurudzirwa zvakanyanya. Kana iwe ukagadzirisa vhidhiyo, unganidza, kana kushanda neVM, pese pazvinogoneka, gonesa maviri maviri chiteshi ane akafanana module kuti apeta bandwidth.

Pamusoro pekumhanya, CAS latencies ine basa: tsika dzakaderera dzinoderedza kunonokaSO-DIMMs anoshandiswa mumalaptops; kana RAM ichitengeswa, iva nechokwadi chekuraira huwandu hwakakodzera kubva kufekitari. Munzvimbo dzakaoma, ECC memory inoona uye inogadzirisa zvikanganiso, kunyangwe izvi zvisingawanikwe mumalaptops evatengi.

Kuchengetedza: NVMe SSD vs. HDD uye Zvaunoda Kuziva

Iyo "Ultra" rig inoda NVMe SSD yehurongwa uye inoshanda mapurojekiti. Iyo NVMe pamusoro pePCIe zvakajeka kupfuura SATA, uye ese ari maviri makore akareruka pamberi peHDD. Iwe unozoona kubhowa mumasekondi, kuvhura maapplication pasina kumirira, uye kupa kana kutumira kunze nekukurumidza.

Kunyangwe pasina munhu achaisa system HDD mulaptop yeligi iyi nhasi, hazvirwadze kunzwisisa izvo zvakakosha: Magnetic disks anoronga data kuita masilinda, mateki, uye zvikamu, kugona kwayo kunonzwisisika kwakavakirwa paMBR kana GPT, uye kutaura kwazvino kunoshandisa LBA. Iyo BIOS kana UEFI inoona dhisiki, inomhanyisa POST, inoverenga tafura yekugovera, uye nemaoko pamusoro pekutonga kune iyo boot sector kana yemazuva ano maneja wehurongwa.

Iwe zvakare uchasangana nenhoroondo acronyms: IDE kana PATA uye SATA inotsanangura nzvimbo dzekubatanidzaNhasi, NVMe pamusoro pePCIe ndiyo chiyero chekumhanya; SATA ichiri yakanakira kuchengetedza kwakawanda, uye USB-C inobvumira inotakurika yekunze madhiraivha ekuchengetedza kana midhiya.

Kubatana uye madoko: izvo zvauchanyatso shandisa

Iyo "Ultra" isina madoko akanaka inongobikwa nehafu. Tarisa USB 3.x, USB-C ine DisplayPort Alt Mode, uye kana zvichiita, Thunderbolt yeGPUs kana ekunze RAIDs. HDMI kana, zvirinani zvakadaro, DisplayPort yeakakwira-kumhanya monitors. RJ-45 2.5 GbE isarudzo huru kana iwe ukatamisa yakawanda pane network yemuno.

Nhaka dzaungaone dzakataurwa: VGA, DVI, S/PDIF, eSATA, FireWireIwo anobatsira kune ruzivo rwese, asi iripo ndeye zvese nezve USB-C, DP, HDMI, uye Wi-Fi 6/6E. Zvekuteerera, funga yakasanganiswa yakabuda ine mhando maikorofoni uye, kana iwe ukagadzira zvirimo, yakatsaurirwa USB interface.

Ratidza: Resolution, Refresh Rate, uye Common Sense

Iyo skrini inosarudza mashandisiro aunoita uye kutamba. Pamitambo yemakwikwi, 1080p pa144Hz kana kupfuura igoridhe.Nekugadzirisa uye ruzivo, 1440p kana 4K ine yakanaka yekuvhara kwemavara (sRGB kana DCI-P3) yakakosha. Usabhadharire mamwe mafps kana iyo pani isingakwanise kuiratidza, kana kune imwe sarudzo kana iwe uchizoda kuyera zvese.

Rangarira kuti Ray tracing uye yakakwirira resolution inoda yakawanda yeGPU neVRAM.DLSS kana FSR rubatsiro, asi ipfungwa yakanaka kudzikamisa skrini uye magiraidhi saka hapana bhodhoro nekuda kwekuwandisa kana kushomeka kwe.

Bhobhobhodhi, chipsets, uye mabhazi: nei zvichikosha kunyangwe iwe usingazvione

Mulaptop, unenge usiri kuchinja bhodhi reamai, asi dhizaini yayo ichakubata iwe. Iyo chipset inobata kuyerera pakati peCPU, RAM, SSD uye GPU; yaimbove yakakamurwa kuita northbridge uye southbridge, uye nhasi mabasa mazhinji anogara mukati me processor pachayo. PCI Express inosarudza kumhanya kwekadhi yemifananidzo uye SSD; iyo nzira dzakawanda uye iyo yemazuva ano shanduro, zviri nani.

ATX, microATX kana mini-ITX fomu zvinhu zvinobva kunyika yedesktop, inobatsira kana iwe uchizogadzira yakagadziriswa kana yekushandira. Kana iwe uri kufunga eGPU kana madocks ane akawanda mabudiroKuziva kusiyanisa pakati pePCIe x1 uye x16 slots uye kuziva majoini emukati anokubatsira kuti unzwisise mabhodhoro uye kuenderana.

Pa boot, iyo BIOS kana UEFI inoita POST, inoona ndangariro nemidziyo, uye inoverenga ma paramita kubva kubhatiri-inotsigirwa CMOS. Iyo firmware yakanyatsogadzirwa ine sarudzo dzakajeka uye nekukurumidza kutanga-up inopa zvakawanda kupfuura zvinoita..

Memory mhando uye modules: izvo zvakakosha pasina kurasika

Chiyeuchidzo chikuru ndeye DRAM; SRAM inoshandiswa secache nekuda kwekuderera kwayo latency. Panyaya yemamodule, maDIMM akachengeterwa desktops, nepo maSO-DIMM anotonga hukuru mumalaptops. DDR, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4, uye DDR5 inomiririra zvizvarwa zvine kumhanya kwepamusoro uye kuderera kwemagetsi; mumasisitimu azvino, uchaona DDR4 kana DDR5. Gara uchivavarira maviri maviri chiteshi ane mapatya module kudzivirira kupira kuita.

Kana uchifamba nemakadhi, kuziva mafomati kunobatsira: SD uye SDHC inotonga mumakamera nemarekodha, nemakirasi anoratidza kukurumidza kukurumidza; kune zvakare CompactFlash uye Memory Stick makadhi achiripo mune yekare kana chaiyo michina.

Kuchengetera kwekunze, makopi uye optical media

Kune ma backups, yakanaka USB-C yekunze SSD kana Thunderbolt RAID array inochengetedza zuva. Avo vanoda nyanzvi scalability vanogona kutarisa iSCSI kana Fiber Channel SAN mhinduro., yakajairika mumasitudiyo evhidhiyo kana maseva edatha.

Optical discs achiripo uye anogona kubatsira kutonhora kuchengetedza kana kugovera. CD rinochengeta 700 MB ine single spiral trackMaDVD anokwira kusvika ku17 GB achibatanidza mativi uye akaturikidzana, uye Blu-ray inopa 25 GB per layer, 50 GB yehuviri-layer, uye nezvimwe zvemazuva ano akawanda-layer masisitimu. Kana ukapisa madhisiki, achenese radially uye dzivisa makemikari ane hutsinye.

Interfaces uye nzira dzekufambisa dzinonzwika sedzinozivikanwa kwauri

IDE kana Parallel ATA yakashandisa tambo dzakafara uye PIO neDMA modes; UDMA yakaunza mareti kusvika ku133 MB/s kumashure muzuvaSATA yakasvika ne1.5, 3, uye 6 Gb/s; nhasi, PCIe neNVMe inosimudza bara kakawanda kumusoro. MuBIOS, LBA inotaura yakatsiva CHS kuti ikunde miganho yekutanga.

Kunyangwe iwe ikozvino wave kushanda neNVMe uye USB-C, Kuve nechirevo ichi kunokubatsira kuti uongorore, sarudza madhokisi, uye unzwisise kuti sei dzimwe nyaya dzichiganhurira kushanda kwemadhiraivha ekunze.

Mienzaniso uye mitsara: kuisa zvinotarisirwa

Paunenge uchizvitungamira iwe, funga maererano neGPU makirasi pane chaiwo mazita epalaptop. Iyo GTX 1060 kana 1660 Super inomiririra base playability pa1080p, iyo RTX 2060 kana 3060 inotobvumira RT ine tweaks; RTX 3080 kana 3080 Ti inobhururuka pa1440p, uye 3090 Ti chikara che4K uye kusikwa. Pa AMD, iyo RX 6500 XT inotangisa yakanaka, iyo 6700 XT uye 6800 XT inokwanisa kwazvo, uye iyo 6900/6950 XT inomaka sirin'i yechizvarwa chavo. Chinja iyo pfungwa kune mobile world zvinoenderana neakaenzana.

Mukati me ecosystem, usarerutsa software: Nvidia Studio kana AMD Adrenalin inoita mutsauko mukugadzikana, vatyairi, uye maturusi evagadziri.

Thermal, ruzha uye chassis dhizaini

Nesimba rakafanana, iro rinotonhodza zvakanakisa rinokunda. Heatsink ine rupo kupisa mapaipi uye maviri emhando mafeni anotsigira chaiyo turbo uye kwakanyarara. Customizable thermal profiles uye yakachena mweya inotora inowedzera hupenyu hwehurongwa. Iyo TDP iyo sisitimu inogona kuchengetedza inosiyanisa yechokwadi "Ultra."

BIOS, boot, uye zvikamu: zvinhu zvidiki zvinokosheswa

Iyo yakanaka firmware inobvumidza iwe kugonesa UEFI bhutsu, fan management, simba profiles, uye advanced NVMe rutsigiro. GPT partition tafura inodzivirira izvo zvinogumira zveiyo classic MBR uye bvumira mavhoriyamu makuru. Kana iwe ukatarisa madhisiki muLinux, iyo fdisk -l command inonyora zvikamu uye saizi pasina matambudziko.

Zviteshi zvekare uye zvinobatsira curiosities

Kana iwe uchibva kumakomputa ekare, unenge uchijairana nePS/2 yekhibhodi nembeva, serial uye parallel ports, AGP yemifananidzo pamberi pePCIe, uye kunyange floppy drivesInhoroondo ikozvino, asi kunzwisisa chinangwa chavo kunobatsira kuchengetedza kuenderana nemidziyo yechinyakare kuburikidza nemaadapter chaiwo.

Kurumidza kutarisa usati watenga

Saka hapana chaunopotsa, tarisa izvi: Kuyera pakati peGPU, CPU uye kuratidza, VRAM yakakwana yekugadzirisa yako, NVMe SSD seyekutanga drive, 16-32 GB dual-channel RAM, zviteshi zvemazuva ano, uye kutonhora kunofanana neTDP. Wedzera mubhatiri rakanaka kana uchifamba uye compact charger kana uri munzira.

• Yazvino yakatsaurirwa kadhi yemifananidzo ine 8GB yeVRAM kana kupfuura ye1440p uye ray tracing; DLSS kana FSR rutsigiro zvichienderana nerudzi.
• Mazuva ano akawanda-musimboti CPU, ane rupo cache, uye AVX mirairo; yakanyatsogadziriswa TDP uye kuparara kuchengetedza turbo.
• Dual-channel RAM, NVMe SSD yehurongwa nemapurojekiti; sarudzo yekuwedzera yechipiri SSD kana chassis ichibvumira.
• Ratidza rinoenderana nekushandisa kwako: yakakwirira resolution 1080p yemakwikwi kana yakakwirira resolution uye ruvara rwekugadzira; yemazuva ano USB-C, DP, uye HDMI ports.

Chero iwe paunoenzanisa "Ultra" laptops yaunoda, mubvunzo nezve yakaramba iripo yekupisa muganho uye mhando yeVRMs, nekuti ndipo panouya GPU neCPU kuita kwechokwadi, kana zvinongotaurwa. Uine zvinhu izvi mupfungwa, iwe unenge uine pfungwa yakajeka yezvekutarisa kupfuura mutengo uye maitiro ekutanga izvo zvinopa kukosha chaiko.