Chii chinonzi operating system?
Un sisitimu yekushandisa Iyo seti yesoftware inobata zviwanikwa zvehardware uye inobvumira kutaurirana pakati pemushandisi nekombuta. Icho chinhu chakakosha pakushanda kwechero mudziyo wemagetsi, sezvo uchiita semurevereri uye mutongi wezvese mashandiro anoitwa. Pasina sisitimu yekushandisa, vashandisi havangakwanise kuwana maficha uye mashandisirwo emidziyo yavo zvinobudirira.
Mabasa makuru ehurongwa hwekushandisa:
Sisitimu yekushandisa tiene diversas mabasa makuru iyo inobatsira pakuita kwayo kwakanaka uye kufambisa kudyidzana nehardware uye software. Pakati peanonyanya kucherechedzwa mabasa kutungamira kwehurongwa zviwanikwa, faira manejimendi, uye chirongwa chekuita. Imwe neimwe yeaya mabasa akakosha kuti ave nechokwadi chekushanda kwechishandiso uye kubvumira mushandisi kuita mabasa avo. zvinobudirira.
Sistimu zviwanikwa manejimendi:
Imwe yeanonyanya kukosha mabasa eiyo inoshanda sisitimu ndeye system resource management. Iri basa rinosanganisira kutonga nemazvo kushandiswa kwendangariro, processor, midziyo yekuchengetera, uye yekupinza uye yekubuda michina. Sisitimu yekushandisa inogovanisa zviwanikwa zviripo kuitira kuti chirongwa chega chega kana basa rifambe zvakanaka, kudzivirira kunetsana kana kuvharika.Pamusoro pezvo, ine basa rekutonga nekugadzirisa kuwanikwa kwezviwanikwa zvataurwa.
Gestión de archivos:
La kutarisira mafaira Ndiro rimwe remabasa akatanhamara ehurongwa hwekushandisa. Iri basa rinosanganisira kuronga nekudzora mafaera akachengetwa pamidziyo, achibvumira kuwana kwavo, kugadzirisa, kudzima uye kugadzira. Iyo sisitimu yekushandisa inotsanangura chimiro chemaforodha nemafaira, ichipa mushandisi nzira yakarongeka yekuchengeta nekuwana ruzivo rwavanoda. Uye zvakare, ine basa rekugadzira makopi ekuchengetedza uye kuvimbisa kutendeseka kweiyo data.
Kuitwa kwepurogiramu:
La ejecución de programas Iro basa rinokosha re masisitimu ekushanda. Iyo inobvumira mushandisi kuvhura maapplication, mhanyisa maitiro uye kutanga chaiwo mabasa.Iyo inoshanda sisitimu ine basa rekurodha mundangariro mafaera anodiwa pakuitwa kwechirongwa chega chega uye inovimbisa kushanda kwayo chaiko. Pamusoro pezvo, inobata kuwirirana kwemaitiro, kutonga kupinda kune processor uye nekugovera zvakaringana nguva yekushandisa pakati peakasiyana ekumhanya zvirongwa.
Mukupedzisa, sisitimu yekushandisa inhengo yakakosha mune chero mudziyo wemagetsi, sezvo ichibvumira kutaurirana uye kutonga, kwehardware nesoftware zviwanikwa. Mabasa ayo Mabasa makuru anosanganisira sisitimu yekushandisa manejimendi, faira maneja, uye chirongwa chekuita. Pasina inoshanda inoshanda sisitimu, kudyidzana pakati pemushandisi nemudziyo kungakanganiswa zvakanyanya.
1. Tsanangudzo yehurongwa hwekushandisa
Sisitimu yekushandisa ndiyo software inobvumira komputa kushanda uye kuronga mabasa ese uye zviitiko zvinoitwa pairi. Iyo ine basa rekutonga hardware uye software zviwanikwa zveiyo system, ichibvumira zvirongwa uye maapplication kuti afambe nemazvo. Pamusoro pezvo, inoshanda semurevereri pakati pemushandisi nehardware, ichifambisa kuwirirana uye nekupa chinongedzo kuitira kuti mushandisi ashandise komputa. nzira inoshanda.
Iyo inoshanda sisitimu ine basa rekutonga ndangariro, processor, yekupinza uye yekuburitsa zvishandiso, pamwe nemaapplication uye data rakachengetwa. Iyo ine zvakare basa rekudzora kupinda kune sisitimu, chengetedzo, kutanga uye kuvharika kweiyo system, pakati pemamwe mabasa akakosha ekushanda kwakaringana. yekombiyuta. Pasina sisitimu yekushandisa, komputa yaizoshaya basa sezvo isingakwanise kumhanyisa chero mhando yechirongwa kana kuita chero basa.
Iwo makuru mabasa eiyo inoshanda sisitimu anosanganisira manejimendi manejimendi, faira manejimendi, processor kuronga, maneja maneja, kuchengetedza system uye kuchengetedza, uye mushandisi interface. Imwe neimwe inoshanda sisitimu ine hunhu hwayo uye peculiarities, asi ivo vese vanogovana chinangwa chekuita komputa inobatsira uye inoshanda kune mushandisi.. Kune akasiyana marudzi eanoshanda masisitimu, akadai seWindows, macOS, Linux uye Android, imwe neimwe yakagadziridzwa kune akasiyana zvishandiso uye zvinodiwa nemushandisi.
2. Kuratidzwa kwe mabasa makuru echirongwa chekushandisa
Sisitimu yekushandisa isoftware inobvumira komputa kana mudziyo kutaurirana nekushanda nezvimwe zvirongwa uye maapplication. Ndiyo base software inodzora uye inogadzirisa zviwanikwa zvehurongwa, kutonga mabasa uye maitiro anodiwa pakushanda kwekombuta. Pamusoro pezvo, inopa graphical kana command-line interface kuti mushandisi adyidzane nehardware uye akasiyana akaiswa maapplication.
Iyo mabasa makuru ehurongwa hwekushandisa Zvinosanganisira system booting, Hardware resource manejimendi, chirongwa uye faira maneja, uye mashandiro emidziyo yekutenderera. System boot Ndiwo maitiro umo sisitimu yekushandisa inoiswa mundangariro yekombuta uye kuita kwayo kunotanga. The manejimendi yezviwanikwa inoreva nzira yekushandisa inogovera uye kutonga kushandiswa kwe processor, ndangariro, midziyo yekuchengetedza, uye zvimwe zviwanikwa zvehardware.
La chirongwa uye faira maneja Iri rimwe remabasa makuru eese system yekushandisa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutonga zvirongwa uye maapplication ari kushanda pane system, pamwe nekugadzirisa mafaera uye madhairekitori pakuchengetedza komputa. Pakupedzisira, the kushanda kwemidziyo yeperipheral Ndiyo imwe kiyi basa rekushandisa sisitimu. Iri ndiro basa rekudzora kuwana uye kushanda kwemidziyo yakadai semaprinta, scanner, kiyibhodhi, mbeva uye zvimwe zvinotenderedza zvakabatana nekombuta.
3. Kukosha kwehurongwa hwekushanda mukugadzirisa zviwanikwa
Un sisitimu yekushandisa Iyo software kana chirongwa chine basa rekutonga nekudzora hardware uye zviwanikwa zvekombuta. Izvo zvakakosha pakushanda kwechero mudziyo, sezvo uchiita semurevereri pakati pemushandisi nehardware. Pasina sisitimu yekushandisa, hazvingaite kumhanyisa chero basa kana chirongwa pakombuta, sezvo paizove pasina nzira yekudyidzana nehardware uye kubata zviwanikwa nemazvo.
La kukosha kweiyo inoshanda sisitimu Mukugadzirisa zviwanikwa zvakakosha kuvimbisa kushanda kwakaringana kwemidziyo yemakomputa. Rimwe remabasa makuru eiyo inoshanda sisitimu kutonga zviwanikwa zvehurongwa, senge ndangariro, processor, yekupinza uye yekuburitsa zvishandiso, pakati pezvimwe. Kuburikidza nekugovera zviwanikwa uye maitiro ekuronga maitiro, iyo inoshanda sisitimu ine basa rekugadzirisa kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa, kudzivirira kukakavara uye kuvimbisa kushanda kwakanaka.
Rimwe basa rakakosha reiyo inoshanda sisitimu mukutarisira zviwanikwa ndeye gestión del almacenamiento. Iyo inoshanda sisitimu ine basa rekuronga uye kutonga nzvimbo yekuchengetedza iripo pane mudziyo. dhiraivha yakaoma, kuona kuti mafaira nemapurogiramu anogona kuchengetwa uye kuwanikwa zvakakodzera. Uye zvakare, iyo inoshanda sisitimu zvakare inodzora faira kuwana mvumo uye inodzivirira kutendeseka kweruzivo.
4. Chengetedzo uye kuchengetedzwa muhurongwa hwekushandisa
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Mune sisitimu yekushandisa, chengetedzo nedziviriro zvinhu zvakakosha zvinovimbisa kuvanzika, kutendeseka uye kuwanikwa kwedata uye system zviwanikwa. Kuchengetedzwa zvinoreva dziviriro kubva kunjodzi dzekunze nedzemukati dzinogona kukanganisa kutendeseka kwehurongwa, senge mavhairasi, malware uye cyber kurwiswa. DziviriroKune chikamu chayo, inotarisa kudzivirira vashandisi kuita zviito zvinogona kukanganisa hurongwa.
Imwe yeanonyanya kukosha matanho ekuchengetedza mune inoshanda sisitimu ndeye control de acceso. Kuburikidza nekutonga kwekuwana, mazinga akasiyana emvumo anotangwa anodzikamisa kupinda kune system zviwanikwa zvichienderana nemabasa uye neropafadzo dzakapihwa vashandisi. Izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza ruzivo rwakavanzika uye kudzivirira vashandisi vasina mvumo kubva pakuita shanduko kuhurongwa.
Pamusoro pekutonga kwekuwana, masisitimu anoshanda anoshanda authentication protocols kuona kuti ndevapi vashandisi vasati vavabvumira kuwana sisitimu. Aya maprotocol anogona kusanganisira mapassword, authentication zvinhu zviviri kana kunyangwe biometrics. Nenzira iyi, inovimbiswa kuti vashandisi vane mvumo chete vanogona kuwana iyo system uye kuita zviito zvinokanganisa kushanda kwayo. Saizvozvowo, masisitimu anoshanda ane encryption michina kuchengetedza kuvanzika kwedata rakachengetwa, nokudaro kudzivirira kupinda kusina mvumo.
Mukupedzisa, chengetedzo nekudzivirirwa mune inoshanda sisitimu Izvo zvakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda chaiko kweiyo system uye kutendeseka kweiyo data. Kuburikidza nezviyero zvakaita sekutonga kwekuwana, maprotocol echokwadi uye encryption yedata, kutyisidzira kwekunze nemukati kunodzivirirwa, pamwe nezviito zvisina kufanira nevashandisi. Chete kuburikidza nenzira yakasimba yekuchengetedza inogona kuchengetedzwa sisitimu inovimbika uye yakadzivirirwa kubva mukushanduka-shanduka mumunda wecybersecurity.
5. Mhando dzakawanda dzemaitiro ekushanda
Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekushandisa masisitimu pamusika, imwe neimwe iine maitiro ayo akasiyana. Tevere, tichaona izvo zvakajairika uye mabasa avo makuru.
1. Mahwindo: Iyi sisitimu yekushandisa yakagadziridzwa neMicrosoft inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumakomputa emunhu uye malaptop. Yayo intuitive graphical interface, nyore kushandisa uye kuenderana neyakasiyana siyana yekushandisa inoita kuti ive sarudzo yakakurumbira pakati pevashandisi. Pamusoro pezvo, inopa yakagadzikana uye yakavimbika nzvimbo yebasa.
2. macOS: Yakagadzirwa neApple, iyo macOS inoshanda sisitimu inongori yemakomputa eMac.Iine inoyevedza uye inoyerera interface, iyi sisitimu inoratidzirwa nekuita kwayo kwepamusoro uye kuchengetedzeka. Pamusoro pezvo, inopa huwandu hwakawanda hwezvishandiso uye zvikumbiro zvakagadzirirwa zvakanangana nekugadzira uye nyanzvi vashandisi.
3. Linux: Iine yakavhurika sosi chimiro, iyo Linux inoshanda sisitimu yakawana mukurumbira mumakore achangopfuura. Kuchinjika kwayo uye kugadzirisa kunoita kuti ive sarudzo inoyevedza yevashandisi vepamberi uye vanogadzira. Linux inozivikanwawo nekugadzikana kwayo uye kuchengetedzeka, pamwe nenharaunda yayo huru yevashandisi vanopa tsigiro yenguva dzose nekuvandudza.
Muchidimbu, anonyanya kushandiswa masisitimu anosanganisira Windows, macOS, uye Linux. Imwe neimwe ine zvayakanakira uye maficha, asi zvose edza kupa intuitive uye yakachengeteka nharaunda yebasa yevashandisi. Pakusarudza sisitimu yekushandisa, zvakakosha kufunga nezvezvido zvemunhu uye zvaunofarira, pamwe nekuenderana nemashandisirwo uye zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa.
6. Zvinhu zvekufunga nezvazvo pakusarudza chirongwa chekushandisa
Sisitimu yekushandisa Iyo isoftware inotarisira kutonga zvese zviwanikwa uye maitiro ekombuta, ichibvumira vashandisi kudyidzana nemazvo nehardware. Pakusarudza sisitimu yekushandisa, pane akati wandei akakosha zvinhu zvekufunga anogona kukanganisa ruzivo rwemushandisi uye kushanda. yekombuta.
1. Hardware Kuenderana: Izvo zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti inoshanda sisitimu yaunosarudza inoenderana nehardware yekombuta yako. Kwete ese anoshanda masisitimu anoenderana nemidziyo yese uye madhiraivha. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuti utarise kana izvo zvemukati zvemukati senge processor, giraidhi kadhi, RAM uye peripherals, pamwe nemadhiraivha anodiwa, anoenderana neanoshanda sisitimu yaunoronga kushandisa.
2. Zviri nyore kushandisa: Chimwe chinhu chinokosha chokufunga nezvacho kusununguka kwekushandisa. yehurongwa hwekushanda. Mamwe masisitimu ekushandisa akagadzirwa kuti ave anonzwisisika uye ari nyore kudzidza, nepo mamwe angangoda mwero wepamusoro wekuziva uye ruzivo rwehunyanzvi. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti usarudze iyo inoshanda sisitimu inoenderana nehunyanzvi hwako uye zvaunoda, kuitira kuti iwe ugone kushandisa zvakanyanya zvese zviripo zviripo uye zvishandiso.
3. Chengetedzo uye kugadzikana: Chengetedzo uye kugadzikana zvinhu zvakakosha pakusarudza sisitimu yekushandisa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti sisitimu yekushandisa igare yakagadziridzwa uye zvigamba zvekuchengetedza kuchengetedza komputa yako kubva kune cyber kutyisidzirwa uye kusagadzikana. Saizvozvo, zvakakosha kufunga kugadzikana uye kuvimbika kweiyo sisitimu yekushandisa kudzivirira kukanganisa, kuparara kana kusingatarisirwe kutangazve kunogona kukanganisa basa rako kana zviitiko zvezuva nezuva.
7. Mazano anoshanda ekugadzirisa sisitimu yekushandisa
Kana tangonzwisisa kuti chii chinonzi system yekushandisa, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi kuti inoshanda nemazvo. Pazasi, tinokupa mamwe mazano anoshanda ekugadzirisa yako yekushandisa system:
1. Chengetedza sisitimu yako yekushandisa yakagadziridzwa: Operating system inogadziridza kazhinji inosanganisira kuvandudzwa kwekuchengetedza, gadziriso dzebug, uye shanduko yekuita. Zvakakosha kuchengetedza sisitimu yako yekushandisa yakagadziridzwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwakanaka uye kwakachengeteka. Tarisa nguva nenguva kune zvigadziriso zviripo uye ita shuwa yekuzviisa.
2. Sunungura nzvimbo pane hard drive yako: A full hard drive anogona kuita yako yekushandisa system kuti imhanye zvishoma nezvishoma. Sunungura nzvimbo nekudzima mafaera asina basa uye kusunungura zvirongwa zvausingachada. Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa sisitimu yekuchenesa maturusi kubvisa echinguva mafaera uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinotora zvisina basa nzvimbo.
3. Gadzirisa masisitimu ehurongwa: Kugadzirisa masisitimu ako ekushandisa kunogona kubatsira kuvandudza mashandiro ayo. Semuenzaniso, unogona kudzima mapurogiramu anomhanya pakutanga kuti akurumidze boot nguva. Izvo zvakare zvinokurudzirwa kukwirisa zvigadziriso zvemagetsi uye kugadzirisa sarudzo dzekuratidzira kuti uderedze mashandisiro ezviwanikwa.
Ini ndiri Sebastián Vidal, injiniya wekombuta anofarira nezve tekinoroji uye DIY. Uyezve, ndini musiki we tecnobits.com, kwandinogovera zvidzidzo kuti tekinoroji iwanikwe uye inonzwisisika kumunhu wese.