RAW Faira: Chii, Chii Chinoshandiswa Kwacho, uye Nguva Yaunofanirwa Kuishandisa

Kana iwe wakambofunga zvekupinda munyika yekutora mifananidzo yedhijitari kana kungopinda mukati mezvirongwa zvepamberi zvekamera yako, Pamwe wasangana nemukurumbira .RAW faira.. Kunyangwe zvingaite senge pfungwa yehunyanzvi yakachengeterwa vane ruzivo zvakanyanya, chokwadi ndechekuti kuziva Ndeipi iyi fomati uye nei ichigona kuita mutsauko mukuru? Iko kukanganiswa kwemhando yemifananidzo yako chinhu chiri mukati mekusvika kune chero amateur kana nyanzvi. Muchinyorwa chino, iwe uchaona pasina husina basa hunyanzvi. Zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve RAW mafaera, nei achikosheswa zvakanyanya, uye kana zvakakodzera kushanda nawo.

Nyika yekugadzirisa mafoto yachinja zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuuya kweRAW fomati. Nhasi, ese ari maviri ehunyanzvi makamera uye akawanda mafoni anobvumira kupfura mune iyi modhi. Zvisinei, Chii chinonzi RAW faira chaizvo? Iyo yakasiyana sei kubva kune yakakurumbira JPG?uye pamusoro pezvose, Ndezvipi zvakanakira uye zvakaipira kana zvasvika pakugadzirisa, kuchengetedza uye kugovera yako mafoto? Ramba uchienderera mberi nekuti uchawana mhinduro dzakajeka uye dzinoshanda pano, ungave uri munhu anofarira, mugadziri wezvemukati, kana nyanzvi iri kutsvaga kuwana zvakanyanya kubva kamera yako.

Chii chaizvo chinonzi RAW faira?

Izwi iri RAW inobva kuChirungu uye zvinoreva "mbishi". Nei zita iroro? Nokuti, chaizvoizvo, A RAW faira ikopi yakachena, isina kugadziridzwa yedhijitari yemufananidzo wakatorwa ne sensor yekamera.. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hapasisina mafirita, compression, kana otomatiki retouching: Zvaunoona muRAW ndizvo zvakanyorwa ne sensor, iine ruzivo rwese rwekutanga nezve ruvara, mwenje, musiyano uye nuance yese yechiitiko..

Vanhu vazhinji vanofananidza iyo RAW faira ne "digital negative" yenguva yeanalogi. Zvinoita sekunge, mushure mekupfura kwega kwega, sensor inokupa iyo isina kunaka unogona "kuzvizarura" sezvaunoda gare gareNenzira iyi, iwe unozochengeta data rese raunoda kuti usarudze kuti iwe unoda kuti mufananidzo wako wekupedzisira utaridzike sei, kusiyana neJPG, iyo inotoshandisa zvigadziriso uye kumanikidza, uye inorasa imwe data iyo paunochengeta mufananidzo.

Chaizvoizvo, RAW haisi chimiro chemufananidzo chagadzirira kudhindwa kana kushandiswa sezvazviri. Usati waishandisa, unozofanirwa kuigadzirisa uye kuishandura kuti ienderane nefomati seJPG kana TIFF. Asi ndiko chaiko uko chimwe chezvakanaka zvayo zvikuru: kuchinjika uye kutonga kwakakwana pakuonekwa kwekupedzisira kwemufananidzo.

Mamiriro makuru uye mabhenefiti eiyo RAW fomati

RAW yakawana mukurumbira wayo wakanaka pakati penyanzvi dzekutora mifananidzo uye maamateurs epamusoro nekuda kweakateedzana emhando dzakasiyana, ayo anoshandura mune zvinobatika zvakanakira pakugadzirisa uye kushambadza mifananidzo yako:

• Kuchengetedzwa kwakazara kwedata rekutanga: Nekusashandisa compression kana otomatiki retouching, hapana kana pixel imwe yeruzivo inorasika mukutora maitiro. Izvi zvinosanganisira akanakisa ruzivo, mimvuri, makwikwi, uye iyo yese ruvara renji sensor yako inokwanisa kutora.
• Kudzika kwemavara kwakakwira zvakanyanya: Nepo mafaera eJPG achichengeta ruzivo ne8 bits pachiteshi (RGB), mafaera eRAW anowanzo shanda negumi, 10, 12 kana kunyange 14 bits pachiteshi, izvo zvinoshandura ku. mabhiriyoni emavara nuances zvichienzaniswa nemamiriyoni mashoma kana mazana ezviuru zveJPG.
• Flexible uye isiri-inoparadza editing: Iwe unogona kuita gadziriso dzakawanda kuratidzwa, chena chiyero, musiyano, saturation, kana kurodza pasina kusvibisa mhando yemufananidzo, sezvo uchigona kugara uchidzokera kune yekutanga RAW faira wotanga patsva.
• Kubata zvirinani zvemisiyano yepamusoro: RAW's dynamic renji inobvumidza iwe kudzoreredza ruzivo mumimvuri yakadzika uye yakafuridzwa makwikwi, yakanakira nzvimbo kana yakaoma mamiriro ekuvhenekesa.
• Yakakwana yehunyanzvi uye yakakura fomati kudhinda: Kana iwe uchida kuprinda mafoto ako mumhando yepamusoro, RAW ndiyo fomati inovimbisa ruzivo rwakanyanya uye yakatsetseka yemavara gradations, pasina bhandi kana zvigadzirwa.

Kana uchinge wanzwisisa kugona kwayo, zviri pachena kuti RAW ndiyo inosarudzika sarudzo kana uchitsvaga yemhando yepamusoro, kuchinjika, uye kutonga mumashure-kugadzirwa. Inokodzera mapikicha, fashoni, zvisikwa, uye chigadzirwa mafoto, pamwe nedhijitari maartist uye vapepeti vanoda kuvimbika kwakanyanya uye rusununguko rwekugadzira.

Misiyano yakakosha pakati peRAW neJPG (nemamwe mafomati)

Wadii kushandisa JPG nguva dzose, kana iri nyore uye yakawanda? Mhinduro iri pakuti chimiro chega chega chinobata sei ruzivo. Iyo JPG faira ndeye yakamanikidzwa uye yakagadziriswa fomatiIyo kamera inoshandisa otomatiki zvigadziriso senge kurodza, kuderedza ruzha, musiyano, uye saturation, inorasa data inonzi "haifanirwe," uye inochengetedza mhedzisiro mune yakamanikidzwa vhezheni, yakagadzirira kuona, kugovera, kana kudhinda. Izvi zvinogadzirisa mafambiro ako, asi nemubhadharo we kurasikirwa nemhando, ruzivo uye post-editing mikana.

Kana iwe uchifara neiyo isina kupepetwa, off-the-sherufu mufananidzo, JPG inoshanda zvakanaka. Asi kana Kana iwe uchitsvaga yakanyanya kunaka, rusununguko uye "tenzi" faira ine data rese, RAW haina kukwikwidza..

RAW zvakare inomira kunze kubva kune mamwe mafomati akadai sePNG kana TIFF mune izvozvo haina kumanikidza kana kugadzirisa chifananidzo panguva yekutora, kuchengeta mashoko akawanda sezvinobvira. TIFF inogona kubata ruzivo rwakawanda, asi kazhinji yakakura, uye PNG yakagadzirirwa mifananidzo yakajeka, kwete nyanzvi yekutora mifananidzo.

Ko faira rePNG ringanzi RAW here? Mhinduro ndeyokuti kwete. Kunyangwe PNG inoshandisa kusarasikirwa kwekumanikidza, haichengetedze akawanda nuances uye mbishi chimiro seRAW mafaera.

Ndiani anoshandisa RAW fomati uye mune api mamiriro?

RAW, iyo pakutanga yaive yakasarudzika kumunda wehunyanzvi, Yave kuwanikwa kune chero mushandisi ari kutsvaga kuvandudza kunaka uye kutonga kwemifananidzo yavo.Iyo profiles uye mamiriro ayo anopenya zvakanyanya ndeaya:

• Vatori vemifananidzo vane hunyanzvi: Michato, fashoni, mifananidzo, zvisikwa, kushambadza, zvigadzirwa, uye ese minda uko mhando uye kugadzirisa kwakakosha.
• Vanofarira mafoto: Hobbyists vanoda kuyedza, kudzidza, uye kuwana zvakanyanya kubva kumakamera avo nehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa.
• Vagadziri, retouchers uye madhijitari maartist: Vanoda mafaera emhando yepamusoro sehwaro hwebasa rakaoma, kuumbwa, kana kubatanidzwa kwedhijitari.

Zvakanakira uye zvakaipira zveRAW mafaera uye nguva yekuasarudza

RAW ifomati ine simba kwazvo, asi haina matambudziko ayo. Kuziva zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira kunokubatsira kusarudza nguva yekuishandisa:

• Zvakanakira zvikuru:
  • Sevha ruzivo rwese rwakatorwa ne sensor pasina kurasikirwa neruzivo rwakakosha.
  • Inobvumira kusaparadza kurongedza, kugadzirisa kuratidzwa, ruvara, kupinza, kuderedza ruzha uye nezvimwe, pasina kukanganisa iyo yekutanga faira.
  • Inopa kudzika kwemavara makuru (kusvika ku16 bits / chiteshi), kuwana yakatsetseka gradations uye kubvisa posterization uye mavara mabhendi.
  • Yakanakira kununura mapikicha asina kuburitswa kana akafumurwa zvakanyanya, kudzoreredza maficha mumifananidzo uye mimvuri iyo yakaoma kugadzirisa muJPG.
• Zvakashata zvekufunga nezvazvo:
  • Iwo mafaera akakura zvakanyanya (pakati pe20 ne50 MB imwe neimwe), inoda yakakura kuchengetedza.
  • Dzinoda kugadziriswa dzisati dzagova kana kudhinda, sezvo dzisingaenderane nemidziyo yakawanda kana masocial network.

Maitiro ekushanda nema RAW mafaera

Kupfura muRAW kunoda kutevedzera mafambiro ebasa kuti utore mukana wemabhenefiti ayo. Iyo yakajairika sequence ndeiyi:

1. Isa kamera yako kuRAW: Mumenu yemhando yemufananidzo, sarudza RAW kana RAW + JPG, zvichienderana nezvaunoda.
2. Ronga mafoto pakombuta yako: Shandisa zvirongwa zvakaita seLightroom, Capture One, kana zvimwe kupinza uye kuisa mumapoka.
3. Inoburitsa uye kugadzirisa: RAW mafaera anoda chaiyo software kuti avhure uye agadzirise (Chiedza, Kamera Raw, Rima, RawTherapee). Pano iwe unogadzirisa kuratidzwa, ruvara, kupinza, nezvimwe.
4. Tumira kunze mune yakajairika fomati: Kana wapedza, tumira kunze kuJPG, TIFF, kana PNG kuitira kushandiswa kwekupedzisira.

RAW faira inoenderana, mazita, uye akasiyana

Iyo RAW fomati haina kusiyana; mugadziri wega wega ane vhezheni yake. Mimwe mienzaniso yakajairika ndeiyi:

• Canon: .CR2 y .CR3
• Nikon: .NEF
• Sony: .ARW

Kuita kuti kuenderana, Adobe yakagadzira iyo DNG ("digital negative") fomati, RAW yepasi rose inotsigira mafaira emhando dzakasiyana uye inobatsira kudzivisa kutarisa kwemangwana uye matambudziko ekuchengetedza kwenguva refu.

Rangarira kuti Havasi vese vanoona uye vapepeti vanotsigira ese maRAW mafomatiIzvo zvakakosha kushandisa software chaiyo kune yega yega kamera uye chinodiwa.

Zvirongwa zvekuvhura, kugadzirisa uye kugadzira mafaira eRAW

Kuti utore mafaera ako eRAW, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa yakasarudzika software. Sarudzo dzakakurumbira dzinosanganisira:

• Chiedza cheAdobe: Iine simba, inoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana, uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya, iine maficha uye manejimendi eraibhurari.
• Tora Rimwe: Yakanakisa mumhando yemhando uye ruzivo, kunyanya mu studio uye chigadzirwa mafoto.
• Kamera yeAdobe RAW: Photoshop plugin, yakanakira kugadzirisa uye kushanda pamwe chete nemifananidzo.

Mamiriro ehunyanzvi: saizi, kugadzirisa uye nzvimbo yemavara

RAW inoratidzwa ne:

• Mafaira akakura kudarika maJPGs: Pakati pe20 ne50 MB pamufananidzo, zvichienderana nekugadziriswa uye sensor.
• Kugadziriswa kwakanyanya: Inochengetedza megapixel mhando pasina kududzira kana kudzikisira.
• Nzvimbo yakakura yemavara: Inokutendera kuti usarudze nzvimbo dzakadai se sRGB, Adobe RGB kana ProPhoto RGB pakutumira kunze.
• Kudzika zvishoma: Kusvikira ku14-16 bits pachiteshi kune yakakura tonal renji uye yakanaka ruzivo.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti Mibairo iri nani mukudhinda, kugadzirisa, uye kuchengetedza kwenguva refu.

Rini uye nei uchifanira kusarudza RAW (uye riini JPG)

Neruzivo urwu rwese, sarudzo pakati peRAW neJPG ichaenderana nezvido zvako. Heano mamwe mazano:

• Enda kune RAW kana:
  • Unoronga kugadzirisa mafoto ako gare gare.
  • Unoda mhando yepamusoro yekutsikisa kana kutsikisa.
  • Chiitiko chacho chine musiyano wepamusoro kana chiedza chakaoma.
  • Iwe unoshanda pamapurojekiti anodiwa kana mapurojekiti ane hunyanzvi hwekufarira.
  • Iwe unoda kuchengeta "tenzi" faira rekugadzirisa ramangwana.
• Shandisa JPG kana:
  • Iwe uri kutsvaga kukurumidza uye nyore mukugovana.
  • Nzvimbo yekuchengetera ishoma.
  • Iwe haufanire kugadzirisa iwo mafoto kana kuti ndeezvekushamwaridzana media.
  • Iwe hauna software yepamusoro kana nguva yekugadzirisa mufananidzo wega wega.

Vazhinji vatori vemifananidzo vanopfura mu "RAW + JPG" kuva neshanduro mbiri uye sarudza kuti ndeipi yekushandisa pakupedzisira. Vamwe nharembozha dzemhando yepamusoro Ivo zvakare vanopa sarudzo yekupfura muRAW (kazhinji seDNG) kutora mukana wekugona kwavo kugadzirisa.

Kugumira, ngano uye mazano anoshanda

Ngano dzakatenderedza RAW dziriko, asi chokwadi ndechekuti:

• Haasi ese makamera anotendera kupfura muRAW: Midziyo yakawanda uye yakawanda inotsigira iyi sarudzo.
• Kupfura muRAW hakungogadziri mafoto "akanaka": Hunhu hwekupedzisira huchaenderanawo nekuumbwa, kutarisa uye kusika kwemutori wemifananidzo.
• Kufambiswa kwebasa kunonyanya kunetsa, asi mari yacho yakakosha kana iwe uchitsvaga mhedzisiro kana hunyanzvi.
• Gara uchigadzira makopi ekuchengetedza: RAW mafaera akakura uye akasiyana, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuachengeta munzvimbo dzinenge mbiri.
• Iva nemoyo murefu uye edza: Kudzidza kugadzirisa RAW kuchakubatsira iwe kunzwisisa zviri nani chiedza uye ruvara, uye kuvandudza yako pachako maitiro.

Nhasi, zvirongwa zvakaita seLightroom zvinokutendera kuti ushandise otomatiki uye batch zvigadziriso, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kubata hombe yemafaira eRAW. Kune anokurumidza kana akawanda-mafoto mabasa, JPG kana RAW + JPG modhi inogona kunge iri nyore.Zvisinei, kune Kune mabasa anoda yakanyanya kunaka uye kugadzirisa, RAW ichava shamwari yako yepamoyo..

Kukudziridza kukoshesa iyo RAW fomati zvinoreva kutora nhanho kumberi mukushanduka kwako semutori wemifananidzo kana musiki, sezvo ichichengetedza zvese zvese uye ichikubvumidza iwe kuumba chifananidzo kune chako chimiro. Kujairana nemafambiro ekushanda kwayo, mabhenefiti, uye mamiriro ekushandisa zvinotungamira kune yakawanda kugadzira, nyanzvi, uye yakasarudzika mhedzisiro, ingave iwe uchida kutora yakakosha nguva mumhando yepamusoro kana kuratidza basa rako mugalari.