Maitiro ekushandura Raspberry Pi kuita NAS sevha yepamba

Iwe unoda kuve netiweki yekuchengetedza server pasina kushandisa mari yakawanda here? La Raspberry Pi ndeimwe yezvakanakisa sarudzo. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwayo uye mukana wekubatanidza ekunze hard drive, unogona Shandura Raspberry Pi kuita sevha yeNAS yakagadzirwa kumba. Zviri nyore kumisikidza uye nekushomeka kwesimba rekushandisa. 

Nepo zvekutengesa NAS zvishandiso zvinopa epamberi maficha kunze kwebhokisi, ivo vanowanzouya nemutengo wakakwira. Nekudaro, neRaspberry Pi unogona kuwana mibairo yakafanana nekudyara kushoma. Munyaya ino tichakutsanangurira Ndezvipi zvinhu zvaunoda uye software ipi yaungashandisa kuzviita nenzira iri nyore uye inoshanda.

Sei uchishandisa Raspberry Pi seNAS?

NAS maseva (Network Yakabatanidzwa Kuchengeta) zvishandiso zvakagadzirirwa kupa network chengetedzo iyo inogona kuwanikwa kubva kune akasiyana maturusi mukati meiyo yemuno network kana kunyange kubva mugore. Kushandisa Raspberry Pi seNAS kunopa akati wandei mabhenefiti:

• Iri sarudzo ine mari yakawanda: A Raspberry Pi inodhura zvishoma pane yekutengesa NAS.
• Inopa kushandiswa kwesimba kushoma: Nekushandisa mashoma watts, inogona kupihwa simba 24/7 pasina kuwedzera zvakanyanya bhiri rako remagetsi.
• Iyo yakanyanya customizable: Iwe unogona kuisa akasiyana ekuwedzera maapplication uye masevhisi zvinoenderana nezvaunoda.
• Inobvumira kuwanikwa kure: Kuzvigadzirisa nemazvo zvinokutendera kuti uwane mafaera kubva kupi zvako.

Nekudaro, kana uchishandura Raspberry Pi kuita sevha yeNAS, unofanirwa kuyeuka zvimwe zvipimo. Iyo Raspberry Pi haina simba rakafanana rekugadzirisa senyanzvi NAS uye yayo network yekubatanidza Inogona kunge iri bhodhoro kana ukasashandisa modhi ine Gigabit Ethernet port. Pamusoro pezvo, kana iwe uchida huwandu hwakakura hwekuchengetedza, unozofanirwa kushandisa ekunze USB hard drive.

Munyaya ino unogona kuverenga zvakawanda pamusoro chii chinonzi NAS server kuti unzwisise zviri nani maitiro ayo.

Zvinhu zvinodiwa

Usati watanga kushandura Raspberry Pi kuita sevha yeNAS, ita shuwa kuti une zvinotevera zvikamu:

• Una Raspberry Pi 4 o Raspberry Pi 5 (4GB kana 8GB RAM shanduro inokurudzirwa).
• Una microSD kadhi yeinenge 8 GB kwatinozoisa sisitimu yekushandisa.
• Power adapta inoenderana neiyo Raspberry Pi.
• Un usb yekunze hard drive kana mapenivha epamusoro-soro ekuchengetedza mafaira.
• Un ethernet network tambo (sarudzo, asi inokurudzirwa zvakanyanya kuti iwedzere kugadzikana).
• PC ine Windows, macOS, kana Linux kuita gadziriro yekutanga.

Kuisa iyo inoshanda sisitimu paRaspberry Pi

Kana izvo zvinodikanwa zvasimbiswa, tinogona kutanga maitiro ekushandura Raspberry Pi kuita sevha yeNAS. Chinhu chekutanga kuita kuisa a lightweight operating system paRaspberry Pi. Sarudzo yakanakisa yeprojekiti iyi ndeye Raspberry Pi OS Lite. Sezvo iyi OS isingabatanidzi graphical nharaunda, kuita kunogadziriswa. Aya ndiwo matanho ekutevera:

1 Step: Dhawunirodha uye isa Raspberry Pi Mufananidzo, chishandiso chepamutemo chinokubvumidza kuti uvheneke sisitimu yekushandisa kune microSD kadhi.

2 Step: Isa iyo microSD muPC yako uye vhura Raspberry Pi Imager. Sarudza Raspberry Pi OS Lite (64-bit kana Pi yako ichitsigira) uye sarudza memori kadhi sekwaunoenda.

3 Step: Usati warekodha mufananidzo, pinda sarudzo dzepamberi uye gadzirisa:

• Zita rekutambira reRaspberry Pi (semuenzaniso, raspberrypi.local).
• Zita rekushandisa uye password.
• Wi-Fi yekubatanidza (kana iwe usingashandisi Ethernet).
• Bvisa SSH yekubatanidza kure.

4 Step: Ratidza mufananidzo uye, kana maitiro apera, isa iyo microSD kadhi muRaspberry Pi uye ibatisise.

Sezvo isu takagonesa SSH muzvirongwa, isu tinokwanisa kubata iyo Raspberry Pi pasina kubatana chekutarisa uye keyboard. Kubva kuWindows, shandisa putty; Pane macOS neLinux, ingovhura iyo terminal uye nyora:

ssh mushandisi@raspberry_ip

Pinda pasiwedhi uye iwe unozopinzwa mukati kuti utange kuseta.

Gadzira kunze hard drive

Imwe nhanho inodiwa yekushandura Raspberry Pi kuita sevha yeNAS yekumba ndeyekuisa USB hard drive seyo yekutanga NAS yekuchengetera uye nekuipa mvumo yakakodzera.

Kutanga iwe unofanirwa kutarisa kuti nderipi zita iro system yakapa kune diski nemurairo unotevera:

lsblk

Kana dhisiki isina kuumbwa, unogona kuigadzira ext4 na:

sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1

Wobva waisa dhisiki kune dhairekitori rinowanikwa:

sudo mkdir /mnt/nas
sudo gomo /dev/sda1 /mnt/nas

Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti dhisiki inongoiswa otomatiki pane system reboot, gadzirisa iyo faira / etc / fstab na:

sudo nano / etc / fstab

Uye wedzera mutsara unotevera kumagumo:

/dev/sda1 /mnt/nas ext4 defaults 0 2

Isa uye gadzirisa Samba

Kugovera mafaera pane network, isu tichaisa Samba, software inogonesa kutaurirana pakati peWindows neLinux masisitimu.

sudo apt update && sudo apt kuisa -y samba

Zvino gadzirisa faira yako yekumisikidza:

sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf

Wedzera kumagumo:

[NAS]
nzira = /mnt/nas
zvinonyorwa = hongu
gadzira mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
public = kwete

Sevha shanduko uye wotangazve sevhisi:

sudo systemctl restart smbd

Svika iyo NAS kubva kuWindows kana macOS

Mushure mekushandura Raspberry Pi kuita sevha yeNAS, hezvino zvaunofanira kuita kuti uwane mafaera akagovaniswa:

• Pamawindo Vhura File Explorer uye nyora mubhadha rekero: \\ raspberry_ip\NAS
• On macOS, vhura Finder wodzvanya Cmd + K, wobva wanyora: smb://raspberry_ip/NAS

Pakupedzisira, isa zita rekushandisa uye password yawakagadzira kare uye uchakwanisa kubata mafaera kubva kune chero komputa.

Sezvataona muchinyorwa chino, nekunyatsotevera matanho, zvinokwanisika kushandura Raspberry Pi kuita sevha yeNAS yekumba. A mhinduro inofadza kuchengeta uye kugovera mafaira pasina kushandisa mari yakawanda.