Maitiro ekuona kutadza kweSSD nemirairo yeSMART yepamusoro

Kana iwe uine hanya nezve hutano hwekuchengetedza kwako, iwe uri munzvimbo chaiyo: ne SMART tekinoroji Iwe unogona kutarisira yakaoma SSD uye HDD kutadza uye chengetedza data rako nenguva. Nyaya ino inotsanangura. Maitiro ekuona zvikanganiso muSSD yako uchishandisa SMART mirairo.

Kunze kwekungoda kuziva, kutarisa mamiriro e disc chinhu chakakosha vimbisa kuwanikwa kweruzivo uye kuronga kugona uye kuita. Iyo hard drive inotadza kusingatarisire inogona kukanganisa masevhisi, kukanganisa mukurumbira wako, uye kukudyira mari. Uye nepo SSD isingaite ruzha rwakanyanya seHDD, zviratidzo zvayo zviripo: kumhanya kunodonha, zvikanganiso zvekutaipa kana kurasikirwa nedata nekuda kwekupfeka kwesero.

Chii chinonzi SMART uye chii chinogona (uye chisingagone) kuita

SMART ichidimbu che Kuzvitarisisa, Kuongorora uye Kuzivisa TekinorojiNhevedzano yemaitiro muiyo firmware inotarisisa yemukati dhisiki zvinosiyana uye inopa yambiro kana vaona njodzi yekutadza. Chinangwa chavo chakajeka: kukupa nguva yekudzosera data rako uye kutsiva dhiraivha njodzi isati yarova.

Kuti uishandise, zvinodikanwa kuti mamaboard (BIOS/UEFI) uye dhiraivha pachayo inotsigira uye ine SMART inogoneswa. Nhasi zvave kuita zvepasirese muSATA, SAS, SCSI uye NVMe, uye masisitimu emazuva ano anoshanda nawo pasina matambudziko.

Iyo parameter yainoyera inosanganisira zvese: tembiricha, zvikamu zvakagoverwa, CRC zvikanganisoInjini inotenderera nguva, isingagadziriswe kuverenga/kunyora zvikanganiso, yakamirira chikamu kuverenga, tsvaga kumhanya, uye akawanda hunhu. Mugadziri wega wega anotsanangura uye anomisa matafura ayo, ane zvikumbaridzo uye zvinogamuchirika kukosha.

Zvakakosha: SMART haiite mashiripiti. Inongokuyambira. fungidziro dzekukundikana (kupfeka, kufambira mberi kwemakina matambudziko, kuparara kweNAND blocks). Hazvigoni kutarisira zviitiko zvakangoerekana zvaitika zvakadai sekuwedzera kwemagetsi kana kukuvara kwemagetsi kamwe kamwe. Zvidzidzo zvakaita seizvo zveGoogle neBackblaze zvinoratidza kuti mamwe maficha anobatsira, asi Havana kuvhara 100% yekukundikana.

Linux: smartmontools, mirairo yakakosha uye bvunzo

MuLinux, iyo smartmontools package inosanganisira zvikamu zviviri: smartctl (console chishandiso chemibvunzo uye bvunzo) uye smartd (dhimoni rinotarisa uye kunyevera kuburikidza nesyslog kana email). Iyo yemahara uye inoenderana nayo SATA, SCSI, SAS uye NVMe.

Kuisa (semuenzaniso Debian / Ubuntu): sudo apt install smartmontoolsMune kumwe kugoverwa, inoshandisa maneja anoenderana; kuwanikwa muLinux neBSD kwakapararira uye Hazvifaniri kukukonzera matambudziko..

Kutanga tsvaga mayunitsi. Unogona kunyora magungano ne df -h kana kuziva dhisiki uye partitions nawo sudo fdisk -lRangarira: smartctl inoshanda pachigadzirwa, kwete pachikamu; ndiko kuti, on /dev/sdX kana /dev/nvmeXnY.

Yakakosha mirairo ine smartctl ye tanga kushanda ne SMART pane chaiyo disk:

• Tarisa SMART rutsigiro uye chimiro: sudo smartctl -i /dev/sda
• Activate SMART Kana yakaremara: sudo smartctl -s on /dev/sda
• Ona zvese hunhu uye matanda: sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda
• Pfupi kuzviongorora (nekukurumidza): sudo smartctl -t short /dev/sda
• Kuzviedza kwenguva refu (zvakakwana): sudo smartctl -t long /dev/sda
• Health Summary: sudo smartctl -H /dev/sda

Ronga bvunzo pfupi svondo rega rega uye bvunzo refu mwedzi wega wega necron to kuderedza kukanganisa uye kuve nenhoroondo dataMhanyai miedzo mumangwanani-ngwanani kana panguva dzemutoro wakaderera; panguva refu bvunzo iwe uchaona yakawedzera latency uye kudonha muIOPS.

Magungano ekutumidza mudziyo muLinux

Zvichienderana nemutongi uye interface, iwe uchaona nzira dzakasiyana. Mimwe mienzaniso yakajairika yekuziva madhiraivha uye controller: / dev/sd, /dev/nvmen, /dev/sg*Kuwedzera kune dzakananga nzira pa3ware kana HP controllers (cciss/hpsa), kunzwisisa iyo chaiyo nzira inodzivirira. ongorora mudziyo usiriwo.

Yakajairika zvikanganiso uye matanda (ATA/SCSI/NVMe)

SMART inochengeta matanda ezvikanganiso zvichangoburwa uye inoaratidza mune decoded fomu. ATA Iwe uchaona zvikanganiso zvishanu zvekupedzisira zvine mastatus nemakodhi; mu SCSI Verenga, nyora, uye ongororo yekutadza zviverengero zvakanyorwa; mu NVMe Error logi entries anodhindwa (nekusagadzikana iyo 16 ichangoburwa).

Zvidimburiso zvakajairika mune zvinobuda muzvikanganiso (zvinobatsira kukurumidza kuongororwa): ABRT, AMNF, CCTO, EOM, ICRC, IDNF, MC, MCR, NM, TK0NF, UNC, WPKana vakaonekwa kakawanda, pane a dambudziko remuviri kana rekubatanidza kuongorora.

Izvo zvakakoshawo kuona hunhu hwakakosha neID, iyo inowanzoenderana nekutadza kuri pedyo: 05, 10, 183, 184, 188, 196, 197, 198, 201, 230Kuwedzera kwakasimba mune chero ipi zvayo chiratidzo chakaipa.

SMART hunhu: maitiro ekuaverenga uye ndeapi ekuteerera

Mapurogiramu anoratidza imwe neimwe parameter ine akati wandei minda. Kazhinji inosanganisira Identifier (1-250), Threshold, Value, Yakaipisisa, uye Raw Data, kuwedzera kune mireza (ingave yakakosha, nhamba, nezvimwewo). Iyo yakajairika kukosha inotanga kumusoro uye inoderera nekushandiswaKupfuura pachikumbaridzo kunokonzeresa yambiro.

Pakati peanonyanya kubatsira maitiro ekuona kupfeka kana kukuvara, tarisa: Relocated_Sector_Ct (zvikamu zvakagoverwa), Current_Pending_Sector (isina kugadzikana yakamirira zvikamu), Offline_Haina kurongeka (zvikanganiso pasina gadziriso isina Indaneti), Relocated_Event_Count (reassignment zviitiko) uye, paHDD, Spin_Retry_Count (injini inotanga kuedza zvakare). Izvi zvinoshanda pane SSDs. Wear Leveling Count y Chirongwa/Kudzima Kukundikana.

Iyo tembiricha inopokana, asi kuchengetedza iyo unit pazasi 60 ° C Izvi zvinoderedza mukana wekukanganisa. Tarisa chassis airflow uye, kana zvichidikanwa, wedzera NVMe heatsinks kune M.2 madhiraivha. dzivisa kubvongodza uye kuora mwoyo.

Windows: WMIC, PowerShell uye CHKDSK

Kuti utarise nekukurumidza paWindows masisitimu iwe unogona kushandisa iyo classic console nayo WMIC kana PowerShell, pasina kuisa chero chinhu chekuwedzera, uye wobva wawedzera nekuwedzera SMART chishandiso kana zvichidikanwa.

Ne Command Prompt semutungamiri, mhanya: wmic diskdrive get model, statusKana ikadzoka zvakanaka, chimiro che SMART chakarurama; kana uchiona Pred FailPane zvakakosha parameters uye zvine basa Ita kopi uye funga nezvekutsiva..

MuPowerShell, tanga semutongi uye tanga: Get-PhysicalDisk | Select-Object MediaType, Size, SerialNumber, HealthStatus. Munda Mamiriro ehutano inokuratidza Hutano, Yambiro kana Husina Hutano, inobatsira kuona matambudziko nekungotarisa.

Kuti utarise uye kugadzirisa zvine musoro faira system zvikanganiso, shandisa CHKDSK. Mhanya unotevera kuraira mukoni ine ropafadzo dzakakwirira: chkdsk C: /f /r /x kugadzirisa zvikanganiso, kutsvaga zvikamu zvakaipa, uye disassemble drive kana zvichidikanwa; kana uchida gwara rekuti Gadzirisa Windows mushure mehutachiona hwakakombaZvitarise izvozvi. MuNTFS, unogona kushandisa chkdsk /scan yekuongorora online.

macOS: Disk Utility uye Terminal

PaMac, une nzira mbiri dzakareruka. Kune rimwe divi, Disk Utility (Zvishandiso> Zvishandiso): Sarudza dhiraivha yemuviri uye wodzvanya Rubatsiro rwekutanga kugadzirisa faira system; uyezve, iwe uchaona iyo SMART chimiro sekuti Verified or Failing.

Kana uchida Terminal, mhanya diskutil info /Volumes/NombreDeTuDisco uye tsvaga mutsara we SMART Status. Kana Verified yakanyorwa, fema; asi, nekukurumidza backup uye funga kuita shanduko.

Linux yekuwedzera: dmesg, /sys uye GUI ine GSmartControl

Pamusoro pe smartctl, zvinobatsira kutarisa kernel log kune chero anotevera: I/O kukanganisa kana kutonga nguva. Sefa yekukurumidza ingave: dmesg | grep -i erroruye anoizadzisa nemashoko akadai failed o timeout.

Kuti uwane ruzivo rwekutanga mudziyo unogona kuverenga nzira dzehurongwa senge /sys/block/sdX/device/model kana nhamba dze /sys/block/sdX/statInobatsira paunoda simbisa chiitiko uye modhi pasina zvishandiso zvekunze.

Kana iwe uchida graphical interface, isa GSmartControl (Semuyenzaniso: sudo apt install -y gsmartcontrol) uye imhanye nekodzero dzemutungamiri. Zvinokutendera kuti udaro Wona hunhu, mhanyisa mapfupi / marefu bvunzo, uye mishumo yekutumira kunze nekaviri kudzvanya.

Zvinokurudzirwa zvechitatu-bato maturusi

Kuti upfuure izvo zvekutanga paunoona zvikanganiso muSSD yako nemirairo yeSMART, une zvimwe zvinonyanya kufarirwa zvinoshandiswa:

• CrystalDiskInfo (Windows) yakasununguka, yakajeka uye inoenderana nemukati uye kunze SATA uye NVMe; inoratidza SMART hunhu, tembiricha uye maawa ekushandisa.
• HD tune Inowedzera mamepu echikamu uye kumhanya bvunzo (ine yakabhadharwa vhezheni).
• Yakaoma Dhisiki Sentinel Inotarisa pakuenderera mberi kwekutarisa, chenjedzo yepamusoro uye mishumo; vhezheni yayo yemahara ishoma asi ine simba kwazvo pakududzira SMART.
• GSmartControl Iyo yemahara uye inobvumidza iwe kumhanyisa bvunzo uye kuona hunhu neiyo graphical interface.

Zviratidzo zvekuti SSD yako kana HDD iri pamakumbo ayo ekupedzisira

Nyora zviratidzo zvinowanzoitika: Kunonoka kutanga, kuvharika kusingatarisirwe, zvidzitiro zvebhuruu zverufu (BSoD kana kernel panic)Mafaira asingazovhurike kana kushatiswa, kusakwanisa kuisa kana kugadzirisa, uye anotyaira izvo kunyangarika kubva kuhurongwa kana BIOS/UEFI.

PaHDDs, mechanical ruzha (kudzvanya, squeaks, buzzing) chiratidzo chakaipa. PaSSD, tsvaga zvikanganiso zvekunyora. kukanganisa pakukwidza mavhoriyamu uye kuwedzera kwezvikamu zvakagoverwa zvakare kana kuverengera kuderera. Kana matambudziko ari pakati nepakati, usave nehanya: Ita kopi ikozvino.

Kutenga smart: chii chekutarisa kana uchisarudza zvinyorwa zvitsva

Inokoshesa mhando dzine mukurumbira wakanaka (Seagate, WD, Toshiba, Samsung), iyo tipo de unidad (SSD yekumhanya, HDD yehuwandu), interface (SATA, NVMe muM.2/PCIe), cache, uye kupisa kupisa. simba Zvinokurudzirwa kuwedzeredza zvishoma pamusoro pezvaunoda chaizvo.

Tarisa iyo yakaziviswa kugara kwenguva refu (TBW paSSD, waranti, MTBF nekuchenjerera), iyo Zvinotarisirwa kushandiswa (NAS modhi dzinowanzoita uye kubata RAID zvirinani) uye bhajeti: dzimwe nguva kubhadhara zvishoma kunopa iwe rugare rwepfungwa uye upenyu hunobatsira.

Zvikanganiso zve SMART: mamiriro uye zvidzidzo

SMART inobatsira asi isina kukwana: iripo kusawirirana pakati pevagadziri Mune tsananguro uye zvimisikidzo, humwe hunhu hwakakosha kwazvo (kupihwazve, kumirira, kusarongeka), nepo vamwe vachipa zvishoma. Backblaze inonongedza izvozvo chete chitsama chehunhu Inopindirana zvakanaka nekutadza, uye Google yakaratidza nyaya dze kukundikana pasina chiziviso chekutanga.

Izvi zvinorevei? Zvinoreva kuti SMART inobatsira kutarisira matambudziko mazhinji, asi zano rako rinofanira kusanganiswa kutarisa, redundancy (RAID), backups uye kupora. Usangovimba nerobhoti regirini.

Kana chishandiso kana system ichishuma Yambiro/Kufanofungidzira Kukundikana/Kusagadzikana1) Kopa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira ikozvino, 2) Gadzirisa neimwe yekushandisa kusimbisa, 3) Rongedza iyo pakarepo kutsivaMushure mekuita shanduko, tarisa iyo RAID kana zvichidikanwa kudzivirira njodzi dzekuvaka patsva.

Kuomerera kune zvakakosha kunobatsira: SMART inokuyambira nezve mazhinji ematambudziko ari kuuya.Asi havasi vose; iyo yakangwara nzira yekushanda ndeyekuisanganisa neyakarongwa bvunzo, yakanaka backups, uye yakajeka yekutsiva mutemo kana zvakakosha zviratidzo zvinotanga kufamba.