pinocytosis Inzira yakakosha mukudya kunovaka muviri, kuburikidza neiyo masero anobatanidza zvinwiwa uye zvimedu zvinonyungudika zviripo munzvimbo yavo. Chiitiko ichi, chinonziwo fluid endocytosis, chinoratidzwa senzira yakanyatsogadziriswa inobvumira masero kuwana kudya uye kuita mabasa anokosha kuti vararame. Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora zvakadzama maitiro ekudyisa sero nepinocytosis, tichiongorora maitiro ayo makuru uye nzira dzekutonga.
Nhanganyaya kune cell feeding pinocytosis
Pinocytosis inzira yakakosha mukudya kweserura, iyo inobvumira maseru kuwana chikafu uye zvinhu zvinodiwa pakushanda kwavo. Iyi fomu ye endocytosis ine kupindira kwesero membrane kugadzira mavhesi anotora mvura uye yakanyungudika zvidimbu zviripo muextracellular medium.
Munguva yepinocytosis, membrane yeplasma inopeta musero, ichiita saga diki kana vesicle inonzi endosome. Iyi endosome inofamba mukati me cytoplasm uye fuses ne lysosomes, ari organelles ane ma enzymes ekudya. Aya ma enzymes anoburitswa mukati me endosome anoshatisa zvimedu zvakabatwa, zvichiburitsa chikafu chinodiwa kushandiswa kwemasero.
Pinocytosis inzira inosiyana-siyana yekudyisa maseru uye inoshandiswa mumamiriro akasiyana ezvipenyu. Semuenzaniso, immune system maseru anoshandisa pinocytosis kubata uye kuputsa mabhakitiriya uye zvimedu zvekunze, zvichibatsira kuchengetedza hutano hwemuviri. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe masero akasarudzika, akadai seaya anowanikwa muepithelia anotenderera ura, anoshandisa nzira iyi kutora zvinovaka muviri, zvakaita seshuga, amino acids uye lipids, zviripo mumukati memukati.
Tsanangudzo uye basa repinocytosis mukudya kwemasero
Pinocytosis inzira yakakosha mukudyisa kweserura inobvumira kutorwa kwezvimedu zvemvura kana mamorekuru madiki akanyungudika kubva kune extracellular nharaunda. Ndiyo nzira yakakosha yemasero, sezvo ichivapa chikafu chinodiwa kuti vaite mabasa ayo metabolic. Kuburikidza nepinocytosis, masero anogona kutora zvinhu zvakaita seamino acids, glucose, mavhitaminzi akakosha nemamineral.
Iri basa remaserura rinoitwa kuburikidza nekuumbwa kwemavhesi anonzi endosomes kana pinocytic vacuoles. Aya ma vesicles, ane membrane inoumbwa ne phospholipids, anobva kune invaginations mu plasma membrane. Kana angoumbwa, mavhesi anopinda muchitokisi, achizobatana ne lysosomes, organelles ane ma enzymes ekugaya. Iko kusanganiswa pakati pepinocytic vesicles uye lysosomes inobvumira kuderedzwa uye kunotevera kushandiswa kwemakomisheni akabatwa.
Muchidimbu, pinocytosis inzira yekudyisa masero inoita basa rakakosha mukutorwa kwezvikafu. Nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwepinocytic vesicles, masero anogona kutora zvinhu zvemvura uye mamorekuru madiki akanyungudika kubva kune extracellular medium. Kuburikidza nekusanganiswa ne lysosomes, kushatisa uye kushandiswa kwezvakabatwa zvinovaka muviri zvinoitika, nekudaro kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakanaka uye kuchengetedza kwesero.
Nzira uye matanho epinocytosis mumamiriro ekudyisa masero
Pinocytosis inonzi endocytosis mechanism inobvumira kutorwa kwezvinwiwa uye mamorekuru madiki anonyungudika nesero. Kuita uku kwakakosha mukudya kweserura, nekuti kuburikidza nepinocytosis masero anogona kuwana chikafu uye zvinhu zvinodikanwa pakushanda kwavo kwakanaka.
Pinocytosis inoitika mumatanho akati wandei, ayo anoti:
- Kuumbwa kwepinocytosis vesicle: Panguva ino, membrane yeplasma yesero inoputika kuita mavesicles anotora extracellular fluid.
- Kusanganiswa kwemavesicles ane endosomes ekutanga: Pinocytosis vesicles inosanganiswa ne endosomes ekutanga, ane ma enzymes ekugaya uye mapuroteni anodiwa pakugadzirisa zvinhu zvakatorwa.
- Kusanganiswa kwekutanga endosomes neanonoka endosomes: Maendosome ekutanga anobatana neanonoka endosomes, uko kumwe kugayiwa kwemamorekuru ekutora kunoitika uye zvinhu zvinogayiwa zvakapatsanurwa kubva kune zvisingagadzike.
Muchidimbu, pinocytosis inzira yakakosha mukudya kweserura, sezvo ichibvumira kutora kwezvinovaka muviri uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinodiwa pakushanda kwakanaka kwemaseru. Kuburikidza nematanho akasiyana, maseru anogona kutora zvinwiwa uye mamorekuru anonyungudika, oagadzira, uye ozvishandisa kune simba uye zvimwe zvinangwa zvemetabolism.
Mhando dzemamorekuru uye zvimedu zvinotorwa nepinocytosis
Pinocytosis inzira ye endocytosis umo sero rinotora mamorekuru uye zvimedu zvakanyungudika munzvimbo yayo yekunze. Kuburikidza nemhando iyi yekunyura, sero rinogona kuwana chikafu uye kugadzirisa nharaunda yaro yemukati. Kune marudzi akasiyana emamorekuru uye zvimedu zvinotorwa kuburikidza nepinocytosis, zvimwe zvacho zvinosanganisira:
- Mapuroteni uye amino acids: Masero anogona kutora marudzi akasiyana emapuroteni kuburikidza nepinocytosis. Izvi zvinogona kuva mapuroteni anonyungudika mumvura kana mapuroteni anosungirirwa kune mamwe mamorekuru.
- Mafuta: Lipids, senge fatty acids uye steroid hormones, inogonawo kutorwa nesero kuburikidza nepinocytosis. Aya lipids anoita mabasa akasiyana mumuviri uye anodiwa kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwesero membranes.
- Munyu wemineral: Mineral munyu, senge calcium, sodium uye potassium, yakakosha pakushanda kwakanaka kwemasero. Pinocytosis inogona kushandiswa kutora aya mamineral salt kubva kune extracellular nharaunda.
Kunze kweaya mamorekuru, pinocytosis inogona zvakare kubvumidza kutorwa kwezvikamu zvakaita seextracellular vesicles, mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi uye chepfu. Izvi zvimedu zvinozivikanwa uye zvakakomberedzwa nesero membrane, zvichigadzira vesicles anonzi pinosomes anozotakurwa achiendeswa musero kuti agadziriswe.
Muchidimbu, pinocytosis ndiyo nzira yakakosha yekutora chikafu uye kudzora kwemukati meserura nharaunda. Kuburikidza nemhando iyi yekunyudza, maseru anogona kutora akasiyana akasiyana mamorekuru uye zvimedu, zvinosanganisira mapuroteni, lipids, mineral munyu, extracellular vesicles, mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi, uye chepfu.
Kukosha kwepinocytosis mukuwana chikafu nemasero
Pinocytosis inzira yakakosha yekuti masero awane chikafu chakakosha pakushanda kwawo nemazvo. Iyi fomu ye endocytosis inobvumira maseru kuti atore mamorekuru madiki akanyungudika muextracellular medium, senge maion, amino acids uye shuga, kuburikidza nekuumbwa kwemavesicles anonzi pinosomes. Kunyangwe huwandu hwekudya hunowanikwa kuburikidza nepinocytosis hwakaderera kana huchienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzekufambisa, kukosha kwayo kuri mukugona kwayo kutora huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvinodikanwa kune cellular metabolism.
Imwe yemabhenefiti epinocytosis ndeyekuchinjika kwayo kuchinjika kune akasiyana mamiriro uye shanduko mune nharaunda. Masero anogona kuita izvi nguva nenguva, achibvumira kutorwa kwechikafu munguva yekuwanda kana kushomeka kwekudya. Uyezve, pinocytosis haina kukanganiswa nekusangana kwezvikafu mukati, sezvo inogona kutora mamorekuru kunyangwe pakadzika. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mumamiriro ekushomeka uko maseru anofanirwa kushandisa zvakanyanya chero chikafu chiripo.
Pinocytosis inoitawo basa rakakosha mukudzora mvura uye electrolyte chiyero mumuviri. Kuburikidza nekutora kweextracellular fluid, maseru anogona kuchengetedza homeostasis uye kudzivirira osmotic kusaenzana. Uku simba rekutonga kwakakosha pakurarama kwesero uye kushanda chaiko kwematishu uye nhengo. Muchidimbu, pinocytosis haina kukosha chete pakuwana zvinovaka muviri, asiwo pakugadzirisa kwemaitiro akakosha emuviri mumuviri.
Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kushanda uye kudzora kwepinocytosis mukudyisa sero
Pinocytosis inzira yakakosha yekupona kwesero, sezvo ichibvumira kutorwa kwezvikafu uye akakosha mamorekuru kubva kune extracellular nharaunda. Nekudaro, kushanda kwayo uye kudzora kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana zvinogona kukanganisa kushanda kwayo kwakaringana. Pazasi pane mamwe makuru:
- Particle size: Kushanda kwepinocytosis kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nehukuru hwezvikamu zvichatorwa. Kazhinji, kubudirira kukuru kunoonekwa mukutorwa kwezvikamu zviduku zvichienzaniswa nehombe.
- Nutrient concentration: Kuwanda kwezvikafu muextracellular medium kunogona kukanganisa kushanda kwepinocytosis. Kuwanda kwezvikafu zvinovaka muviri kunogona kukurudzira kubatwa kwesero, nepo kudzikisira kwakadzika kunogona kuderedza kushanda kwemaitiro.
- Kuvapo kwemainhibitors: Mamwe makemikari emakemikari anogona kuita se inhibitors yepinocytosis, achideredza kushanda kwayo. Semuyenzaniso, mimwe mishonga inogona kuvharidzira sero kubata nzira uye kukanganisa kugona kwayo kuwana chikafu kuburikidza nepinocytosis.
Pamusoro pezvinhu izvi, pinocytosis inodzorwawo neiyo intracellular nzira inodzora activation yayo uye deactivation. Aya maitiro anosanganisira kubatanidzwa kwemapuroteni akasiyana uye cellular signing. Muchidimbu, kugona uye kurongeka kwepinocytosis mukudyisa masero kunokonzerwa nezvose zvekunze uye zvemukati zvinhu, izvo zvinoita kuti kubatwa kwakaringana kwezvikafu uye mamorekuru akakosha pakushanda kweserura.
Zvishandiso uye biological kukosha kwepinocytosis mumaserura akasiyana masisitimu
Pinocytosis chinhu chakakosha biological process inoitika mumasisitimu akasiyana nharembozha. Iyi fomu ye endocytosis inobvumira maseru kuti atore zvinwiwa uye zvakanyungudika zvimedu kubva kune extracellular nharaunda, kufambisa kutora chikafu, kubviswa kwemarara, uye membrane kuvandudzwa.
Mumunda wemishonga, pinocytosis inoita basa rakakodzera mukutakura zvinodhaka uye nemishonga chaiyo kunanga maseru. Nekugadzirisa nanoparticles ane biocompatible mamorekuru, zvinokwanisika kuwana hunyanzvi mukuunza uye bioavailability yemishonga mukurapwa kwezvirwere zvakaita segomarara kana genetic kusagadzikana.
Uyezve, pinocytosis inobata basa rakakosha mukutorwa kwechikafu mudumbu diki. Maseru epithelial anotevedza ura anoita pinocytosis kutora mamorekuru zvekudya uye kufambisa kubatwa kwayo kuburikidza nemukati membrane. Iyi nzira yakakosha kuchengetedza hutano hwakakwana mumuviri uye kukurudzira kushanda kwakakodzera kwegadziriro yekugaya.
Inoshanda uye tekinoroji kufunga kwechidzidzo chekudyisa cellular nepinocytosis
Pinocytosis muitiro wakakosha mukudya kweserura unosanganisira kutora uye kutorwa kwezvinwiwa uye mamorekuru anonyungudika mukati mesero membrane. Kuti udzidze chiitiko ichi nemazvo, zvakakosha kuti titarise zvimwe zvinoshanda uye tekinoroji zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro inowanikwa. Pazasi pane zvimwe zvakakosha zvekufungisisa:
- Kusarudzwa kwemasero akakodzera: Usati waita pinocytosis kuyedza, zvakakosha kuti usarudze mutsara wesero unozivikanwa kuratidza mwero wepamusoro wepinocytosis chiitiko. Masero anonyanya kushandiswa ezvidzidzo izvi masero epithelial, akadai seHeLa masero. Aya masero ari nyore kutsika uye anochengetedza inoshanda pinocytosis kugona.
- Kusarudza mamakisi akakodzera: Kuziva uye kuverengera pinocytosis, zvinodikanwa kushandisa chaiwo mamaki anobvumira izvo zvakanyudzwa zvinhu kuti zvisiyaniswe kubva kune cellular zvimiro. Fluorescent marker, senge pinocytosis fluid yakanyorwa nedhayi yefluorescent, inogona kubatsira zvakanyanya sezvo ichibvumira mapinocytosis vesicles kuti atariswe uye aonekwe panguva yekuita.
- Kudzora kwemamiriro ekuedzwa: Izvo zvakakosha kuchengetedza nguva dzose uye inodzorwa yekuyedza mamiriro panguva yekudzidza kwepinocytosis. Izvi zvinosanganisira tembiricha, pH, fluid concentration, uye incubation nguva. Chero kusiyana kwemamiriro ezvinhu aya kunogona kukanganisa migumisiro uye kududzirwa kwe data yakawanikwa.
Kubata iyo inoshanda uye tekinoroji kufunga kwakakosha pakudzidza cellular pinocytosis kunobvumira kuwana yakavimbika uye inobereka mhedzisiro. Uyezve, kufunga uku kunopa hwaro hwakasimba hwekutsvagisa ramangwana mumunda wekudya kunovaka muviri uye zvazvinoreva pane cellular physiology. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti chidzidzo chega chega chingada kugadziridzwa kwakananga zvichienderana nerudzi rwesero uye zvinangwa zvekutsvagisa, asi idzi misimboti huru dzichabatsira kumisa hwaro hwekubudirira kudzidza kwepinocytosis mumamiriro ekudyisa masero.
Matambudziko ane chekuita nekushandurwa kana kusashanda kwepinocytosis mumamiriro ekudyisa masero
Pinocytosis inzira yakakosha mukudya kweserura inobvumira kutorwa kwezvinwiwa uye zvimedu zvinonyungudika kuburikidza nekuumbwa kwemavesicles. Nekudaro, shanduko kana kusashanda kwayo kunogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko akakosha muchitokisi. Chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvikuru zvine chekuita neshanduko iyi kushaikwa kwekudya kwakakosha kwekushanda kwakanaka kwesero. Pasina inokwana pinocytosis maitiro, sero haringakwanise kubata uye kutora chikafu chinodiwa kuti chirarame uye kukura.
Rimwe dambudziko rine chekuita nekukanganiswa kwepinocytosis kuunganidzwa kwemarara uye chepfu muchitokisi. Kana pinocytosis isingashande nemazvo, sero harizokwanisi kubvisa tsvina uye zvinhu zvine chepfu munzvimbo yaro. Iyi tsvina inogona kuunganidza mukati mesero, iyo inokanganisa kushanda kwayo uye inogona kutungamirira pakuonekwa kwezvirwere.
Uyezve, kukanganisa kwepinocytosis kunogona kukanganisa kutaurirana kwesero-kune-sero. Iyi nzira yakakosha pakufambiswa kwezviratidzo uye kubatana pakati pemasero akasiyana etishu kana nhengo. Kana pinocytosis ikashandurwa, sero haizokwanisi kugamuchira zviratidzo zvakakwana kubva kune zvakatipoteredza, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kusaenzana uye kusagadzikana mumuviri.
Hukama pakati pepinocytosis nedzimwe nzira dzekutakura chikafu mumasero
Kune nzira dzakasiyana dzekutakura chikafu mumaseru, uye pinocytosis imwe yacho. Kunyangwe kuve neakasiyana maitiro, hukama pakati pepinocytosis nedzimwe nzira idzi hwakakosha zvakanyanya pakushanda kwakaringana kweserura.
Kutanga, pinocytosis inogovera zvakafanana ne-receptor-mediated endocytosis, sezvo ese ari maviri anosanganisira kuumbwa kwemavhesi kubva musero membrane. Nekudaro, kusiyana ne-receptor-mediated endocytosis, pinocytosis haidi chaiyo membrane receptors ye particle internalization. Hukama uhwu hunotibvumira kuti tinzwisise kuwirirana pakati penzira mbiri idzi, sezvo receptor-mediated endocytosis ine basa rekutora chaiwo mamorekuru nepo pinocytosis ichinyanya kuwanda munzira yekutora zvidimbu.
Mukuwedzera, pinocytosis inobatanawo neinonzi exocytosis, apo masero anobudisa zvinhu mukati me extracellular medium. Kunyange zvazvo zvingaita sezvinopesana, pinocytosis inobata basa rinokosha mukugadzirisa exocytosis. Munguva yepinocytosis, ma vesicles akabatwa anogona kuendeswa kunzira dzekudzokorora kana kune intracellular storage compartments, senge lysosomes. Zvadaro, makamuri aya anogona kusanganisa nesero membrane kuburitsa zviri mukati mayo kune extracellular medium kuburikidza ne exocytosis.
Kukosha kwekudya kwakaringana kukwirisa pinocytosis mumaseru
Kudya kwakaringana kunoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa pinocytosis mumaseru. Pinocytosis ndiyo nzira iyo masero anotora zvinwiwa uye mamorekuru anonyungudika munzvimbo yavo. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakanaka kwechiitiko ichi, zvakakosha kupa muviri muviri wakakwana.
Kudya kweprotein kwakakosha kune pinocytosis. Mapuroteni chikamu che membrane receptors inobvumira kucherechedzwa uye kunotevera kuiswa mukati kwemamorekuru anodiwa nemasero pakushanda kwawo. Nekusanganisira huwandu hwakakwana hweprotein mukudya kwedu kwezuva nezuva, tinoona kuumbwa kwakakwana uye kushanda kweaya ma receptors, nekudaro optimize pinocytosis.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha mukudya kwakaringana kukwirisa pinocytosis kudyiwa kwemavhitamini nemamineral. Izvi zvinovaka muviri zvakakosha pakushanda kwakaringana kwema enzymes uye macofactors anobatanidzwa mukuita kwekutorwa kwemasero uye mukati. Mavhitamini akadai sevhitamini C uye E, pamwe chete nemaminerari akaita sezingi nesimbi, anoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza pinocytosis inoshanda. Kuve nechokwadi chekuti isu tinosanganisira izvi zvinovaka muviri mukudya kwedu kwemazuva ese kwakakosha kusimudzira kugona kwemasero kuita pinocytosis zvakakwana.
Zvinokurudzira zvekuvandudza uye kudzora kwepinocytosis mukudya kwemasero
Optimization yekudya kunovaka muviri: Kuvandudza uye kudzora pinocytosis mukudyisa masero, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chehuwandu hwakakwana hwezvikafu mune extracellular medium. Kuti uite izvi, zvinokurudzirwa kuita nguva nenguva kuongororwa kwemazinga ezvokudya (zvakadai seglucose, amino acids, mavitamini, nezvimwewo) zviripo mumutauro wetsika, uye kugadzirisa mafungiro avo zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemasero. Kuchengetedza huwandu hwakakwana hwezvikafu zvinosimudzira kushanda zvakanaka mupinocytosis maitiro, zvichibvumira kudya kwakawanda kunovaka muviri uye zvirinani metabolic kushanda.
Kukurudzira kwekuita kwema receptor: Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chekuvandudza pinocytosis mukudyisa masero ndeyekukurudzira kuita kwema receptors aripo mu cell membrane. Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa uchishandisa chaiwo ligands anosunga kune aya ma receptors uye kumisa basa ravo. Mimwe mienzaniso yemagandi anogona kushandiswa anosanganisira kukura zvinhu, mahormone, uye mamwe peptides. Nekuwedzera basa remareceptors, kuumbwa kwekupinda mu membrane yeplasma kunofarirwa, izvo zvinofambisa kupinda kwemamorekuru ekunze mukati memukati mesero kuburikidza nekuita kwepinocytosis.
Kudzora endocytosis nzira: Pinocytosis ingori imwe yemaitiro endocytosis anogona kuitika mumaseru. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kune mamwe marudzi maviri endocytosis, phagocytosis uye receptor-mediated internalization. Kugadzirisa nekuvandudza pinocytosis mumasero ekudya, zvinokurudzirwa kunyatso kudzora endocytosis nzira dziripo. Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa nekusarudzika kurambidza maitiro asingadiwe uye kutyaira pinocytosis senzira huru yekupinda kwekudya. Iko kushandiswa kweakananga inhibitors uye genetic manipulation inogona kubatsira nzira dzekuzadzisa kutonga uku uye kunyatso gadzirisa pinocytosis mukudyisa sero.
Maonero emangwana uye kufambira mberi kwesainzi mukunzwisisa kudya kwesero nepinocytosis
Munguva yemolecular biology uye genetics, kufambira mberi kwesainzi kwakatibvumira kupinda munyika inonakidza yekudyiswa kwemaserura nepinocytosis. Sezvo tsvakurudzo dzakawanda dziri kuitwa pamusoro peiyi nzira, tarisiro inovimbisa yeramangwana iri kubuda uye zviwanwa zviri kuitwa zvinojekesa kuoma kwaro.
Chimwe chezvakakosha mukudzidza kwekudyiswa kwemasero nepinocytosis ndiko kucherechedzwa kwemaitiro akasiyana anotonga maitiro aya. Izvo zvakaonekwa kuti kune akawanda mapuroteni akakosha anobatanidzwa mukuumbwa kwe endocytic vesicles, senge clathrin uye caveolae, iyo inoita basa rakakosha mukuiswa mukati mekudya uye mamwe mamorekuru. Sezvo kuzivikanwa uye hunhu hwemapuroteni aya hunowedzera, musuwo unovhurika kune nzira nyowani dzekurapa dzekurapa zvirwere zvine chekuita nekuperevedza kwekudya kweserura.
Kumwe kufambira mberi kwakakosha ndeye kuongororwa kwezvikamu zve endocytic vesicles uye kudyidzana kwavo nemaseru anogamuchira. Kuburikidza nepamusoro-resolution maikorosikopu matekinoroji uye kuitwa kwemaitiro makuru ekutevedzana, zvave zvichibvira kuona akasiyana lipids nemapuroteni aripo mune aya vesicles, pamwe chete nemasaini nzira dzinogadzirisa fusion yavo ne cytoplasm yesero. Izvi zvakawanikwa zvinotitendera kuti tinzwisise zvirinani nzira dzemetabolism uye kusaina macascades anodzora kudya kwesero nepinocytosis, kuvhura mikana mitsva yekuvandudzwa kweanonangwa uye emunhu kurapwa.
Mibvunzo neMhinduro
Mubvunzo: Chii chinonzi kudyisa sero pinocytosis?
A: Kudyisa sero pinocytosis inzira ye endocytosis iyo masero anobatanidza mamorekuru madiki akanyungudika mu extracellular fluid.
Mubvunzo: Chii chinonzi pinocytosis?
A: Mupinocytosis, sero rinogadzira kupinda mukati meplasma membrane, richigadzira mavhesi anonzi pinosomes. Aya mavhesi anovhara uye anobvisa kubva mu membrane, achitora mvura uye yakanyungudika mamorekuru nawo.
Mubvunzo: Pinocytosis inoshandiswa riini?
A: Pinocytosis inoshandiswa kutora uye kutora zvinovaka muviri, zvakadai seamino acids, shuga uye lipids, zviripo munzvimbo ye extracellular. Inoshandiswawo kubvisa zvinoraswa uye kugadzirisa kemikari yenzvimbo ye cellular.
Mubvunzo: Ndezvipi zvikamu zvepinocytosis?
A: Pinocytosis ine matanho makuru matatu: kupinda mukati meplasma membrane, kuumbwa kwepinocytosis vesicle, uye mukati phagocytosis.
Mubvunzo: Ndeapi marudzi epinocytosis aripo?
A: Mhando mbiri dzepinocytosis dzinozivikanwa: macropinocytosis uye receptor-mediated pinocytosis. Mune macropinocytosis, sero rinoputira mavhoriyamu makuru emvura uye zvimedu, nepo receptor-mediated pinocytosis inobvumira kutora kwakasarudzika kwemamorekuru anosunga kune zvinogamuchirwa pa membrane.
Mubvunzo: Ko pinocytosis yakasiyana sei ne phagocytosis?
A: Pinocytosis inosiyana nephagocytosis muhukuru hwezvikamu zvakatorwa uye mumagadziro ekusarudza kubatwa. Nepo phagocytosis ichibatanidza zvimedu zvakakura uye zvichibva pakusungirirwa chaiko kwemamorekuru, pinocytosis inotarisa kutorwa kwezvinwiwa uye mamorekuru akanyungudika.
Mubvunzo: Ndezvipi zvinokonzerwa nekliniki yepinocytosis?
A: Pinocytosis inoita basa rakakosha mukutorwa kwechikafu nemishonga, saka kusarongeka mukuita uku kunogona kukanganisa kudya kweserura uye kutakura zvinodhaka. Mukuwedzera, inogona kunge yakabatanidzwa muzvirwere zvine chokuita nekuparadzirwa kusina kujairika kwemapuroteni mumuviri.
Mubvunzo: Pane mitemo yepinocytosis nesero here?
A: Hongu, pinocytosis inogona kudzorwa kuburikidza nekuvapo uye kuita kwemapuroteni akasiyana uye intracellular signing factor. Aya maitiro ekutonga anovimbisa chiyero chakaringana mukutora nekuburitswa kwemvura nemamorekuru nesero.
Mhedziso
Muchidimbu, pinocytosis inzira yakakosha yekudyisa masero, umo masero anomedza zvinhu zvemvura kana zvidimbu zvidiki zviripo munzvimbo yavo. Kuburikidza nekuumbwa kwemavesicles, sero rinokwanisa kutora uye kutakura zvinhu izvi mu cytoplasm yayo yekuzotevera kugadzirisa. Iyi endocytosis mashandiro aripo mumaseru akasiyana uye matishu, achiita basa rakakosha mumabasa akadai sekudya, kusadzivirirwa uye kubvisa tsvina. Kunyangwe pinocytosis ichiri kumutsa mibvunzo yakawanda nematambudziko ekutsvagisa kwesainzi, kuenderera mberi kwekudzidza kuchatitendera kuti tinzwisise zviri nani physiology yemaseru uye kuvhura mikova mitsva mukuvandudza marapirwo nekurapa. Nokudaro, kudya kwemasero kuburikidza nepinocytosis kunotorwa sechiitiko chehukuru hukuru uye kuoma kunzwisisa, izvo zvinoramba zvichifadza masayendisiti uye kutishamisa nekushanda kunoshamisa kwehupenyu pamwero we microscopic.
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