API: Chii uye kuti ndechei

APIs (Application Programming Interface) yave chinhu chakakosha kubvumira kutaurirana kwemvura pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvesoftware. Aya maturusi ane simba anoita sebhiriji rinobatanidza zvikumbiro, masisitimu uye dhatabhesi, zvichibvumira kuchinjana kwakanaka kweruzivo uye kushanda.

APIs ndiwo magiya asingaoneki izvo zvinoita kuti mashiripiti ehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano agoneke. Fungidzira kwechinguva iyo mamiriro ekunze ari pafoni yako. Pese paunotarisa mamiriro ekunze, iyo app inotaurirana nemeteorological Institute's software system kuburikidza neAPIs, ichiwana iyo ichangoburwa uye chaiyo data kuti ikuratidze kwauri ipapo. Uyu ungori mumwe muenzaniso wekuti maAPI fambisa kubatanidzwa uye kufamba kwemashoko pakati pezvirongwa zvakasiyana.

Chii chinonzi API?

Asi izwi rekuti API rinomborevei? Aya mapfupi anomiririra "Application Programming Interface." Pano, izwi rekuti "application" rinoreva chero software ine basa chairo. Iyo interface inoshanda sea chibvumirano chebasa pakati pezvikumbiro zviviri, zvichitsanangura kuti vanofanira kutaurirana sei vachishandisa zvikumbiro nemhinduro. Zvinyorwa zveA API zvinopa ruzivo rwakadzama rwemagadzirirwo anofanirwa kuitwa nevagadziri ava.

Iyo API architecture

Kuti unzwisise zviri nani mashandiro anoita APIs, zvinobatsira kuziva mavakirwo awo. Kazhinji, inotsanangurwa maererano ne mutengi uye sevha. Iyo application inotumira chikumbiro inonzi mutengi, nepo iyo inopa mhinduro ichizivikanwa sevhavha. Mumuenzaniso wemamiriro ekunze eapp, dhatabhesi yenzvimbo iyi iseva uye nharembozha ndiyo mutengi.

Kune marudzi akasiyana eAPI zvichienderana nekuvaka kwavo uye nguva yekusika:

• Purogiramu inonzi SIPO: Ivo vanoshandisa iyo yakapusa chinhu kuwana protocol uye kuchinjana kwemameseji kunoitwa uchishandisa XML.
• Purogiramu inonzi RPC: Kubva pane kure kure maitiro ekufona, uko mutengi anopedzisa basa pane server uye anogamuchira mhedzisiro.
• Purogiramu inonzi WebSocket: Vanobvumira bidirectional kutaurirana pakati pemutengi uye server vachishandisa JSON zvinhu kutumira data.
• REST API: Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa uye inochinjika pane yazvino webhu, uko mutengi anotumira zvikumbiro kune server uye anogamuchira data mukupindura.

Kunyura mukati REST APIs

REST (Representational State Transfer) APIs dzave iyo de facto chiyero mukuvandudzwa kwewebhu kwazvino. Izvo zvinobva pane seti yemabasa akadai Tora, Isa, Bvisa, iyo vatengi vanoshandisa kuwana data kubva kuseva pamusoro peHTTP protocol. Chinhu chakakosha cheREST APIs ndezvavo kusavapo kwenyika, zvichireva kuti maseva haachengete data yemutengi pakati pezvikumbiro.

Izvo REST APIs inopa

REST APIs inopa akati wandei akakosha mabhenefiti:

1. Kubatanidzwa: Vanobvumira zvikumbiro zvitsva kuti zvibatanidzwe nehurongwa huripo zvinobudirira, zvichitora mukana wekodhi iripo.
2. Unyanzvi hutsva: Ivo vanofambisa kukurumidza kutumira kwehunyanzvi masevhisi nekubvumira API shanduko pasina kunyorazve kodhi yese.
3. Kuwedzera: Vanopa makambani mukana wekusangana nezvinodiwa nevatengi pamapuratifomu akasiyana kuburikidza nekuwana mukati medhatabhesi.
4. Kugadzirisa kuri nyore: Vanoita segedhi pakati pezvirongwa, kudzivirira kuchinja kwemukati kubva pakukanganisa zvimwe zvikamu.

Mhando dze API zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwekushandisa

Pamusoro pezvivakwa, APIs zvakare yakakamurwa zvinoenderana nehukuru hwekushandisa:

• Private APIs: Yekushandiswa kwemukati mukambani yekubatanidza masisitimu uye data.
• Public APIs: Vhura kune veruzhinji, vangangoda mvumo uye vane mari yakabatana.
• Partner API: Inowanikwa chete kune vane mvumo yechitatu-bato vanogadzira mubhizinesi-kune-bhizinesi kudyidzana.
• Composite APIs: Ivo vanosanganisa akasiyana maAPI kugadzirisa yakaoma system zvinodiwa kana maitiro.

Kukosha uye basa remagumo mumaAPI

Iwo maAPI ekubatanidza mapoinzi ndiwo nzvimbo dzakatarwa kubva kune ruzivo rwunotumirwa nekugamuchirwa pakati pehurongwa. Izvo zvakakosha kumakambani nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri zvikuru:

1. Kuchengetedzwa: Endpoints inogona kuve panjodzi yekurwiswa, saka kuvatarisa kwakakosha.
2. Kushanda: High-traffic endpoints inogona kugadzira mabhodhoro uye kukanganisa maitiro ehurongwa.

Chengetedzo yeREST APIs: Kusimbisa Tokens uye API Keys

Chengetedzo chinhu chakakosha pakushandisa maAPI. Nzira mbiri dzakajairika kuchengetedza REST APIs ndeidzi:

1. Zviratidzo zvekusimbisa: Ivo vanosimbisa kuzivikanwa kwevashandisi uye kodzero yavo yekuwana yekufona kuAPI.
2. Makiyi eAPI: Ivo vanocherekedza iyo application inoita kufona uye mvumo yayo, ichibvumira kutariswa kwekushandiswa kweAPI.

Maitiro ekugadzira API: kuronga, kusimudzira uye zvinyorwa

Kugadzira yemhando yepamusoro API inoda kutevedzera zvine hungwaru maitiro:

1. API kuronga: Tsanangura zvakatemwa uye makesi ekushandisa anotevera zviyero zvazvino zvekusimudzira.
2. Kugadzira API: Gadzira prototypes uchishandisa reusable kodhi uye gadzirisa iwo zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa.
3. API Test: Ita bvunzo dzakakura kuti udzivise zvikanganiso uye uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza.
4. Magwaro eAPI: Ipa yakajeka uye yakazara nhungamiro yekufambisa kushandiswa kwayo uye kutorwa.
5. API Marketing: Shambadzira iyo API mumisika ine hunyanzvi kuti uite mari uye usvike kune vanogadzira.

API Kuedzwa: Gadzirisa Kuita uye Chengetedzo

API kuyedzwa kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakanaka uye kuchengetedzeka. Mamwe mazano anosanganisira:

• Ita zvikumbiro zvakawanda kune endpoints kuti uongorore iyo mashandiro.
• Nyora mayunitsi bvunzo kuti uone bhizinesi pfungwa uye kurongeka kwekushanda.
• Simulate system kurwisa kuti uedze iyo kuchengetedzeka.

Maitiro ekunyora anoshanda API zvinyorwa

Zvinyorwa zvakajeka uye zvakakwana zvakakosha kufambisa kushandiswa uye kugamuchirwa kweAPI. Mamwe maitiro anokurudzirwa ndeaya:

• Shandisa mutauro uri nyore uye zviri nyore kunzwisisa.
• Isawo mienzaniso yekodhi kuratidza kushanda.
• Chengetedza magwaro zvemazuva ano uye zvakarurama.
• Tungamira maitiro ekunyora ku vanotanga.
• Fukidza zvose matambudziko anogona kugadziriswa neAPI yevashandisi.

API: matanho ekutanga

Kutanga kushandisa API nyowani, tevera matanho aya:

1. Tora imwe Kiyi yeAPI kugadzira account yakasimbiswa nemupi.
2. Gadzirisa a HTTP API mutengi kugadzira zvikumbiro zviri nyore.
3. Kana iwe usina API mutengi, edza kuronga chikumbiro iwe pachako mubrowser yako nekutevera iyo magwaro.
4. Paunenge uchinge wajaira iyo API syntax, tanga kuishandisa mune yako kodhi.

Tsvaga maAPI matsva: mawebhusaiti akasarudzika uye madhairekitori

Pane akati wandei online zviwanikwa zvekutsvaga maAPI matsva:

• API Inokurumidza: Iyo yakakura yepasirese API webhusaiti ine anopfuura zviuru gumi eruzhinji maAPIs uye miriyoni imwe inoshanda vagadziri.
• MaAPI eVeruzhinji: Mapoka ari kure APIs mu40 niche zvikamu zvekutsvaga nyore.
• APIForThat y APIList: Rondedzero yeanopfuura mazana mashanu ewebhu API ane ruzivo rwakadzama nezve mashandisiro awo.

API Magedhi: Kubudirira Kutungamira kune Enterprise Vatengi

API magedhi maturusi ekutarisira evatengi vemabhizinesi anoshandisa akasiyana siyana ebackend masevhisi. Ivo vane basa rekuita mabasa akajairika akadai se:

• Kusimbiswa kwemushandisi
• Chizvarwa che nhamba
• Rate administration inoshandiswa kune API mafoni

GraphQL: Mutauro Wemubvunzo weFlexible uye Anoshanda APIs

GraphQL mutauro wemubvunzo wakagadzirirwa chaizvo maAPI. Inotarisa pakupa vatengi neiyo chaiyo data yavanokumbira, kugadzira maAPI nekukurumidza, kuchinjika, uye nyore kugadzira. NeGraphQL, vagadziri vepamberi vanogona kubvunza akawanda dhatabhesi, microservices, uye APIs ine imwechete yekupedzisira.

Masevhisi akadai se Kubatanidza App yeAWS Ivo vanorerutsa GraphQL API budiriro nekuchengetedza zvakachengeteka kubatanidza kune data masosi uye kutumira chaiyo-nguva zvigadziriso kumamirioni evatengi.

APIs ndiwo musimboti wekutaurirana kwesoftware mune yanhasi tekinoroji mamiriro. Kugona kwayo kubatanidza masisitimu, fambisa hunyanzvi uye kufambisa budiriro anovaita maturusi akakosha. Nekunzwisisa mashandiro ayo, magadzirirwo, uye akanakisa maitiro, vanogadzira vanogona kushandisa mukana wayo uzere kugadzira yakasimba, inochinjika, uye yakabatana maapplication. APIs ndiyo kiyi yekuvhura yakasikwa yezvinobvira munyika inonakidza yekuvandudza software.