Artemis II: kudzidziswa, sainzi, uye nzira yekutumira zita rako kutenderedza Mwedzi

Artemis II Yakave imwe yenhanho dzinokosha dzechikamu chitsva chekuongorora kwemwedzi. Iyo mission, yakarongwa hwindo rekuvhura kubva Kukadzi kusvika Kubvumbi 2026Ichange iri yekutanga kubhururuka nemunhu kwechirongwa cheArtemis uye bvunzo huru yechitundumuseremusere mundege. Orion uye roketi SLS munzvimbo yakadzika yemuchadenga.

kwevashoma 10 mazuva ekufambaVemuchadenga vana vachatenderedza Mwedzi vachitevera nhamba-rusere nzira uye vanoenda kure kure 370.000 makiromita kubva Panyikakusvika vamwe 7.400 makiromita kupfuura nzvimbo yemwedziZvichakadaro, NASA yakavhura musuwo wekuti chero munhu aise zita rake pa digital memory iyo ichafamba neOrionchiratidzo chekufananidzira chinounza mishoni pedyo nevagari vepasirese, zvakare mukati Spain uye nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope.

Kudzidziswa kwakanyanya kwekufamba kwenguva pfupi asi kwakakosha

Nhengo ina dzevashandi vaAtemisi II -Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch naJeremy Hansen- dzave kuda kupedzisa Mwedzi 18 yekugadzirira, nguva yakatanga muna junio de 2023 uye ine chinangwa chekuona kuti vashandi vane hunyanzvi mune zvese zvezuva nezuva zvemisheni uye zvinogona kuitika zvisingafanoonekwi munzvimbo yakadzika.

La chikamu chekutanga chekudzidziswa Chidzidzo ichi chakanangana nekuongorora kwakadzama kwemukati meOrion spacecraft. Kweinenge mwedzi mitatu, vakaita misangano yemunhu oga neyeboka kuti vadzidze nezvayo. zvinodzora, masisitimu ekutsigira hupenyu, kutaurirana, uye maitiroChinangwa ndechekuti, kana vangobhururuka, nhengo yega yega yevashandi inotenderera nekabhini kanenge nerote uye inokwanisa kuita nekukurumidza kune chero kusanzwisisika.

Gare gare, vazivi vemuchadenga vakaenda Mistastin crater, muCanada, imwe yenzvimbo dzepasi dzinonyatsotevedzera mamiriro emwedzi. Ikoko vakaita a kudzidziswa kwakadzama geological: kuzivikanwa kwematombo ematombo, kuongororwa kwematanho ezvinyorwa, uye maitiro ekuenzanisa. Kunyange zvazvo Artemis II asingasanganisi kumhara nemwedzi, zviitwa izvi zvinoshanda kukwenenzvera kucherechedzwa kwevashandi uye hunyanzvi hwekunyora zvinyorwa zvesainzi, hunyanzvi hunozoshandiswa zvakare mumisheni dzinotevera.

La tercera etapa yakatenderedza orbital operationsMune simulators ye Johnson Space Center (Houston), vashandi vakadzokorora kufambisa kwakakosha uye maitiro ekudzora maitiro, vachidzidzira ese ari maviri maitiro uye kutadza mamiriro. Mamiriro ekutanga einjini, magadzirirwo etrajectory, uye chaiwo dockings anovabvumira kuti vaedze kuti vanhu vanopindura sei kune basa uye kushushikana kwendege chaiyo.

Pamusoro pechikamu chehunyanzvi, vana venyeredzi vakagamuchira chaiyo kudzidziswa zvokurapaVanodzidziswa mune zvekutanga rubatsiro rwekutanga uye mukushandiswa kwemidziyo yekuongorora senge stethoscopes uye electrocardiographskuitira kuti zvikwata zvePasi zvigone kutarisa hutano hwevashandi munguva chaiyo uye kuita nekukurumidza kune chero zviratidzo zvinonetsa.

Zvokudya, kurovedza muviri uye kuzorora: kutarisira muviri munzvimbo yakadzika

PaJohnson Space Center pane anoshanda a food systems rabhoritari uyo akagadzira menyu yakagadziridzwa kune iyo zvido zvevanhu uye zvinovaka muviri wemuchadenga wega wega. Mumwedzi iyi, bvunzo dzakaitwa. periodic biochemical assessments kuongorora huremu hwemuviri wavo uye kudya, kunyatsoteerera kune zvakakosha zvinovaka muviri senge vhitamini D, folate, calcium uye iron, yakakosha kuderedza mapfupa uye tsandanyama density kurasikirwa mu microgravity.

The Orion spacecraft inosanganisira a mudziyo wemvura uye chinodziya chikafuIzvi zvinobvumira kumwe kusununguka mukudya zvinopisa uye kuchengetedza madyiro akafanana sezvinobvira kune ari Panyika. Icho chidimbu chidiki pabepa, asi chinopesvedzera kugara zvakanaka kwepfungwa uye kutevedzera zvirongwa zvekudya.

Panyama, mukuru wehofisi yekudzidzisa yeAtemisi II, Jacki Mahaffey, yakasimbisa kukosha kwe "core" kana nzvimbo yepakati pemuviriMu microgravity, mhasuru dzepakati dzinogara dzichishandiswa kudzikamisa, kunyangwe kana vazivi vemuchadenga vachiita kunge vachiri. Naizvozvo, kurovedza kunosanganisira akawanda epakati ekusimbisa maekisesaizi, mujimu uye nespacecraft. spacesuit onKudzidzira kupinda nekubuda mukabhini kuti uise mukati mekufamba uye zvimiro.

Munguva yemishoni, nhengo yega yega yevashandi inozoda kutsaurira kanenge Maminitsi makumi matatu ekusimbisa muviri zuva nezuvaVachashandisa hurongwa hwe inogadziriswa kuramba kuburikidza neflywheel kutevedzera maekisesaizi sekukwasva, squats, kana kufa. Iyi compact midziyo yakagadzirirwa kugadzira kupikisa kwemakanika pasina kudiwa kwehuremu hwechinyakare, chinhu chakakosha chinodiwa kana kirogiramu yega yega yaverengwa.

Zororo zvakare chikamu chechirongwa. NASA inoomerera pakusimbisa maawa masere ekurara zuva nezuva kune vashandi vese nenzira yakabatana. Vachava nazvo kuturika mabhegi ekurara izvo vakatodzidzira mukudzidziswa, chimwe chinhu chakakosha kuti muviri ujairane nekurara pasina tsigiro poindi. Sokutsanangura kunoita wemuchadenga Josefa AhabhiMuchadenga, kutenderera kwekurara kunobatwa neZuva: paInternational Space Station, kusvika 16 zuva rinobuda maawa makumi maviri nemana oga ogaKuchengeta purogiramu yakasimba yekuzorora kwakakosha pakugadzirisa kuneta.

Emergency, kupona uye kununura mugungwa

Chimwe chikamu chakakosha chechirongwa cheArtemis II chinotarisa pane emergency uye kuponaNASA yakaisa pasi vazivi venyeredzi buoyancy trainingkukurumidza kubuda uye zvibooreso zvekuponesa gungwa kupfeka masutu emuchadenga. Imwe yebvunzo idzi yakaitwa mu Pacific Ocean padivi peUnited States Navy, kwavaidzidzira pamusoro pepamusoro, kukwira mapuratifomu anofema, uye kurongeka neherikoputa nengarava dzekununura.

Aya maekisesaizi haasi anecdotal: kudzoka kwaArtemis II kunoguma nea high-speed zvakare kupinda mumhepo uye a kuputika muPacifickubva kumhenderekedzo yeSan Diego. Zvikwata zvakabatana kubva kuNASA neDhipatimendi reDziviriro vachave nebasa rekutsvaga capsule, kuichengetedza, uye kubvisa vashandi. Kuve wakambosangana nemamiriro ezvinhu akafanana kunoderedza njodzi uye nguva dzekupindura kana kuputika kuchiitika.

Sainzi yekugara munzvimbo yakadzika: hutano, radiation, uye data remangwana

Kunyange zvazvo Artemis II ari a bvunzo ndegeNASA inotora mukana wezuva rega rega kuunganidza data rekuti [nyika] inokanganisa sei nzvimbo yakadzika kumuviri wemunhuVashandi vachaita panguva imwe chete sevashandi uye sezvidzidzo zvekudzidza mumitsara yakawanda yekutsvakurudza yakanangidzirwa kurara, kushushikana, immune system, uye kuratidzwa nemwaranzi.

Imwe yemapurojekiti akakosha ndeye ARCheR (Artemis Tsvagiridzo yeVashandi Hutano uye Kuita)Chiyedzo ichi chine chinangwa chekuongorora kuti kuzorora, kuremerwa nebasa repfungwa, cognition, uye kushanda kwechikwata kunoshanduka sei kana uchinge wasiya pasi pasi orbit. Vemuchadenga vachapfeka zvishandiso paruoko iyo inorekodha mafambiro uye maitiro ekurara mukati memishoni, uye ichaita pre- uye mushure-yekubhururuka bvunzo kuyera kutarisa, ndangariro, manzwiro, uye kubatana pasi pemamiriro ehupenyu chaihwo.

Imwe mutsara webasa unotarisa pane immune biomarkersNASA nevamwe vayo vachaunganidza masamples emate pamapepa chaiwo pamberi, panguva, uye mushure memishoni, pamwe nemate emvura uye samples dzeropa munguva isati yasvika uye mushure mekubhururuka. Chinangwa ndechekutarisa kuti muviri unopindura sei. immune system yemunhu kusvika kumwaranzi, kuzviparadzanisa uye kureba kubva kuPasiUye kana mavhairasi akavharika akagadziriswa, sezvakatoonekwa paInternational Space Station ine varicella-zoster virus.

El proyecto AVATAR (Virtual Tissue Analogue Response yeAstronaut) Ichapa imwe nhanho yeruzivo. Ichashandiswa "nhengo pane chip" inenge saizi ye USB flash drive ine maseru anobva kwairi mwongo wevazivi vemuchadenga pachavoAya madiki mamodheru anozobvumira vaongorori kuti vadzidze kuti iyi inonyanya kuomarara nyama inoita sei kune high-energy mwaranzi munzvimbo yakadzika, uye ichabatsira kusimbisa kana tekinoroji iyi inogona kufanotaura mhinduro yemunhu uye kugadzirisa matanho ekurapa mune ramangwana.

Vashandi vachatorawo chikamu mukudzidza kwe "standard zviyero" izvo NASA yave ichiita kwemakore pane dzimwe ndege. Ivo vanozopa samples dze ropa, weti, uye mate Kutanga mwedzi mitanhatu isati yatangwa, vanozoedzwa chiyero, vestibular basa, simba remhasuru, microbiome, kuona, uye kugona kwekuziva. Mushure mekudzoka kuPasi, ongororo dzichaenderera kweinenge mwedzi mumwe, nekutariswa zvakanyanya dzungu, kubatana uye kufamba kweziso nemusoro.

Yese iyi data ichabatanidzwa neruzivo nezve mwaranzi mukati meOrionKutevera chiitiko chaAtemisi I, uko zviuru zvemasensor zvakaiswa, Artemis II achashandisa zvakare. anoshanda uye ega mwaranzi michina akaparadzirwa muchitundumuseremusere chose uye madosimita emunhu mune masutu evazivi vemuchadenga. Kana mazinga akakwirira akaonekwa nekuda kwezviitiko zvezuva, mishoni yekutonga inogona kuraira kuvakwa kwe "utiziro" mukati me capsule kuderedza dose yakagamuchirwa.

Munzvimbo iyi, kubatana neEurope kunomira pachena: NASA iri kushanda zvakare neiyo German Aerospace Center (DLR) mune imwe shanduro ye detector M-42 EXTnekatanhatu kugadzirisa kweakatangira paArtemis I. Orion ichatakura ina yeaya mamonitor, ayo achaiswa panzvimbo dzakasiyana mucabin kuti ayere nemazvo inorema ion mwaranzi, inonzi ine ngozi zvikuru kune utano hurefu.

Mushandirapamwe wekutarisa kweLunar uye basa reEuropa muAtemisi

Kupfuura zviedzo zvekurapa, vashandi vachatora mukana wenzvimbo yavo yakasarudzika kuita a mushandirapamwe wekucherechedza mwedziVachave vanhu vekutanga kuona chimiro chayo pedyo kubva 1972, uye vachanyora zvavanoona kuburikidza. mapikicha uye zvakarekodhwaZvichienderana nezuva chairo rekutanga uye mamiriro ekuvhenekesa, vanogona kunge vari vekutanga kuona zvakananga mamwe matunhu. kure nemwedzi nekutarisa kwemunhu.

NASA ichabatanidza kekutanga chaiyo-nguva yesainzi mashandiro kubva kukudzora ndegeDhairekita wesainzi anozoronga timu yenyanzvi mu impact craters, volcanism, tectonics, uye chando chemwedzi Kubva kuScience Assessment Room paJohnson Space Center, boka iri richaongorora mifananidzo nedata rakatumirwa nevashandi uye ropa kurudziro ipapo ipapo, kushanda seyedzo yenguva yemberi yekumhara pamwedzi.

Europe ine basa rakakosha muhurongwa uhu hwese. Agencia Espacial Europea (ESA) inobatsira kune Orion European Service Modulebasa rekupa simba, mvura, oxygen, uye propulsion kune capsule. Inotorawo chikamu mukugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvemangwana chiteshi chemwedzi. Gateway, iyo ichaiswa mukutenderera kutenderedza Mwedzi senzvimbo yekugadzira uye yesainzi.

ESA yakatozivisa kuti yasarudza Vazivi venyeredzi vekuEurope — muJerimani, muFrench, nemuItaly— kuti atore chikamu mumishoni yaAtemisi iri kuuya. Kunyangwe Artemis II achave achishanda nevatatu veNASA vazivi venyeredzi uye mumwe kubva kuCanada Space Agency, zvibvumirano izvi zvinovimbisa kuti. Europe ichave iri muchikepe mune ramangwana nzendo dzemwedziIzvi zvakakosha kune nyika dzakaita seSpain, idzo dzinobatsira kuESA uye kubatsirwa kubva mukudzoka kwetekinoroji nemaindasitiri.

Uku kubatanidzwa kweEurope, pamwe nekubatana nemasangano akadai seDLR mundima yeradiation, inoisa dunhu iri munzvimbo ine hunyanzvi mukati meiyo mujaho mutsva wemwedzi, umo masimba akadai seanobatanidzwawo China y, en menor medida, RashiyaArtemis II, mukuita, imwe nhanho mumushandirapamwe wenguva refu wakanangana nekugadza a kusimudzira kuvapo kwevanhu panzvimbo yemwedzi vatogadzirira mamishini ekutanga kuMars.

Tumira zita rako kuOrion: kukoka kwepasi rose kukwira Artemis II

Pamwe chete nezvose izvi zvehunyanzvi uye zvesainzi zvikamu, NASA yaida kuvhura a citizen participation channelChero ani zvake, anobva kuSpain, Europe kana chero imwe nyika, anogona kunyoresa zita rake kuti afambe muchikepe. Artemis II mukati me digital memory yakaiswa muOrionHaisi tikiti renyama, hongu, asi inzira yekufananidzira yekujoinha mishoni.

Maitiro acho ari nyore: ingo pinda iyo Peji yepamutemo yeNASA yakatsaurirwa kumushandirapamwe uye zadza fomu pfupi kwazvo. Zita rokutanga, zita rekupedzisira uye a código PIN izvo mushandisi anosarudza, kazhinji pakati pemana nemanomwe manhamba. Iyo PIN ndiyo kiyi imwe chete yekudzosera iyo digital boarding passNokudaro, sangano rinoyambira kuti harigoni kudzorerwa kana rakarasika.

Kana fomu rangoendeswa, sisitimu inogadzira a personalized boarding pass yakabatana naAtemisi II. Inosanganisira zita rakanyoreswa, nhamba yekuzvizivisa, uye referensi yemishoni, iyo vatori vechikamu vazhinji vanogovana pasocial media kana kushandisa muzviitiko zvekudzidzisa. NASA inokurudzira kugoverwa kwemakadhi aya senzira yeku kuunza kuongorora nzvimbo pedyo nezvikoro, mhuri uye vanofarira.

Maererano nenhamba dzichangoburwa dzakaburitswa nesangano iri, chirongwa ichi chakatoungana mazana ezviuru zvezvinyorwanekaunda ichikura zuva nezuva. Mazita ose iwayo achaunganidzwa kuita rimwe chete ndangariro tsigiro iyo ichabatanidzwa mumidziyo yespacecraft isati yatanga. Mukati merwendo rwemazuva gumi, runyoro urwu rwemazita runopedzisa nzira imwe chete neyevashandi: kubva kusimuka paKennedy Space Center kuenda kumwedzi unobhururuka uye kudzokera kuPasi.

Kune ruzhinji, chiito hachichinji mafambiro emishoni, asi chinobatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani. Kuziva kuti zita rako riri kufamba muOrion rinoshandura kure, tekinoroji kushanda kuita chimwe chinhu chine... chikamu chemoyo chepedyoZvikoro zvakawanda muSpain nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope zviri kushandisa mushandirapamwe uyu kushanda pasainzi, tekinoroji uye misoro yekuongorora nevadzidzi vavo.

Chirongwa chine kunonoka, asi chine mugwagwa wakajeka weMwedzi neMars.

Artemis II akatambura kumbomiswa kwakawanda Nezvemazuva ayo ekutanga aitariswa, ayo aienderana nekukura kweSLS rocket, chitupa cheOrion spacecraft, uye zvimwe zvechirongwa, NASA ikozvino inoisa mishoni mukati mehwindo rinoenderera kusvika ... abril de 2026, neiyo yekutanga yakaiswa pakuvhurwa chete kana masisitimu ese agadzirira.

Ndege iyi ndiyo zambuko rakananga ku Artemis III, basa rinoshuvira kuzadzisa mwedzi wekutanga kumhara kubva muna 1972 kushandisa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, lander inopihwa neindasitiri yakazvimirira. Kuti asvike ipapo, Artemis II anofanira kuratidza izvozvo iyo SLS-Orion suite uye masystem epasi Ivo vanoshanda zvakavimbika nevanhu vari mubhodhi: kubva parutsigiro rwehupenyu kuenda kunhaurirano, kusanganisira kufamba uye maitiro eiyo chimiro muzvikamu zvinonyanya kudiwa zverwendo.

Zvichakadaro, NASA inosimbirira kuti chirongwa cheArtemis hachitevedze zvinangwa zvesainzi chete. Sangano rinotaura nezvazvo zvakawanikwa, mabhenefiti ehupfumi uye kusimukira kwetekinoroji Zviitiko izvi zvinogona kuve nemhedzisiro muzvikamu zvakawanda pasi rose, kubva kuzvinhu zvitsva kuenda kusimba uye masisitimu ekurapa. Kutsigira chirongwa chehukuru uhu kwemakumi emakore, rutsigiro rwezvematongerwo enyika runofanira kuenda pamwe nekutsigirwa neveruzhinji.

Nokudaro kuedza kuchengetedza a rondedzero yekuongorora yakagoverwaKusanganisira mazita mundangariro anotenderera Mwedzi, kuvhura data resainzi kunharaunda yepasirese, uye kubatanidza vanobatana vakaita seESA zvese zvimedu zvehurongwa hwakafanana: kuratidza kuti kuongorora kwemwedzi harisi basa renyika imwe chete kana yevakuru, asi yekubatana. global network yemasangano, mabhizinesi uye vagari.

NaArtemis II padyo pakona, musanganiswa we kudzidziswa kwakadzama, kuedza kwekutanga, kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese, uye kutora chikamu kweruzhinji Inotaridza mishoni kwenguva pfupi, asi ine zvakakosha. Kune avo vanotarisa kubva kuSpain kana chero kupi zvako muEurope, manzwiro ndeokuti kudzokera kuMwedzi haisisiri peji chete mumabhuku ezvakaitika kare: ihwo hupenyu, hunoenderera mberi hunogoneka kubatanidzwa, kunyange nekusiya chimwe chinhu chiri nyore sezita rinofamba mukati meOrion.