Maitiro ekugadzira iyo process Control Chart muExcel
Mukutonga kwakanaka kwemaitiro kana chiitiko, zvakakosha kuve nemidziyo inobvumira kuyera nekudzora zvawanikwa. Imwe yedzakanyanya kushandiswa nzira dzechinangwa ichi process control chati, iyo inopa chiratidzo chinomiririra che data kuona chero mutsauko mukuita uye kutora matanho ekugadzirisa. Munyaya ino, tichakutsanangurira nhanho nhanho maitiro ekugadzira process control chart muExcel, chimwe chezvinhu zvinowanikwa uye zvakakurumbira zvekugadzira kwayo.
- Nhanganyaya yekugadzirisa machati ekutonga muExcel
Maitiro ekudzora machati chishandiso chakakosha mukugadzirisa kunaka kwezvigadzirwa kana masevhisi. Aya magirafu anotendera iwe kuti utarise kusiyanisa kwemaitiro nekufamba kwenguva uye kuona zvinogona kukanganisa kana matambudziko. Muchikamu chino, tichadzidza kugadzira dhizaini yekudzora chati uchishandisa Excel.
Danho rekutanga: Unganidza data
Danho rekutanga kugadzira A process control chart muExcel ndeyekuunganidza data rinodiwa. Iyi data inofanirwa kuve ine chekuita nemaitiro aunoda kutarisa, sehuremu yechigadzirwa, tembiricha yehovhoni, kana kuti nguva yokumirira mumutsetse. Zvakakosha kuunganidza nhamba yakakwana yedata kuti uwane mhinduro dzine musoro. Mutemo wakanaka wegunwe ndewekuunganidza zvingangoita makumi matatu samples.
Danho rechipiri: Gadzira chati
Paunenge uchinge uine iyo data yakaunganidzwa, inguva yekugadzira iyo process control chart muExcel. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kuvhura bhuku idzva reExcel uye sarudza iyo "Insert" tab. Zvadaro, muchikamu chegirafu, sarudza rudzi rwegirafu raunoda kushandisa kumiririra ruzivo rwako. Tinokurudzira kushandisa chirongwa chekuparadzira nemitsara yekudzora. Rudzi urwu rwegirafu runokubvumira kuti utarise kusiyanisa kwe data uye kumisa miganhu yekudzora, iyo iri mitsetse yakatwasuka inoratidza miganhu inogamuchirwa yemaitiro.
Danho rechitatu: Ongorora girafu
Paunenge uchinge wagadzira iyo process control chart muExcel, zvakakosha kuiongorora kuti uone chero kukanganisa kana matambudziko mukuita. Miganho yekudzora igwara rinobatsira pakuziva pfungwa dziri kunze kwemiganhu inogamuchirika. Kana iwe ukawana chero poindi kunze kweiyo miganho yekudzora, zvinogoneka kuti kutsauka kwakaitika mukuita. Muchiitiko ichi, zvakakosha kuongorora chikonzero chekutsauka uye kutora matanho ekugadzirisa kudzivirira matambudziko emangwana. Pamusoro pezvibodzwa zviri kunze kwemiganhu yekudzora, zvakakoshawo kuona chero mapatani kana mafambiro ari mugirafu anogona kuratidza kurongeka kwakasiyana mukuita.
- Chii chinonzi process control chart uye nei yakakosha?
A process control chart chishandiso chinoshandiswa mukutarisira kwemhando yekutarisa nekudzora kusiyanisa mukuita. Inosanganisira zvinomiririra data rinounganidzwa nguva nenguva, richibvumira kuzivikanwa kwemaitiro uye maitiro anoratidza kana maitiro ari pasi pekutonga. Izvi zvakanyanya kukosha muindastiri, sezvo ichivimbisa kuti zvigadzirwa kana masevhisi anopihwa anosangana akasimbiswa emhando yepamusoro..
Kugadzira dhizaini yekudzora chati muExcel inzira iri nyore uye inoshanda yekuita basa iri. Excel inopa akawanda ezvishandiso uye mabasa anotendera iwe kuti uite otomatiki kuverenga, kugadzira magirafu, uye ongorora data nokukurumidza uye nyore. Mukuwedzera, kuburikidza nekushandisa Excel sepuratifomu, kubatana uye kuchinjana kwemashoko nemamwe madhipatimendi kana vanhu vanobatanidzwa muhutano hwehutano hunofambiswa..
Kugadzira dhizaini yekudzora chati muExcel, unofanirwa kutevedzera mamwe matanho ari nyore. Chekutanga, iyo yakakodzera maitiro data inofanirwa kuunganidzwa uye kurongeka papepa yekuverenga. Kushanda kwemachati eExcel kunogona kushandiswa kusarudza iyo data uye kugadzira chati inokodzera mhando yemaitiro ari kuongororwa. Zvakakosha kuti usarudze rudzi rwakakodzera rwechati runokubvumira kuti uone zvakajeka deta uye maitiro ekududzira nyore..Kana girafu ragadzirwa, nzira dzechiverengero dzinogona kushandiswa kumisikidza miganhu yekudzora uye kuona chero yakakosha kutsauka. Iine chaiyo process control chart muExcel, unogona kuchengeta maitiro emhando ari pasi pekutonga uye kutora matanho ekugadzirisa kana zvichidikanwa.
- Matanho ekugadzira maitiro ekudzora chati muExcel
Mune ino positi, iwe unozodzidza kugadzira iyo process control chart muExcel. A process control chart chishandiso chinoshandiswa kutarisa uye kuongorora kusiyanisa kwemaitiro nekufamba kwenguva. Kuziva nekugadzirisa matambudziko mumaitiro kwakakosha kuvandudza kunaka uye kugona kwezvigadzirwa kana masevhisi anopihwa. Pazasi pane matanho ekugadzira process control chart muExcel:
Danho 1: Unganidza data rekuita: Nhanho yekutanga mukugadzira dhizaini yekudzora chati ndeyekuunganidza data rine chekuita nemaitiro aunoda kutarisa. Iyi data inogona kusanganisira kuyerwa kwemhando, nguva dzekugadzira, kuremara, kana chero imwe shanduko yakakosha pakuita. Ita shuwa kuti unounganidza data rakakwana kuti uve nemumiriri wemuenzaniso wemaitiro.
Nhanho yechipiri: Ronga iyo data muExcel spreadsheet: Kana uchinge waunganidza dhizaini data, ronga kuita Excel spreadsheet. Gadzira koramu yemuenzaniso wega wega kana data point uye mutsara weimwe neimwe shanduko yauri kutarisa. Iva nechokwadi chekuisa mazita makoramu nemitsara kuitira kuti data rive nyore kunzwisisa nekuongorora.
Nhanho 3: Gadzira iyo process control chart: Iye zvino zvawave nedata rako rakarongeka muExcel, inguva yekugadzira iyo process control chart. Sarudza iyo data yakakodzera uye enda ku "Insert" tab muExcel. Dzvanya "Anokurudzirwa Machati" uye sarudza iyo process control chart inonyatsoenderana nezvako zvaunoda. Ita shuwa yekubatanidza yepamusoro uye yakaderera yekudzora miganho pachati kuti iwe ugone kuona chero musiyano kunze iyo yakatemerwa miganhu.
-Kusarudzwa uye kuronga kweiyo inodiwa data muExcel
Sarudzo uye kurongeka kweiyo data inodiwa muExcel chinhu chakakosha kugadzira inoshanda maitiro ekudzora chati. Kutanga, zvakakosha kuona kuti ndeupi rudzi rwe data ratinoda kuunganidza nekutarisa mugirafu yedu. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira zvinosiyana zvakaita setembiricha, kudzvanywa, nguva yekugadzira, pakati pezvimwe. Tsika yakanaka kutsanangura zvakajeka zvatinoda kuyera uye kumisa nzira yekubvuma kana yekuramba.
Kana tangoona iyo data inodiwa, yave nguva yekuironga muExcel. Chinhu chekutanga chatinofanira kuita kuvhura faira idzva uye kugadzira spreadsheet. Mukati mepepa iri, isu tinofanirwa kugovera koramu kune yega yega shanduko yatiri kutarisa uye mutsara weimwe neimwe data point yatiri kuunganidza. Zvakakosha kuchengetedza chimiro chakajeka uye chakarongeka kuti zvive nyore kuongorora kunotevera.
Kana iyo data yarongeka, tinogona kushandisa Excel maturusi kuongorora uye kuona mhedzisiro. Sarudzo inobatsira ndeye kushandisa Excel's chart function kugadzira process control chart. Rudzi urwu rwegirafu runotibvumira kutarisa kusiyanisa kwedata redu nekufamba kwenguva uye inotibatsira kuona chero kutsauka kusingade kana mafambiro. Pamusoro pezvo, isu tinokwanisa kuseta epamusoro uye akaderera kudzora miganho kuratidza chero mapoinzi ari kunze kweiyi miganho, izvo zvinozotinyevera nezvezvingangoitika matambudziko mukuita kwedu.
Mukupedzisa, kusarudza uye kuronga iyo inodiwa data muExcel kwakakosha kuitira kuti ugadzire inoshanda maitiro ekudzora chati. Nokutevera matanho aya, tinogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti tine data yakarurama uye tinoironga nenzira yakajeka uye yakarongeka, iyo ichatibvumira kuongorora nekuona zvigumisiro zvakanyatsonaka. Usakanganwa kuseta yako yekubvuma kana yekuramba maitiro uye shandisa Excel maturusi kugadzira maitiro ekudzora machati!
- Tsanangudzo yekudzora miganho uye kumisikidzwa kweyambiro zvikumbaridzo
Tsanangudzo yemiganhu yekudzora uye kugadzwa kwealert thresholds
Kudzora miganho uye zvikumbaridzo zveyambiro ndizvo zvakakosha mukugadzira maitirwo ekutonga machati muExcel. Iyi miganho inoshandiswa kuona kana chirongwa chiri mukati mechikamu chinogamuchirika kana kuti chiri kunze kwekutonga uye chinoda chimwe chiito chekugadzirisa. Kudzora miganhu inotangwa kubva munhoroondo process data uye inoverengerwa uchishandisa manhamba mafomula. Nekune rumwe rutivi, zvikumbaridzo zvechenjedzo mitsara yakakura inoratidza kutanga kwedambudziko, asi kwete hazvo chikonzero chekutiza. Basa rayo nderekuzivisa boka rinotarisira kuti ongororo yakadzama inofanira kuitwa.
Mukugadzira dhizaini yekudzora chati muExcel, miganho yekudzora uye zvikumbaridzo zvechenjedzo zvinomiririrwa zvine graphical, zvichipa referensi yekuona yekuongorora maitiro. Iyo kudzora miganho inomiririrwa semitsetse miviri yakachinjika, imwe yepamusoro uye imwe yakaderera, iyo inotara iyo inotarisirwa huwandu hwekusiyana kwemaitiro. Kana imwe yemasampuli e data akawira kunze kwemiganhu iyi, inoonekwa sechiratidzo chekuti maitiro haasi ekutonga uye matanho anofanirwa kutorwa kuti aongorore uye kugadzirisa chikonzero chedambudziko.
Zvikumbaridzo zvechenjedzo, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinomiririrwa semitsetse yakawedzera yakachinjika pachati chekudzora. Aya mitsetse inowanikwa kure kure kubva kumiganhu yekudzora uye inowanzoiswa pa 2 kana 3 standard kutsauka kubva paavhareji yemaitiro. Kana sampu yedata ikawira mukati mezvikumbaridzo izvi, zvinoonekwa sechiratidzo chekuti maitiro anogona kunge ari kutsauka kubva kune yakajairika mamiriro uye kumwe kutarisisa kunodiwa. Kukurumidza kuonekwa kwezvinetso zvingangoitika kuburikidza nekuchenjerera zvikumbaridzo kunobvumira matanho ekudzivirira kutorwa kudzivirira maitiro kubva pakubuda mukutonga.
-Kuverenga kwekudzora matanho uye graphical inomiririra iyo data
Iko kuverenga kwematanho ekudzora uye graphical inomiririra yedata zvinhu zvakakosha kuongorora nekutarisa maitiro. Mune ino positi, isu tichadzidza kugadzira dhizaini yekudzora chati muExcel, chishandiso chakakurumbira chekuongorora uye kuona maitiro akasiyana.
Gadzira chati control muExcel Inzira nyore izvo zvinoda kutevedzera akati wandei. Chinhu chekutanga chatinofanira kuita kuunganidza data rakakodzera kubva mukuita uye kuronga muExcel spreadsheet. Zvadaro, isu tinosarudza data uye tinowana iyo "Isa" sarudzo muExcel toolbar. Tevere, isu tinosarudza mhando yekutonga chati yatinoda kushandisa uye tinya "Zvakanaka" kuitira kuti Excel ibudise iyo base chati.
Kana tave neiyo base graph, Zvakakosha kuverenga uye kutsvaga matanho ekudzora kuongorora kana maitiro ari pasi pekutonga kana kana pane chero shanduko yakakosha. Kune akati wandei matanho ekudzora atinogona kushandisa, akadai seyepakati mutsara, kumusoro nepasi kwekudzora miganho, uye yekuyambira. Zviyero izvi zvinotitendera kuona mapatani, mafambiro kana kungoerekana mutsauko mudata, izvo zvinotibatsira kuona zvinogona kuitika mukuita.
Zve graph data, tinogona kuwedzera mamwe mitsara, mapoinzi kana mbariro kune cheti chekutonga chinotibvumira kuona kusiyanisa uye maitiro ekuita. Tinogonawo kuwedzera mavara kana ngano dzinopa rumwe ruzivo nezve data rinomiririrwa. Nekuve nedata rinomiririrwa zvakajeka, zviri nyore kwatiri kuona mapatani uye anomalies, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuita sarudzo uye kugadzirisa maitiro.
Muchidimbu, kuverengerwa kwematanho ekudzora uye graphical inomiririra yedata zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha zvekuongorora nekutarisa maitiro. Kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwemachati ekudzora muExcel, tinogona kuona kusiyanisa kwemaitiro uye kuona zvinogona kuitika kana matambudziko. Iva nechokwadi chekuunganidza uye kuronga data zvakakodzera, kuverenga uye kuronga matanho ekugadzirisa, uye nemifananidzo inomiririra data nenzira yakajeka uye inonzwisisika.
- Dudziro yemhedzisiro yakawanikwa mukuita kudzora graph
Dudziro yezviwanikwa zvakawanikwa mu process control chart:
Iyo dhizaini yekudzora chati chinhu chakakosha mukutonga kwemhando, iyo inokutendera kuti uongorore uye uongorore kusiyanisa mukuita. Kana iyo process control chart yagadzirwa muExcel, zvakakosha kuziva nzira yekududzira mhinduro dzakawanikwa. Heano mamwe mazano ekukubatsira mukati maitiro aya:
1. Kuzivikanwa kwePateni: Tarisa pfungwa dziri pagirafu uye kutsvaga mapatani kwakakosha kuona maitiro ekutsauka. Mutemo mukuru ndewokutsvaga chero pfungwa iri kunze kwemiganhu yakagadzwa yekutonga. Pamusoro pazvo, zvakakosha kuti utarise kutevedzana kwemapoinzi kana chero mafambiro ekumusoro kana pasi, izvo zvinogona kuratidza kushaikwa kwekugadzikana mukuita.
2. Kuverengwa kwesimba rekuita: Chimwe chezvinangwa zvekushandisa aprocess control chart is kuongorora kugona kwemaitiro ekugadzira zvigadzirwa kana masevhisi mukati mezvakatarwa. Kuti uverenge huwandu hwemaitiro, zvinodikanwa kuverenga iyo index index (Cp) uye iyo inogona kugona index (Cpk). Kukosha kweCP kunofanirwa kunge kwakakura kupfuura 1 kuratidza kuti maitiro anokwanisa kusangana zvakatemwa, nepo Cpk kukosha kukuru kupfuura 1.33 inoratidza imwe yakasimba muitiro kugona.
3. Kururamisa zviito: Kana kutsauka kunze kwemiganhu yekutonga kana chero imwe nzira isingadikanwi yakaonekwa, zvakakosha kutora matanho ekugadzirisa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuongorora zvikonzero zvinogona kukonzera kusiyana uye kutora matanho ekuzvibvisa. Root cause analysis Icho chishandiso chinobatsira kuona zvikonzero zvinokonzeresa kutsauka uye kushandisa mhinduro dzinoshanda kudzidzivirira mune ramangwana.
Mukupedzisa, kududzira mhedzisiro inowanikwa mu process control chart kwakakosha kuvimbisa kunaka uye kugadzikana kwemaitiro. Kuita kwakaringana maitiro ekuzivikanwa, kuverenga maitiro ekugona, uye kutora nhanho dzekugadzirisa zvinobudirira ndizvo matanho makuru mukuita uku. Kushandisa Excel sechishandiso chekugadzira uye kuongorora maitiro ekudzora machati kunopa yakanakisa nzira yekuvandudza kunaka manejimendi musangano.
-Kuwedzera kufunga kwekuvandudza kushanda kweiyo process control chart
Kuwedzera Kufunga Kuvandudza Maitiro Ekudzora Chati Kubudirira
Pamusoro pekutevera nhanho dzakambotsanangurwa kugadzira dhizaini yekudzora chati muExcel, kune akati wandei mamwe mafungidziro anogona kuvandudza kushanda kwayo. Aya mafungidziro akakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti girafu rinoratidza zvakakwana maitiro ekuita uye inobvumira kuita sarudzo kwakaringana.
1. Sarudza saizi yakakodzera saizi: Saizi yemuenzaniso inoshandiswa muchati yekudzora ine mhedzisiro yakakosha pakunzwa kwayo uye kugona kuona mutsauko mukuita. Kazhinji, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa saizi yakakura zvakakwana kuona shanduko yakakosha mukuita, asi idiki zvekuti isingade nguva yakawandisa uye zviwanikwa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti sample size idiki zvakanyanya inogona kuderera. kurongeka kwegirafu, nepo imwe yakakurisa anogona kuita kuti zviratidzo zvekusiyana zvakaoma kuona.
2. Tsanangura zvinonzwisisika zvekudzora miganhu: Kudzora miganhu ndiyo mitsetse yakachinjika inomiririra mazinga anogamuchirika ekusiyana pagirafu. Zvakakosha kutsanangura miganhu yakakwana tichifunga nezvekusiyana kwechisikigo kunowanikwa mukuita. Iyi miganho inofanira kunge iri pedyo zvakakwana kuti ione misiyano yakakosha, asi isiri pedyo zvakanyanya kuti ibudise masaini enhema. Nzira yakajairika yekuverenga miganho yekudzora ndeye kushandisa iyo inorehwa uye yakajairwa kutsauka kweiyo data data.
3. Gara uchitarisa uye ongorora zviratidzo zvekusiyana: Kana iyo chati yekudzora yave panzvimbo, zvakakosha kuti ugare uchitarisa maitiro e data uye kuongorora zviratidzo zvekusiyana. Kana chero chibodzwa chiri kunze kweiyo yakatemwa yekudzora miganho, zvakakosha kuti uongorore iyo mudzi chikonzero chekusiyana uye kuita nzira dzakakodzera dzekugadzirisa. Pamusoro pezvo, mafambiro uye mapatani mu data anofanirwawo kunyatsotariswa kuti aone chero kutsauka kwakarongeka kungangoda zviito zvekugadzirisa.
Nekutevera izvi zvekuwedzera kufunga, unogona kuvandudza mashandiro echati yako yekudzora maitiro muExcel uye kugonesa kuita kwakaringana uye kunoenderana nenguva. Rangarira kuti cheti chekudzora chishandiso chakakosha chekutarisa nekudzora kusiyanisa mumatanho, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza uye kuvimbiswa kwemhando.
-Kurudziro yekuchengetedza nekugadzirisa iyo process control chart muExcel
Zvinokurudzira zvekuchengetedza uye kugadzirisa iyo process control chart muExcel
1. Tarisa data yekupinda: Kurongeka uye kurongeka kwedata rakapinda muchirongwa chekutonga chati kwakakosha kune zvakavimbika mhedzisiro. Usati wagadziridza chati, zvakakosha kuona kuti data ndeyechokwadi uye yakakwana. Chikanganiso chekunyora chiri nyore kana kushaikwa kwekuvandudza kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kududzirwa kwemhedzisiro. Shandisa maficha ekusimbisa data uye woongorora kutendeseka kuti uone chero data isina kururama kana isipo.
2. Gadzirisa zvigadziro zvekudzora: Kudzora miganho ndiyo mitsetse yakachinjika inotsanangura miganho iyo maitiro anoonekwa pasi pekutonga. Iyi miganhu inofanira kuratidza kusiyana kwechisikigo kwemaitiro. Zvinokurudzirwa kuverengerazve zviganho zvekudzora nguva nenguva, zvichibva pane zvakaitika kare zvakaunganidzwa, kuve nechokwadi kuti zvinoramba zvichimiririra kuchinja kwemaitiro aripo. Zvakare, rangarira kuti zviganho zvekudzora zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nezvinodiwa uye maratidziro echigadzirwa kana sevhisi.
3. Ongorora mafambiro uye mapatani: Iyo process control chart inopa ruzivo rwakakosha nezve process performance nekufamba kwenguva. Zvakakosha kuongorora mafambiro uye mapatani anoonekwa mugirafu kuti uone zvinobvira kutsauka kana matambudziko. Chengetedza zvakanyanya kune mapoinzi anowira kunze kwemiganhu yekudzora, pamwe neapi anodzokorora kana asina-random mapatani. Aya anomalies anogona kuratidza kuvepo kwezvikonzero zvakakosha zvinoda kuongororwa uye kugadziriswa kuti zvigadzirise kunaka kwemaitiro. Rangarira kuti kududzira kwakaringana kwedata kwakakosha pakuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo zvichibva pane hurongwa hwekutonga chati.
Nekutevera kurudziro idzi, iwe unozokwanisa kuchengetedza nemazvo uye kugadzirisa yako process control chart muExcel. Rangarira kuti chokwadi chekupinza data, kuvandudzwa kwezviganho zvekutonga, uye kuongororwa kwakadzama kwemaitiro zvinhu zvakakosha mukuwana mhedzisiro yakavimbika. Ramba uchitarisa uye kugadzirisa yako process control chart nguva nenguva kuti uone kuti inoramba iri chishandiso chinoshanda mukuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza maitiro ako.
Ini ndiri Sebastián Vidal, injiniya wekombuta anofarira nezve tekinoroji uye DIY. Uyezve, ndini musiki we tecnobits.com, kwandinogovera zvidzidzo kuti tekinoroji iwanikwe uye inonzwisisika kumunhu wese.