Maitiro ekubvisa Malware kubva kuAndroid

Mumamiriro emazuva ano edhijitari, kuvapo kwemalware panharembozha kwave kunetsa nguva dzose Kune vashandisi ye Android. Kuwanda kwezvikumbiro uye kurodha kubva kune zvisingavimbike zvinyorwa, pamwe chete nehunyanzvi hwekuwedzera hunoshandiswa nevanoparwa necybercriminals, zvakakonzera kuwedzera kukuru kwekurwisa malware. Muchinyorwa chino chehunyanzvi, isu tichaongorora makuru mazano uye maturusi ekunyatso bvisa Android malware, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza nekuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo yedu.

1. Chii chinonzi malware uye chinogona kukanganisa sei Android device yako?

Malware isoftware yakaipa ine chinangwa chekukuvadza, kukanganisa, kana kuwana mukana usina mvumo kune mudziyo kana network. Zvemidziyo yeAroid, pane nzira dzinoverengeka malware anogona kukanganisa mudziyo wako.

Imwe yenzira dzakajairika dzehutachiona ndeyekudhawunirodha maapplication akashata kubva kunzvimbo dzisingavimbike. Aya maapplication anowanzo zviita semaapps ari pamutemo uye kana angoiswa pamudziyo wako, anogona kuba ruzivo rwemunhu, kuratidza zvisingadiwe ads, kana kunyange kudzora mudziyo wako uri kure. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kurodha maapplication chete kubva kuchitoro chepamutemo. Google Play uye chengetedza sarudzo yekuongorora yekushandisa yakamisikidzwa kudzivirira marudzi aya ehutachiona.

Imwe nzira yekutapukirwa ndeye kuburikidza nehutsinye zvinongedzo mumaemail, mameseji kana mameseji mameseji. Nekudzvanya pane izvi zvinongedzo, unogona kudhawunirodha usingazivi faira rakasvibiswa rinozokanganisa mudziyo wako. Izvo zvakakosha kuti ugare uchisimbisa kwainobva uye huchokwadi hwezvinongedzo usati wadzvanya pazviri uye usambo dhawunirodha zvakabatanidzwa kubva kusingazivikanwe masosi.

2. Kuziva zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwemalware pane yako Android kifaa

Kuvapo kwe malware mu a Chishandiso cheAndroid inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuchengetedzeka kwayo uye kuita kwayo. Izvo zvakakosha kuti tikwanise kuona zviratidzo zvekugona hutachiona hwemarware kutora matanho anodiwa uye kudzivirira yedu yega data. Heano zvimwe zvakakosha zviratidzo zvekuteerera kune:

1. Kuita zvishoma nezvishoma: Kana mudziyo wako weAroid ukaratidza kudzikira kunooneka kwekuita, sekunonoka kuvhurwa kweapp kana kuita zvishoma nezvishoma, inogona kutapukirwa nemalware. Malware inoshandisa zviwanikwa zvehurongwa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuderera kwekukurumidza kushanda.

2. Kuonekwa kwemaapplication asingadiwe: Kana iwe ukaona kungoerekana kuoneka kweasingazivikanwe maapplication pane chako kifaa, kunyanya ayo ausina kudhawunirodha kana kuisa, zvinogona kuratidza hutachiona hwemarware. Aya maapplication anowanzo aine hutsinye kodhi inokanganisa kuchengetedzeka kwemudziyo wako.

3. Yakawedzera data uye kushandiswa kwebhatiri: Kana iwe ukaona kuti data remudziyo wako uye kushandiswa kwebhatiri kwakawedzera zvakanyanya pasina chikonzero chiri pachena, panogona kunge paine malware pachigadzirwa chako. Malware anowanzo mhanyisa maitiro ekumashure ayo anoshandisa zviwanikwa zvakaita sedhata nebhatiri, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kushandiswa uye kuderedza hupenyu hwebhatiri.

3. Matanho ekutanga usati wabvisa malware pane yako Android kifaa

Danho 1: Ziva iyo malware

Usati watanga kubvisa malware kubva kune yako Android kifaa, zvakakosha kuti uone kuti ndeipi mhando yemalware iri kukanganisa mudziyo wako. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti utore matanho akakodzera ekurwa nawo nemazvo. Kuti uone malware, unogona kutarisa kuti uone kana mudziyo wako uine zviratidzo zvakaita sekunonoka kuita, pop-up ads, kudhindwa kusingade, kana kusazivikanwa maapplication akaiswa.

Danho rechitatu: Shandisa yakavimbika antivirus application

Kana uchinge waona iyo malware pane chako kifaa, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa yakavimbika antivirus application kuibvisa. Kune akasiyana antivirus maapplication anowanikwa paGoogle Play Store ayo anoshanda mukuona nekubvisa malware. Paunosarudza antivirus app, ita shuwa kuti ine wongororo yakanaka uye chiyero chepamusoro. Isa iyo app uye ita yakazara scanner yechishandiso chako kuti uone uye ubvise chero malware iripo.

Danho rechitatu: Bvisa maapplication uye mafaera anofungidzirwa

Pamusoro pekushandisa antivirus application, zvakakoshawo kubvisa chero fungidziro yekushandisa kana mafaera angave ane chekuita nemalware. Kuti uite izvi, tungamira kune zvigadziriso zvemudziyo wako uye famba uchienda kuchikamu cheapps. Wongorora rondedzero yeakaiswa maapplication uye uninstall ayo anoita seanofungira kana asingazivikanwe. Uyezve, tarisa mafaira ako uye dzima chero mafaira ari kufungidzira kana asingadiwe auchangobva kudhawunirodha.

4. Zvishandiso zvakavimbika uye maapplication ekutarisa uye kubvisa malware kubva kune yako Android kifaa

1) Antivirus chishandiso: Yekutanga uye yakakosha chishandiso chaunofanirwa kunge chaisa pane yako Android kifaa ndeye yakavimbika antivirus. Rudzi urwu rwesoftware rwakagadzirirwa chaizvo kuongorora uye kubvisa malware kubva pane chako. Iwe unogona kuwana zvakasiyana-siyana zveantivirus mapurogiramu muGoogle Play Store, asi zvakakosha kusarudza imwe inozivikanwa uye ine maitiro akanaka. Dzimwe sarudzo dzakakurumbira dzinosanganisira Avast, Bitdefender, uye AVG.

2) Anti-malware application: Pamusoro peantivirus, unogona zvakare kushandisa anti-malware application kuchengetedza yako Android mudziyo. Aya maapplication anotarisa zvakanyanya pakuona nekubvisa malware, kusanganisira mavhairasi, trojans, uye spyware. Mamwe eakanyanya kushanda antimalware application ndeye Malwarebytes, Norton Mobile Security uye Kaspersky Mobile Antivirus.

3) Yenguva dzose zvigadziriso: Nzira inoshanda yekudzivirira hutachiona hwemalware pane yako Android kifaa ndeyekuichengeta ichigadziridzwa neazvino software shanduro uye zvigamba zvekuchengetedza. Yenguva dzose inogadziridza haingopi hutsva hutsva uye kuvandudzwa kwekuita, asi zvakare kugadzirisa inozivikanwa kuchengetedzwa kwenjodzi. Ita shuwa yekugonesa otomatiki zvigadziriso muzvigadziriso zvechishandiso chako kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti unogara wakadzivirirwa kubva kune ichangoburwa malware kutyisidzira.

5. Nzira yekubvisa sei Android malware uchishandisa antivirus mhinduro

Nekuwedzera kuri kuita malware pamidziyo yeAroid, zvakakosha kuti vashandisi vazive nzira yekubvisa izvi zvinotyisidzira zvinobudirira. Neraki, kune akavimbika antivirus mhinduro dzinogona kukubatsira kubvisa malware kubva kune yako Android kifaa. Heano matanho aunofanira kutevera:

1. Sarudza antivirus yakavimbika: Usati watanga, ita shuwa kuti unosarudza yakavimbika antivirus mhinduro kubva kuGoogle Play Store kana yakavimbika yechitatu-bato masosi.
2. Isa antivirus: Kana uchinge wasarudza antivirus, dhawunirodha uye uiise pane yako Android kifaa. Tevera mirairo yepa-screen kuti upedze kuisa.
3. Nyora zvizere: Mhanyai antivirus uye ita yakazara scan yeako Android kifaa. Izvi zvinoona uye kubvisa chero malware iripo pane chako kifaa.

Mushure mekupedza scan, iyo antivirus mhinduro icharatidza zvawanikwa uye nekukupa sarudzo dzekubvisa kana kuvharira iyo yaonekwa malware. Sarudza chiito chaunoda uye tevera mirairo inopiwa neantivirus. Pamusoro pekushandisa yakavimbika antivirus mhinduro, zvakakosha zvakare kuti iwe uteedzere maitiro ekuchengetedza ekutanga, sekudzivisa kudhawunirodha maapplication kubva kune asina kuvimbika masosi uye kuchengeta. yako yekushandisa system uye maapplication akagadziridzwa. Kuchengeta yako Android mudziyo wakachengetedzwa kwakakosha kuti udzivise remangwana malware kutapukirwa.

6. Nemaoko kubvisa malware kubva Android mudziyo wako: matanho kutevera

Kubvisa nemaoko malware kubva kune yako Android kifaa kunogona kuve kwakaoma asi kunodiwa maitiro kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza data rako. Neraki, pane matanho aunogona kutora kuti ubvise zvinobudirira chero malware angave akatapukira mudziyo wako.

1. Tanga mune yakachengeteka mamiriro: Tangazve yako Android mudziyo uye tinya uye ubate bhatani remagetsi kusvika brand logo yaoneka. Wobva wadzvanya uye bata vhoriyamu yekudzika kiyi kusvika yapinda mune yakachengeteka mode. Izvi zvinodzivirira chero malware kubva kumhanya kumashure.

2. Tsvaga uye bvisa zvikumbiro zvinofungira: Svika zvigadziriso zvemudziyo wako uye enda kuchikamu che "Applications" kana "Application Manager". Tsvaga chero maapplication anoratidza kufungidzira kana ausingazive. Kana wangozivikanwa, sarudza chishandiso uye tinya "Uninstall." Iva nechokwadi chekutarisa mvumo inopihwa kune yega yega app.

3. Skena mudziyo wako neantivirus yakavimbika: Dhawunirodha uye isa yakavimbika antivirus kubva iyo Play Store. Mhanya yakazara scan yemudziyo wako kuti uone uye ubvise chero yasara malware. Tevedza mirairo yeantivirus kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti malware yabviswa kubva pane chako kifaa.

7. Kudzorera Android mudziyo wako kufekitari marongero kubvisa malware

Dzimwe nguva, zvingave zvakafanira kudzoreredza yako Android mudziyo kune fekitori marongero kuti ubvise malware zvinobudirira. Pano tichakuratidza kuti ungazviita sei nhanho nhanho:

1. Gadzirisa data rako: Usati watanga kudzoreredza maitiro, zvakakosha kutsigira zvese zvakakosha data pane yako kifaa. Izvi zvinosanganisira mapikicha, mavhidhiyo, vanobatika, uye chero rumwe ruzivo rwausingade kurasikirwa.

2. Svika iyo yekumisikidza menyu: Musoro ku "Settings" app pamudziyo wako uye wobva wakanda pasi kusvika wawana "System" kana "Additional Settings" sarudzo. Nokusarudza iyi sarudzo, uchawana "Reset" kana "negadziriro yeparutivi uye dzosa". Dzvanya iyi sarudzo kuti uwane kudzoreredza mabasa.

3. Dzosera mudziyo wako kune zvigadziriso zvefekitari: Muchikamu chekudzorera, iwe uchawana sarudzo "Factory data reset" kana "Reset device". Paunosarudza sarudzo iyi, yambiro ichaonekwa ichikuzivisa kuti data rese riri pachigadzirwa richadzimwa. Kana iwe uchibvumirana, simbisa chiito uye nzira yekudzorera ichatanga. Kana yapera, yako Android mudziyo ichaita senge nyowani, isina chero malware.

8. Sei kudzivirira Android mudziyo wako kudzivirira ramangwana malware zvirwere

Kuchengetedza yako Android mudziyo kubva kuangangoita malware kutapukirwa kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza data rako pachako uye kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakanaka kwechishandiso chako. Pazasi, tinopa nhevedzano yematanho aungatora kudzivirira kutapukirwa mune ramangwana.

1. Chengetedza mudziyo wako uchifambirana nenguva: Zvakakosha kuchengetedza yako operating system uye ese maapplication akaiswa pane yako Android kifaa anogara achigadziridzwa. Zvigadziriso zvinowanzo sanganisira zvigamba zvekuchengetedza zvinogadzirisa zvinozivikanwa, saka zvakakosha kuti uzviise nekukurumidza kana zvave kuwanikwa.

2. Dhawunirodha maapuro kubva kune akavimbika masosi: Dzivisa kudhawunirodha maapplication kubva kune zvisiri pamutemo zvitoro zveapp kana zvisingazivikanwe masosi, sezvo izvi zvakanyanya kuwedzera njodzi yekuisa malware pachigadzirwa chako. Gara uchishandisa zvitoro zvinozivikanwa zveapp, seGoogle Play Store, uye tarisa zviyero uye wongororo kubva kune vamwe vashandisi usati wadhawunirodha app.

3. Batidza app verification: Yako Android mudziyo une app cheki sarudzo, iyo inokutendera kuti utarise zvingangoita malware kutyisidzira usati waisa app. Ita shuwa kuti une iyi sarudzo inogoneswa mune yako kifaa kuchengetedza marongero.

9. Mazano ekurodha akachengeteka maapplication pane yako Android kifaa uye kudzivirira malware

Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzeka kwechishandiso chako cheAroid paunenge uchidhawunirodha maapuro, zvakakosha kutevedzera mamwe matipi ari nyore asi anoshanda. Aya matanho achakubatsira iwe kudzivirira kuiswa kwemalware uye kuchengetedza kuvanzika kwedata rako pachako. Pazasi pane mamwe akakosha ekurudziro yekuchengeta mupfungwa:

1. Gara uchidhawunirodha maapuro kubva kune anovimbwa nawo, akadai seGoogle Play Store. Google's verification system inova nechokwadi chekuti maapplication aripo muchitoro chayo akachengeteka uye haana malware. Regedza kuisa maapplication kubva kumawebhusaiti asingazivikanwe kana zvitoro zvevatatu sezvo kwaakabva kusingavimbike uye anowedzera njodzi yekutapurira mudziyo wako.

2. Usati waisa application, tarisa maonero uye zviyero zvevamwe vashandisi. Verenga zvakataurwa uye uone huwandu hwese hwekushandisa. Izvi zvinokupa iwe pfungwa yevamwe vashandisi ruzivo uye kana iyo app yakavimbika kana kwete. Kana ukasangana nezvakashata kana zviyero zvakaderera, funga zvakare kurodha uye tsvaga imwe yakavimbika imwe nzira.

10. Maitiro ekuchengeta yako Android mudziyo wakagadziridzwa kudzivirira kusachengeteka njodzi uye malware

Kuti udzivise kusachengetedzeka kwekuchengetedza uye malware pane yako Android kifaa, zvakakosha kuti uichengetedze ichigadziridzwa. Pazasi, isu tinokuratidza matanho matatu ari nyore kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti mudziyo wako unogara uine zvigamba zvekuchengetedza uye shanduro dzekushandisa.

1. Activate otomatiki updates: Enda mudziyo wako zvigadziriso uye tsvaka "Software Update" kana "System Update" sarudzo. Ikoko, ita shuwa kuti une otomatiki yekuvandudza sarudzo yakabatidzwa. Izvi zvinobvumira mudziyo wako kuti uvandudze otomatiki kana shanduro itsva yavepo.

2. Tarisa zvigadziriso nemaoko: Pamusoro pezvigadziriso zveotomatiki, zvinokurudzirwa kuti nguva nenguva utarise zvigadziriso zviripo. Kuti uite izvi, enda kune yako kifaa marongero uye tsvaga iyo "Software Update" sarudzo. Kubva ipapo, sarudza iyo "Chengetedza zvigadziriso" sarudzo uye mirira kuti mudziyo utarise chero zvakamirira zvigadziriso. Kana imwe iripo, tevera zvirevo zvekuiisa.

11. Kukosha kwekutsigira data rako usati wabvisa malware kubva kuAroid device yako

Kuchengetedza data rako usati wabvisa malware kubva kune yako Android kifaa idanho rakakosha rekuchengetedza. Nekuita izvi, iwe unova nechokwadi chekuti mafaera ako akakosha uye marongero akadzivirirwa uye haana kurasika panguva yekubvisa malware.

Pane nzira dzakawanda negadziriro yeparutivi Android mudziyo wako. Imwe sarudzo ndeye kushandisa masevhisi mugore, se Google Drive kana Dropbox, kuchengetedza mafaera ako zvakachengeteka. Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa yakazvitsaurira backup apps, senge Titanium Backup, iyo inokutendera iwe kuchengetedza yakazara backup yemudziyo wako.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti kana uchigadzira backup, iwe uchafanirwa kuve neshuwa kuti ese akakosha mafaera uye data inosanganisirwa. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira mameseji ako, mameseji, mafoto, mavhidhiyo, zvinyorwa, uye chaiwo magadzirirwo eapp. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinokurudzirwa kuchengetedza backup munzvimbo yakachengeteka uye kure nemudziyo, senge pa hard drive external kana mukombuta.

12. Nzira yekudzivirira sei malware reinfestation mushure mekubvisa kubva kuAroid device yako

Mushure mekunge wabudirira kubvisa malware kubva kune yako Android kifaa, zvakakosha kuti utore mamwe matanho ekudzivirira zvinogona kuitika zvakare kupindira mune ramangwana. Heano mamwe matanho akakosha uye matipi ekudzivirira mudziyo wako:

1. Gara uchengete sisitimu yako yekushandisa uye maapplication akagadziridzwa: Yenguva dzose sisitimu yekushandisa uye zvigadziriso zveapp hazvingonatsiridza mashandiro uye mashandiro echishandiso chako, asiwo chigamba chinozivikanwa kusadzivirirwa uko cybercriminals inogona kushandisa kupinza malware pachishandiso chako. Ita shuwa yekugonesa otomatiki zvigadziriso uye gara uchitarisa kuGoogle Play Store kune zvakamirira zvigadziriso.

2. Dhawunirodha maapuro kubva kune akavimbika masosi: Regedza kudhawunirodha maapplication kubva kune zvimwe zvitoro kana zvisingazivikanwe kwaunobva, sezvo izvi zvingave zvine malware. Sarudza iyo Google Play Store, iyo ine yakasimba yekusimbisa maitiro ekudzikisa njodzi yekudhawunirodha maapplication akashata. Zvakare, verenga wongororo uye zviyero zvevamwe vanhu usati waisa chero app.

3. Shandisa antivirus yakavimbika: Isa yakavimbika antivirus pane yako Android kifaa kuti uzvidzivirire kubva kune ramangwana malware kutyisidzira. Antivirus inoona uye inobvisa malware munguva chaiyo, pamwe nekupa mamwe maficha akadai sekuvhara mawebhusaiti ane hutsinye, app scanning, uye kutonga kwevabereki. Iva nechokwadi chekuchengeta antivirus yako yakagadziridzwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekudzivirira kunoshanda.

13. Mamwe mazano ekuchengetedza kuvanzika kwako uye kuchengetedzeka pane chako Android kifaa

Kuti uchengetedze kuvanzika kwako uye kuchengetedzeka pane chako Android kifaa, pamusoro pekutevera kurudziro iri pamusoro, tinokupa mamwe mazano ekuwedzera. Aya matanho achakubatsira iwe kuchengetedza yako pachako data yakachengeteka uye kudzivirira mudziyo wako kubva kune zvinogona kutyisidzira:

1. Shandisa mapassword akasimba: Seta zvakaoma-ku-kufungidzira mapassword kuti uvhure mudziyo wako uye uwane maapplication ako. Batanidza epamusoro uye madiki mabhii, manhamba uye akakosha mavara kuti uwedzere kuchengetedzeka.

2. Chengetedza sisitimu yako yekushandisa inoenderana nenguva: Gara uchitarisa kuti uone kana zvigadziriso zviripo kune yako Android kifaa uye ita shuwa yekuzviisa. Aya magadzirirwo anowanzo aine akakosha ekuchengetedza anochengetedza mudziyo wako kubva kunjodzi dzinozivikanwa.

3. Dhawunirodha maapuro kubva kune akavimbika masosi: Dzivisa kudhawunirodha maapplication kubva kusingazivikanwe kana kufungira masosi. Shandisa chitoro cheGoogle Play chepamutemo kana zvitoro zvakasimbiswa nenharaunda yevagadziri kuti uderedze njodzi yekuisa zvikumbiro zvekushandisa pachishandiso chako.

14. Kutsvaga Rubatsiro Rwenyanzvi: Rini uye Sei Kubata Android Malware Kubvisa Nyanzvi

Kana iwe uchifungidzira kuti yako Android mudziyo wakatapukirwa nemalware uye uchida kutsvaga rubatsiro rwenyanzvi kuti uibvise, pane mamwe matanho aunofanirwa kutevedzera. Chekutanga pane zvese, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kune Android malware ekubvisa nyanzvi dzakadzidziswa kubata nemhando idzi dzemamiriro. Iwe haufanirwe kutarisana nemamiriro acho wega, sezvo kune nyanzvi dzinoda kukubatsira.

Nhanho yekutanga kuita tsvakiridzo yako uye kutsvaga makambani akavimbika kana nyanzvi dzinoita basa rekubvisa malware pamidziyo yeAroid. Unogona kushandisa injini dzekutsvaga kutsvaga sarudzo padyo newe kana kutsvaga kurudziro mumaforamu epamhepo nenharaunda. Izvo zvakare zvinokurudzirwa kuti uongorore ongororo uye zvipupuriro zvevamwe vashandisi kuti vaongorore mukurumbira uye kunaka kwesevhisi inopihwa.

Kana uchinge wawana dzimwe nyanzvi dzekubvisa malware, zvakakosha kuti ubatane navo kuti utsanangure dambudziko rauri kutarisana naro pane yako Android kifaa. Inopa chaiwo ruzivo nezve malware zviratidzo, senge pop-up ads, system kunonoka, kana kusazivikanwa maapplication. Nyanzvi dzinozokwanisa kukupa nhungamiro yakadzama yekuti ungaenderera sei uye ndeupi rumwe ruzivo rwavangangoda kuti vaongorore zvirinani mamiriro acho.

Mukupedzisa, kubvisa malware kubva kuAndroid rinogona kunge riri basa rakaoma asi rakakosha kuchengetedza zvishandiso zvedu uye kuchengetedza ruzivo rwedu. Muchinyorwa chino chese, takaongorora akati wandei maitiro uye maturusi ekuona uye kubvisa malware kubva kumidziyo yedu yeAroid. Izvo zvakakosha kuti utore matanho ekudzivirira muaccount, sekudhawunirodha maapplication kubva kune akavimbika masosi, kuchengetedza sisitimu yekushandisa yakagadziridzwa, uye kushandisa yakavimbika antivirus mhinduro.

Kana paine chero chiratidzo chekufungira maitiro pamudziyo wedu, zvakakosha kuti tiite nekukurumidza uye nekutevera matanho anokurudzirwa ekubvisa malware. Rangarira kuti zviratidzo zvinogona kusiyana, asi zviratidzo zvakajairika zvinosanganisira kuita zvishoma nezvishoma, zvisingadiwe pop-up ads, asingazivikanwe maapplication, uye kukurumidza kupera kwebhatiri.

Zvinogara zvichikurudzirwa kuita backup yenguva dzose yedata redu rakakosha, sezvo izvi zvichizoita kuti tigone kuidzosera kana zvichidikanwa. Pamusoro pezvo, kutora danho rekutanga kuchengetedza midziyo yedu kwakakosha, sezvo kudzivirira uye dzidzo iri dziviriro yedu yakanakisa kubva kuhutachiona hwemangwana.

Pakupedzisira, kurwisa malware pamidziyo yeAroid idambudziko rinogara richibuda munyika yedhijitari. Nekudaro, nekugara tiine ruzivo uye nekutevera yakakurudzirwa chengetedzo yakanakisa maitiro, isu tinogona kuchengetedza zvishandiso zvedu uye kunakidzwa-isina kunetsekana kwenharembozha.