Kombiyuta inoshanda sei?

Kombiyuta inoshanda sei?

Muzera redhijitari ratiri kurarama mariri, masisitimu emakombuta chikamu chakakosha chehupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. Kubva panharembozha dzedu kusvika kune akasiyana midziyo yemagetsi yatinoshandisa mumabasa edu ezuva nezuva, zvese zvinoshanda nekuda kweaya masisitimu. Asi wakambozvibvunza here Vanoshanda sei chaizvo?? Muchinyorwa chino chetekinoroji, tichaongorora mashandiro emukati emakomputa masisitimu uye kuti zvikamu zvakasiyana zvinoshanda sei pamwechete kuunza mashandiro atinovimba nawo.

1. Zvinokosha zvikamu zvekombuta system

Kuti unzwisise kuti komputa inoshanda sei, zvakakosha kuziva izvo zvakakosha zvinogadzira iyo. Chekutanga, iyo Hardware, iyo inoreva kune ese emuviri zvikamu, senge central processing unit (CPU), memory, hard drive, uye yekupinza uye inobuda michina. Kune rimwe divi, iyo software, iyo ine zvirongwa uye zvikumbiro zvinomhanya pane system, inodzora kushanda kwayo. el operating system Icho chinhu chakakosha chinoita semurevereri pakati pehardware nesoftware, kutonga zviwanikwa uye kufambisa kudyidzana kwevashandisi.

2. Kuvakwa kwekombiyuta system

Iyo ⁤architecture yecomputer system⁤ inoreva dhizaini yayo uye yemukati ⁢sangano. Masisitimu emakombuta emazuva ano anoshandisa dhizaini yakavakirwa paiyo Von Neumann modhi, iyo ine yepakati yekugadzirisa unit (CPU), ndangariro, yekuisa / yekuburitsa zvishandiso, uye yekuchengetedza unit. Iyo CPU ndiyo "uropi" hwesisitimu, ine basa rekugadzirisa rairo uye kuita zvine musoro uye arithmetic mashandiro. Zvichakadaro, ndangariro inochengeta ese ari maviri chirongwa kodhi uye inomhanya data.

3. Kushanda kwekombiyuta system

Kushanda kwekombiyuta system kunobva pakuitwa kwemirairo ne CPU. Iyi mirairo, iyo inoumba zvirongwa uye maapplication, inochengetwa mundangariro huru uye inodzoserwa uye kudhindwa kuti iitwe. Munguva yemaitiro ekuuraya, iyo CPU inowana iyo inodiwa data mundangariro uye inoita mabasa anodiwa. Kana mirairo yapera, mhedzisiro inowanikwa inotumirwa kune inoenderana inobuda mudziyo wekuona kana kushandiswa.

Muchinyorwa chino, taongorora mashandiro anoita komputa system, kubva kune zvakakosha zvikamu kusvika kune mavakirwo ayo uye kushanda kwemukati. Iye zvino, paunoshandisa komputa yako kana kupindirana nechero mudziyo wemagetsi, unenge uine kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezviri kuitika kuseri kwezviitiko. Makombuta masisitimu, ane chimiro chawo chakaomarara, ⁢echokwadi mashura e tekinoroji yemazuva ano.

1. Zvinhu zvakakosha zvekombuta system

Hardware: Zvikamu zvemuviri zvekombuta zvakakosha pakushanda kwayo central processing unit (CPU), iyo inoita kuverenga uye maitiro anodiwa kuita zvirongwa uye maapplication. Isu tinowana zvakare RAM memory, iyo inopa nzvimbo yekuchengetedza kwenguva pfupi data inodiwa ne⁤ CPU. Zvimwe zvakakosha zvikamu ndezvi hard drive, uko ruzivo rwunochengetwa zvachose, uye ⁣ kupinza uye kubuda peripherals, senge keyboard, mbeva uye cheki, ⁤izvo zvinokutendera kuti udyidzane nehurongwa.

Software: Software ndiyo inonzwisisika chikamu chekombuta system. The operating system ⁢ ndicho chikamu chayo chikuru, sezvo ichironga zviwanikwa uye inobvumira ⁢kudyidzana nehardware. Mukuwedzera, mapurogiramu uye mapurogiramu anoshandiswa kuita mamwe mabasa, akadai semashoko ekugadzirisa, maspredishiti kana web browser. Aya mapurogiramu akanyorwa mumitauro yekuronga iyo CPU inogona kunzwisisa uye kuita Saizvozvo, mukombuta system ivo vanoshandiswawo vatongi iyo ⁢inobvumira kutaurirana pakati pehardware nesoftware.

Networks: Makomputa masisitimu haashande ari ega, asi ⁣ kazhinji akabatanidzwa mitambo. Manetiweki aya anobvumira kutaurirana uye kupanana ruzivo pakati masisitimu akasiyana, kuburikidza netambo kana pasina waya. The network kadhi Ndicho chikamu ⁤chine basa rekugadzirisa⁢ kutaurirana uku. Uyezve, mune ⁢ network zvakakoshawo kufunga nezve protocol izvo ⁢zvinoshandiswa ⁢kuita kutaurirana uku, seTCP/IP. Nenzira iyi, masisitimu emakombuta anogona kugovera zviwanikwa, kuwana iyo Internet uye kubatana pamabasa akabatana. nenzira inoshanda.

2. Architecture yekombiyuta system uye kushanda kwayo mukati

A computer system Iko kusanganiswa kwehardware uye software inoshanda pamwechete kuita mamwe mabasa. Hardware⁢ inoreva zvinhu zvemuviri zvesisitimu, senge CPU, ndangariro, hard drive, uye peripherals. Kune rimwe divi, software⁢ ine zvirongwa uye data yakachengetwa pane system.

Kushanda kwemukati kwekombiyuta system kunosanganisira matanho akati wandei. Kutanga kwazvose, CPU Inoita mashandiro mazhinji ehurongwa iyo CPU inodudzira uye inoita mirairo yechirongwa yakachengetwa mundangariro. Kuti uite izvi, iyo CPU inotevera dhairekitori rekuchengetedza rinotanga mu cache, yobva yawana ndangariro huru, uye pakupedzisira inochengeta iyo data nekodhi mundangariro. hard drive.

Mukuwedzera kune CPU, ⁢ndangariro Icho chikamu chakakosha mukushanda kwemukati kwegadziriro yeMemory yakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri makuru: ndangariro dzisina kugadzikana uye dzisiri dzendangariro. Volatile memory indangariro inorasikirwa nezviri mukati kana system yakadzimwa, senge RAM. Zvichakadaro, chiyeuchidzo chisingaiti chinochengetedza ruzivo kunyange kana sisitimu yadzimwa, sezvakangoita hard drive iyo CPU inoshandisa zvese zvisingaite uye zvisingaite ndangariro kuchengetedza uye kuwana data uye zvirongwa zvinodiwa pakushanda kwehurongwa.

3. Basa rehardware mukombuta system uye kudyidzana kwayo nesoftware

Basa rehardware⁤ mukombuta system yakakosha pakushanda kwayo. Hardware inoreva zvese zvemuviri zvinoumba system yekombuta, kusanganisira iyo yepakati yekugadzirisa unit (CPU), ndangariro, yekupinza uye yekuburitsa zvishandiso, uye yekuchengetedza michina. Izvi zvikamu⁤ zvinoshanda pamwechete kuita mirairo yesoftware uye kugadzirisa data⁢ zvakanaka.

Kudyidzana pakati pehardware nesoftware kwakakosha kuti komputa ishande nemazvo. Software inoreva zvirongwa uye maapplication anoshanda pacomputer system uye anoita kuti mamwe mabasa aitwe. Hardware inopa zviwanikwa zvinodiwa kuti software ishande, kududzira uye kuita mirairo yesoftware paCPU uye kuwana ndangariro nemidziyo yekuchengetedza kugadzirisa uye kuchengeta data.

Pamusoro pekudyidzana kwakananga pakati pehardware nesoftware, pane zvakasiyana zvinhu zvinopesvedzera kushanda kwekombuta system. Izvi zvinosanganisira rudzi uye huwandu hweCPU, huwandu uye kumhanya kwendangariro, uye iripo yekuchengetedza huwandu. Izvo zvakakoshawo kufunga kuenderana pakati pehardware nesoftware, sezvo software ingangoda zvimwe zvikamu kana tekinoroji maratidziro ekushanda kwayo chaiko.

4. Kukosha kwemaitiro ekushanda mukushanda kwekombiyuta

Iyo inoshanda sisitimu ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekombuta system. Ndiyo software inotarisira kutonga uye kuronga zviwanikwa zvemidziyo, ichibvumira maapplication nevashandisi kutaurirana navo nenzira. nzira inoshanda. ‍ Iyo inoshanda sisitimu inoshanda semurevereri pakati pe Hardware uye maapplication, ichipa abstraction layer inovanza kuoma kwezvinhu zvemuviri.. Pamusoro pezvo, inodzora kupinda kune zviwanikwa zvehurongwa, kugovera uye kusunungura ndangariro, kutonga kuchengetwa kwedata, uye kufambisa kutaurirana pakati pemidziyo. Pasina sisitimu yekushandisa, komputa system ingangove muunganidzwa wezvikamu pasina kugona kushanda pamwechete.

Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekushanda masisitimu iyo inogona kuchinjirwa kune zvakasiyana zvinodiwa uye nharaunda. Desktop inoshanda masisitimu, akadai seWindows, macOS, uye Linux, inopa graphical mushandisi interface inobvumira vashandisi kudyidzana nekombuta intuitively. Ukuwo, the operating systems Sevha mhinduro, dzakadai seWindows Server neLinux Server, dzakagadzirirwa kubata mavhoriyamu makuru e data uye kupa masevhisi kune nhamba huru yevashandisi panguva imwe chete. Pasinei nerudzi rwekushandisa system inoshandiswa, Kushanda kwayo chaiko ⁢kwakakosha kuvimbisa kugadzikana uye kuita kwekombuta system.

Kuwedzera kune ekutanga zviwanikwa manejimendi mabasa, sisitimu yekushandisa inopa nhevedzano yemamwe masevhisi anovandudza ruzivo rwemushandisi uye kufambisa kusimudzira kwekushandisa. Aya masevhisi anosanganisira faira uye dhairekitori manejimendi, peripheral mudziyo manejimendi, kuona kukanganisa uye kubata, uye kuita nzira dzekuchengetedza dzakadai sekutonga kwekuwana uye kuvimbiswa kwemushandisi. Iyo inoshanda uye yakachengeteka sisitimu yekushandisa yakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwedata uye kuchengetedza kuvanzika kwevashandisi.⁤ Muchidimbu,— operating system⁤ ndicho chikamu chepakati chekombuta⁢ system, inobvumira kudyidzana pakati pehardware ne⁢ maapplication, ichipa chikuva chakasimba uye chakachengeteka ⁤chokushandisa ⁤uye kugadzirwa kwesoftware.

5. Kuyerera kweruzivo mukombuta system: kuchengetedza uye kugadzirisa

Kuyerera kweruzivo muhurongwa hwekombuta chikamu chakakosha chekunzwisisa kuti iyi yakaoma system inoshanda sei. Iyo data yekuchengetedza uye kugadzirisa maitiro kunoitwa kuburikidza neakatevedzana matanho ane musoro anobvumira ruzivo kufamba kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe zvakanaka uye zvakachengeteka.

Pakutanga, kombiyuta ine zvigadziridzo zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakadai semadhirairi akaoma kana madhiraivha akasimba, uko data inochengetwa. zvachose nziraIyi midziyo ine basa rekuchengetedza ruzivo nenzira yakarongeka, uchishandisa faira system inobvumira kuwana data nekukurumidza uye nemazvo.

Kechipiri, kushandiswa kwemashoko kunoitwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana zvehurongwa, zvakadai sepurosesa uye chiyeuchidzo. Iyo processor⁤ ine basa rekududzira mirairo uye kuita mashandiro anodiwa kuitira kuti ruzivo rwugadziriswe nemazvo. Kune rimwe divi, ndangariro ine basa rekuchengetedza kwenguva pfupi iyo data nemirairo inodiwa panguva yekuitwa kwechirongwa.

FinalmenteMunguva yekuyerera kweruzivo muhurongwa hwekombuta, nzira dzakasiyana dzekutaurirana dzinoshandiswa kuitira kuti data itumirwe kubva kune imwe mudziyo kuenda kune imwe. Aya machaneti anogona kunge ari emuviri, senge tambo kana mawaya network, kana anogona kunge ari chaiwo, sepanyaya yekubatanidza paInternet. Izvo zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika uye kuvanzika kweruzivo panguva yekufambisa kwayo, ndosaka matekiniki ekunyorera uye chengetedzo mapuroteni achishandiswa.

Muchidimbu, kuyerera kweruzivo mumakomputa system kunoitwa kuburikidza nekuchengetedza uye kugadzirisa data, uchishandisa michina yakasiyana uye zvikamu zvehurongwa. Iyo inzira yakaoma inoda kuronga kwakaringana uye manejimendi kuvimbisa ⁢kubudirira⁤ uye kuchengetedzwa kweruzivo.

6. Kukurukurirana pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvekombiyuta system

Izvo zvakakosha⁢ pakushanda kwayo chaiko. Muchirongwa chekombuta, pane zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinoshanda pamwechete kugadzira uye kutumira ruzivo. Izvi zvikamu zvinotaurirana kune mumwe nemumwe kuburikidza akasiyana midhiya, senge tambo, kutaurirana network, uye yakatarwa maprotocol.

Imwe yenzira huru yekukurukurirana mukombuta system ndeye data bus. Iri bhazi inzira inobvumira kuchinjana kweruzivo pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvesisitimu, senge CPU, RAM, uye midziyo yekuchengetedza. Kuburikidza nebhasi re data, zvikwangwani zvemagetsi zvinotumirwa zvinomiririra data muchimiro chebits. Chikamu chega chega chehurongwa chinogona kuverenga nekunyora kune data bhasi, zvichibvumira kufambiswa kwakanaka kweruzivo.

Imwe nzira yakakosha yekutaurirana mukombuta system ndeye kero bhaziIri bhazi rinobvumira kuzivikanwa kwenzvimbo dzendangariro dzaunoda kuwana. Iyo CPU inotumira masaini emagetsi pamusoro pekero bhazi kuratidza kero yekurangarira kuwana. Nenzira iyi, kutaurirana kunotangwa pakati peCPU ne RAM, zvichibvumira kupinda kune data rakachengetwa mundangariro.

7. Kukosha kwekuchengetedzwa kwekombiyuta mukushanda kwehurongwa

Kuchengetedzwa kwekombuta chinhu chakakosha mukushanda kwechero komputa system. Dzivirira ruzivo nezviwanikwa⁤ zve⁢ sangano Izvo zvakakosha kudzivirira kurasikirwa, kukanganisa kana kukanganisa kumabasa ezuva nezuva. Kuti uite izvi, kune matanho akasiyana ekuchengetedza anofanirwa kuitwa uye kuchengetedzwa nguva dzose.

Chimwe chezvikonzero chikuru nei kuchengetedzwa kwekombuta kwakakosha mukushanda kwehurongwa kudzivirira cyber kurwiswa. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nematsotsi kana matsotsi emakomputa vachitsvaga kuwana ruzivo rusina mvumo kana kukanganisa masisitimu. Nekushandisa nzira dzakakodzera dzekuchengetedza, senge firewall, antivirus, uye intrusion yekuona masisitimu, unogona kuderedza njodzi yekutambura kurwiswa uye kuchengetedza data kutendeseka.

Chimwe chinhu chakakodzera chekuchengetedzwa kwekombiyuta ndeye inovimbisa kuvanzika kweruzivo⁢. Mune ⁢system, ⁢zvakajairwa kuti data inobata-bata, senge mapassword, ruzivo rwemari kana ruzivo rwemunhu ⁤vatengi. Ichi ndicho chikonzero kudzora kwakakwana kwekuwana uye encryption yedata kunofanirwa kusimbiswa kudzivirira ruzivo urwu kubva mukuwira mumaoko asiri iwo. Pamusoro pezvo, ⁤zvakakosha kuve nematongerwo edziviriro akajeka uye maitiro ⁢kudzidziswa kusimudza ruzivo rwevashandisi nezve ⁤kukosha kwekuchengetedza ruzivo rwakavanzika.

8. Zvinhu zvekufunga nezve optimize kushanda kwekombiyuta system

Makomputa masisitimu zvinhu zvakakosha mukushanda kwemakambani emazuva ano nemasangano. ⁢Kuve nechokwadi chekuita kwayo kwakakwana, ⁢zvakakosha kufunga zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kukanganisa kushanda kwayo. Muchikamu chino, isu tichaongorora zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakakosha zvekufunga kuti tigone kuita mashandiro ekombuta.

1.⁢ Kugadziridza kugona: Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinopesvedzera kuita kwekombuta system kugona kwayo kugadzirisa. Izvi zvinoreva kukurumidza uye kushanda zvakanaka iyo sisitimu inogona kuita mabasa uye kubata yakawanda data. Kuti uwedzere kuita, zvakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti system yako ine processor ine simba uye RAM yakakwana kuti iite mashandiro mushe.

2. Kuchengeta kwakakodzera: Chimwe chinhu chakakosha mukugadzirisa mashandiro ekombuta kuve nekuchengetedza kwakaringana. Zvakakosha kufunga nezvese simba rekuchengetedza, ndiko kuti, huwandu hwe data iyo system inogona kuchengeta, uye nekukurumidza kwekuwana kune yakataurwa data. Kushandisa solid-state kuchengetedza madhiraivha (SSDs) pachinzvimbo cheakajairwa madhiraivha akaomarara anogona zvakanyanya kunatsiridza mashandiro ehurongwa, achipa kukurumidza kurodha nguva uye yakakwirira kuverenga nekunyora kumhanya.

3. Chengetedzo uye kuchengetedza data: Chengetedzo yedata uye chengetedzo zvinhu zvakakosha zvekufunga nezvazvo mukugadzirisa mashandiro ekombuta nzira, senge firewall uye antivirus software, inobatsira kudzivirira kupinda kusina mvumo kune ⁤data uye inoderedza ⁢ngozi yekurasikirwa kana huori ruzivo.⁣ Pamusoro pezvo, kuita nguva dzose makopi ekuchengetedza data ibasa rakakosha ⁢kuti⁢ kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kweruzivo uye kuderedza. Nguva yekusaita basa ⁢muchiitiko chekutadza kwesystem.

9. ⁣Kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa kwekombuta kuti ishande zvakakwana

Kudzivirira Kuchengetedza: Kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakakwana kwekombuta system, zvakakosha kuti ugare uchigadzirisa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuita mabasa akadai sekuchenesa mukati nekunze Hardware, kuvandudza software uye vatyairi, uye kuita nguva dzose backups. Kuti udzivise kukundikana uye kugadzirisa kushanda, zvinokurudzirwa kuronga kuchengetedza kuchengetedza nguva nenguva.

Software Update: Makomputa masisitimu anogara achida kugadziridzwa kwesoftware kuti ugare uchienderana neazvino matekinoroji uye kuchengetedza mapuroteni. Izvi zvigadziriso zvinogona kusanganisira zvitsva, kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro, uye kugadzirisa kwebug. Pamusoro pezvo, zvakakosha kuchengetedza madhiraivha emidziyo yehardware kusvika parizvino, sezvo izvi zvichibatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuenderana uye kugona. Kuita zvigadziriso zvinoenderana nguva nenguva kwakakosha kudzivirira nyaya dzekuita uye kuchengetedza data rehurongwa kubva panjodzi dzinozivikanwa.

Performance Optimization: Kuti komputa ishande zvakanaka, zvinodikanwa kuita mabasa ekugadzirisa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzirisa zvigadziriso zvehurongwa, sekudzima zvisina basa zvirongwa nemasevhisi, kukanganisa hard drive, uye optimize RAM Pamusoro pezvo, zvakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti system inodzivirirwa kubva kune ⁢malware nemavhairasi nekuisa uye nekuisa. kuvandudzwa kwe zvirongwa zvehutachiona uye antimalware.Kunatsiridza kwekuita kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chemhinduro yekukurumidza uye ine hunyanzvi hwesisitimu kumabasa anokumbirwa nevashandisi.

10. Zvinokurudzirwa kugadzirisa matambudziko akajairika muhurongwa hwekombuta

1. Gadziridza iyo inoshanda sisitimu nguva dzose:

Dambudziko rinowanzoitika mumakomputa masisitimu ndiko kushomeka kwekuvandudza system yekushandisa. Gara uchivandudza sisitimu yekushandisa Izvo zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvigadziriso zvichangoburwa, zvigamba zvekuchengetedza, uye kuvandudzwa kwekuita zvakaiswa pakombuta yako. Izvi⁤ zvichabatsira kudzivirira nyaya dzekuchengetedza uye⁢ optimize system performance.

2. Ita antivirus scan:

Virusi uye malware ndechimwe chezvikonzero zvinokonzeresa matambudziko mumakomputa masisitimu. Ita antivirus scan, uchishandisa yakavimbika uye yemazuva ano ⁢software, yakakosha kuona ⁢uye kubvisa zvinogona kutyisidzira zvinogona kukanganisa kushanda. yemakomputa. Iyi nzira inofanirwa kudzokororwa nguva nenguva kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya.

3. Chenesa mafaira asina chinhu:

Nekufamba kwenguva, masisitimu emakombuta anogona kuunganidza huwandu hukuru hwemafaira enguva pfupi uye junk izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kuita kwavo. Chenesa mafaira asina kufanira Nguva nenguva, uchishandisa dhisiki yekuchenesa maturusi kana nyanzvi software, iwe unozobatsira kusunungura nzvimbo pane hard drive uye kugadzirisa mashandiro eiyo inoshanda sisitimu.