Maitiro Ekugadzira Biodiesel

Maitiro ekuita Biodiesel

Biodiesel yave yakagadzikana uye yakawedzera hushamwari nharaunda. nharaunda zvichienzaniswa nemafuta ezvicherwa. Ichi chimiro chesimba rinodzokororwa chinosimudzira kushandiswa kwemafuta emiriwo kana mafuta emhuka kuti abudise yakachena, yakaderera-yemamiriro ekunze-inokanganisa mafuta. Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora nzira yekugadzira biodiesel nenzira yehunyanzvi, kutevedzera matanho anodiwa ekushandura mafuta akashandiswa kuita mafuta akachena uye akasimba.

Chii chinonzi biodiesel uye nei ichikosha?

Biodiesel ihuni inogona kuvandudzwa. Inotorwa kubva kune zvakasikwa, semafuta emiriwo nemafuta emhuka. Kusiyana nemafuta ezvicherwa, akadai sedhiziri yechinyakare, biodiesel inoburitsa mashoma egreenhouse gasi emissions, inodedera, uye inogona kugadzirwa kumba. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive sarudzo inoyevedza yekudzikisira kutsamira kwedu pamafuta asingabatike zvakare uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwaanoita nharaunda.

Iyo biodiesel yekugadzira maitiro

Iyo biodiesel yekugadzira maitiro inosanganisira nhevedzano yematanho ehunyanzvi anobvumira oiri akashandiswa kuti ashandurwe kuita mafuta anonyanya kushanda. Kutanga, zvinodikanwa kuunganidza mafuta kana mafuta atinoda kushandisa seyakabikwa. Zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi kuti mafuta akachena uye haana tsvina kudzivirira matambudziko mukugadzira. Zvadaro, oiri yacho inoita kemikari inonzi transesterification, apo inosanganiswa nemethanol uye chinokonzera. Izvi zvinogadzira biodiesel uye glycerol sechigadzirwa.

Kuchengeteka uye zvimwe zvinofungwa

Zvakakosha kufunga nezvekuchengetedza kuchengetedza kana kugadzira biodiesel, sezvo nzira yacho inosanganisira kushandiswa kwemakemikari anopisa uye anoshanda. Zvakakosha kushanda munzvimbo ine mhepo yakanaka uye kupfeka midziyo yekuzvidzivirira, yakadai semagirovhosi nemagirazi ekuchengetedza. Zvinokurudzirwawo kuziva mitemo yemuno uye kuwana mvumo inodiwa usati watanga kugadzirwa kwakakura.

Mukupedzisa, kugadzira biodiesel Inzira technician inopa yakagadzikana uye ine hushamwari imwe nzira nharaunda kumafuta efossil. Nekutevera matanho akakodzera uye nekufunga nezvekuchengetedza kuchengetedza, zvinokwanisika kugadzira yedu biodiesel uchishandisa yakashandiswa yemiriwo mafuta kana mafuta emhuka. Kutora iyi fomu yesimba rinowanikwazve inzira yekubatsira iwe pachako mukuderedza kuburitswa uye kusimudzira shanduko kune ramangwana rakagadzikana.

- Nhanganyaya kuBiodiesel: Imwe Inogadziriswa Yesimba

Biodiesel yave iri kuwedzera yakakurumbira simba imwe nzira. Iyo inogona kudzokororwa uye inochengetedza huni inowanikwa kubva kune yakasikwa yakadai semafuta emiriwo nemafuta emhuka. Kugadzirwa kweBiodiesel hakungobatsiri kudzikisira kutsamira pamafuta emafuta, asi zvakare kunoderedza kuburitswa kwegasi rinopisa uye kunobatsira mukuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.

Kugadzira biodiesel, chirongwa che transesterification chinodiwa. Kuita uku kunosanganisira kusanganisa oiri (sesoya bhinzi, sunflower, kana mafuta emichindwe) nemethanol uye inokonzeresa, senge caustic soda kana potassium hydroxide. Iko kusanganiswa kunopisa uye kunomutswa kwenguva yakatarwa kusvikira kemikari inoitika iyo inoshandura iyo triglycerides mumafuta kuita methyl esters, iyo huru yebiodiesel. Nzira yekuparadzanisa inobva yaitwa kuti uwane yakachena biodiesel uye kubvisa byproducts uye tsvina.

Biodiesel inogona kushandiswa sehuni muinjini dzedhiziri, sezvo ichienderana nejekiseni uye masystem ekupisa emhando idzi dzeinjini. Uyezve, inonyanya kushamwaridzana nemhoteredzo, sezvo isingabudisi sulfur dioxide kana zvidimbu zvinosvibisa panguva yekupisa. Kushandiswa kwaro kunobatsirawo kudzikisira kutsamira pamafuta efossil, sezvo achigona kugadzirwa kubva kune anovandudzwa uye akasimba zviwanikwa. Uyezve, kugadzirwa kwebiodiesel kunosimudzira kushandiswa kwemafuta emiriwo akadzokororwa kana ne-zvigadzirwa kubva kuindasitiri yechikafu, nokudaro kuderedza marara uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Muchidimbu, biodiesel isarudzo yakagadzikana uye inoshanda inozviratidza seimwe inovimbisa imwe simba remangwana.

Mukupedzisa, biodiesel ndiyo inogadzika uye inogona kuvandudzwa simba imwe nzira. Kugadzirwa kwayo kunosanganisira transesterification maitiro anoshandura mafuta emiriwo nemafuta emhuka kuita biodiesel kuburikidza nemakemikari maitiro. Mafuta aya anofambirana neinjini dzedhiziri uye kushandiswa kwayo kunobatsira kudzikisira kutsamira pamafuta efossil, kuderedza kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse uye kuvandudza kunaka kwemhepo. Biodiesel isarudzo inogoneka inokurudzira kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinogoneka uye zvinogoneka. Kana iwe uchida kudzidza kugadzira biodiesel, ramba uchiverenga zvinyorwa zvedu zvinotevera apo isu tichatsanangura maitiro. nhanho nhanho.⁣

-Zvigadzirwa zvebiodiesel: Sarudzo uye kugadzirira kwakaringana

Raw zvinhu zvakakodzera kugadzirwa biodiesel
Iko ⁤kusarudzwa kwe zvinhu zvakagadzirwa kugadzirwa kwebiodiesel chinhu chakakosha pakuita. Kuti uwane yemhando yebiofuel, zvinodikanwa kushandisa zvinhu zvinosangana nehumwe hunhu uye zviyero. Kazhinji, kunyanya mafuta emuriwo anoshandiswa, senge soya bean mafuta, rapeseed, mafuta ezuva, uye mafuta emuchindwe. Aya mafuta anofarirwa nekuda kwehuwandu hwemafuta acid acid, ayo anobatsira kuburitsa huwandu hwakakura hwemethyl esters mune transesterification process. Nekudaro, mafuta emhuka, senge tallow kana mafuta ehove, anogona zvakare kushandiswa, kunyangwe aya achida kuwedzera kugadziriswa kwekushandisa kwawo. Imwe sarudzo ndeye kushandisa mhandara yemafuta emafuta, asi mutengo wayo wakakwira unowanzoita kuti isanyanya kukwezva kune yakakura-yakakura biodiesel kugadzirwa.
Kukosha kwekugadzirira kwakakodzera kwezvinhu zvakasvibiswa
Kana zvigadzirwa zvakakodzera zvave zvasarudzwa, zvakakosha kuita a kugadzirira kwakakwana yavo isati yazviisa pasi peiyo biodiesel yekugadzira maitiro. Izvi zvinosanganisira kusefa mafuta kana mafuta kubvisa tsvina yakaita sezvikamu zvakasimba kana mvura. Uye zvakare, zvinodikanwa kubvisa chero acidic kana alkaline zvakasara zviripo mumafuta emiriwo, kuti zvidzivirire kubva pakukanganisa maitiro e transesterification. Kuti uite izvi, nzira ye neutralization inogona kushandiswa nekushandiswa kwemushonga we alkaline, inoteverwa nekushambidzwa nemvura kuti ibvise zvakasara kubva mukugadzirisa. Izvo zvakare zvinokurudzirwa kuti pre-kupisa izvo mbishi zvinhu kuti zvivandudze fluidity uye kufambisa maitiro emakemikari. Kugadzirira kwakaringana kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira kunovimbisa kushanda kwakanyanya kwekugadzira uye yepamusoro mhando biodiesel.
Zvimwe zvekufunga nezvazvo
Pamusoro pekusarudzwa kwakakodzera uye kugadzirira kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira, zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha kufunga nezve kugadzirwa kwakanaka uye kwakasimba kwebiodiesel. Kuwedzera kufunga kunosanganisira kusarudza yakakodzera catalyst ye transesterification reaction, kudzora pH uye tembiricha panguva yekuita, uye kuve nechokwadi chekubata kwakaringana uye kuraswa kwezvakagadzirwa-zvakagadzirwa, senge glycerin. Saizvozvo, zvakakosha kutevedzera zvazvino mirau uye mitemo yekugadzirwa kwebiodiesel, zvese maererano nemhando yemafuta ekupedzisira uye kukanganisa kwayo kwezvakatipoteredza. Sarudzo chaiyo uye kugadzirira kwezvakagadzirwa zvinongori zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinofanirwa kutariswa mukugadzirwa kwebiodiesel, asi pasina mubvunzo inzvimbo yakakosha yekutanga kuvimbisa chemhando yekupedzisira chigadzirwa chinogoneka kubva kune zvakatipoteredza nehupfumi pamaonero.

- Transesterification maitiro: akakosha matanho ekuwana biodiesel

Iyo transesterification maitiro inhanho yakakosha kuwana biodiesel kubva kumafuta emiriwo kana mafuta emhuka. Iyo ine maitiro emakemikari ezvishandiso izvi nedoro, kazhinji methanol, pamberi pechinhu chinokonzeresa. Shanduko iyi inotitendera kuti tiwane peturu inodzokororwa uye yakachena pane yakajairika mafuta efossil.

Iyo matanho akakosha mu transesterification maitiro ndeaya anotevera:

• Kugadzirira zvinhu: Danho rekutanga nderekuona kuti mafuta emuriwo kana mafuta emhuka akachena uye haana tsvina. Inokurudzirwa kusefa zvinhu kuti ibvise chero yakasimba yakasara.
• Doro musanganiswa: Mumudziyo wakakodzera, methanol inosanganiswa necatalyst, kazhinji sodium kana potassium hydroxide. Iyo catalyst yakakosha kuti ikurumidze kuita kwemakemikari uye kuwana goho repamusoro rebiodiesel.
• Reacción química: Mafuta emiriwo kana mafuta emhuka anowedzerwa kune doro uye catalyst musanganiswa. Mushonga wemakemikari unoitika apo doro rinopindirana nemafuta acids mune zvinyorwa, zvichigadzira methyl esters, kureva, biodiesel, uye glycerin sechigadzirwa.

Kana mhinduro yacho yapera, iyo biodiesel inofanira kuparadzaniswa kubva kune glycerin uye yakashambidzwa kubvisa chero doro kana kuti catalyst residue. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti iyo transesterification maitiro inoda kungwarira uye kwakaringana kuyerwa kwezvinhu, pamwe nekushisa uye kuita nguva. Izvi zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa kunaka uye kuchena kwezvakaguma biodiesel. Iine biodiesel yakatoparadzaniswa uye yakacheneswa, yakagadzirira kushandiswa sehuni inogona kudzokororwa mumajini edhiziri, ichipa imwe yakagadzikana uye ine hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza.

-Kemikari maitiro uye akanyanya mamiriro: Zvinhu zvakakosha zvekushandura kwakanaka

Kana tangounganidza nekugadzirisa mafuta emiriwo akashandiswa, danho rinotevera nderekuita kemikari kuita kuti ashandure kuita biodiesel. Iyo transesterification reaction ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pachinangwa ichi. Mukuita uku, iyo triglycerides inowanikwa mumafuta emiriwo inoita nedoro muhupo hwechinokonzera, kazhinji sodium hydroxide kana potassium hydroxide. Zvakakosha kufunga nezvehutano hwakanaka kuti uwane kutendeuka kwakanaka.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekushandura kwakanyatsoita chiyero chedoro kune oiri. Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa molar ratio ndeye 6: 1. Ndiko kuti, 6 moles yedoro inoshandiswa kune yega mole yemafuta. Ichi chiyero chinobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuita kwakazara, sezvo doro rakawandisa richibatsira kushandura kuenzana kuenda ku biodiesel kuumbwa. Uyezve, rudzi rwedoro rinoshandiswa rinogonawo kukanganisa kushanda kwekuita. Methanol ndiro doro rinonyanya kushandiswa nekuda kwekudhura kwayo uye yakakwirira reactivity.

Chimwe chinhu chakakosha kufunga nezve tembiricha yekuita. Kazhinji, iyo transesterification reaction inoitwa pane tembiricha pakati pe50-70 ° C. Tembiricha yepamusoro inogona kukurumidza kuita, asi inogonawo kufarira kuumbwa kwezvinhu zvisingadiwe. Kune rumwe rutivi, tembiricha yakaderera inogona kuderedza kuita. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti maitiro anoitwa munzvimbo isina mvura, sezvo kuvepo kwemvura kunogona kuderedza kushanda kwekuita. Aya mamiriro akakwana akakosha kuti uwane goho rakakwana rebiodiesel.

-Kucheneswa uye kubviswa kwetsvina: Kuvandudza mhando yebiodiesel

Biodiesel yave iri kuwedzera kufarirwa imwe nzira senge renewable simba sosi. Nekudaro, kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwayo uye kubatsira, zvinodikanwa kuita maitiro ekudzora emhando. kunatswa uye kubvisa tsvinaAya matanho akakosha mukuvandudza mhando yebiodiesel uye kuona kuti inosangana nezvinodiwa.

Imwe yedzakakosha nzira dzekuchenesa biodiesel ndeye kuburikidza filtración. Maitiro aya zvinosanganisira kupfuudza mafuta nemusefa inobvisa zvidimbu zvisingadiwe uye sediment. Kuti uwane mibairo yakakwana, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa mapepa emhando yepamusoro kana mafirita emachira anogona kuchengetedza kunyangwe zvidiki zvidiki. Mukuwedzera, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi kuti mafiritsi akachena uye iri mumamiriro akanaka kudzivirira kuvhara kana kubuda.

Imwe nzira yakakosha ndeye kubviswa kwemvura uye unyoro yebiodiesel. Kuvapo kwemvura kunogona kukanganisa kunaka kwemafuta, zvichitungamira mukuora uye emulsification. Maitiro akasiyana-siyana anogona kushandiswa kuibvisa, senge decantation kana kushandiswa kwemvura inoparadzanisa. Aya maitiro anoparadzanisa mvura kubva kune biodiesel uye anovimbisa kuti mafuta akaoma uye akagadzirira kushandiswa.

-Kuyedzwa kwemhando uye kutevedzera zviyero: Kuve nechokwadi chepamusoro-kuita biodiesel

Mukugadzirwa kwebiodiesel, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chemhando yayo uye kutevedzera zvakatarwa zviyero. Kuti aite izvi, zvakaoma bvunzo dzemhando yepamusoro izvo zvinobvumira zvivakwa uye kushanda kwemafuta akawanikwa kuti aongororwe. Iyi bvunzo inosanganisira kuyerwa kwemuviri uye makemikari zvimiro senge cloud point, viscosity, uye zvemukati memvura. Uye zvakare, kuongororwa kweiyo fatty acid kuumbwa uye kutsunga kweiyo cetane index inoitwa, zvinhu zvakakosha kuvimbisa yemhando yepamusoro biodiesel.

La vimbiso yekutevedzera mitemo chimwe chinhu chakakosha mukugadzirwa kwebiodiesel. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuisa mafuta kumiyedzo yakasiyana kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inoenderana nemirau yakadzikwa nemasangano ane hunyanzvi. Zvimwe zvezviedzo izvi zvinosanganisira kuona yakasara methanol concentration, kuvapo kwemethyl uye ethyl esters, pamwe nekuyera kukosha kwe calorific uye density. Nenzira iyi, inova nechokwadi chekuti biodiesel inosangana nemhando uye chengetedzo zviyero, ichipa chivimbo kune vanopedza vashandisi uye nekusimudzira kutorwa kwayo senzira inoenderera uye inoshanda.

Iyo kuongororwa kwemhando uye kutevedzera zviyero zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chebiodiesel kushanda kwepamusoroMiedzo iyi inobvumira kuonekwa kwezvingangoita tsvina, kuongororwa kwekugadzikana kwemafuta uye simba rekuzora, uye kuenderana kwayo neinjini dziripo. Vanoona zvakare kuti biodiesel inosangana nemutemo uye zvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa, kusimudzira kugadzirwa kwakasimba uye kwakasimba. Muchidimbu, bvunzo idzi dzakakosha pakupa emhando yepamusoro biodiesel yakavimbika uye yakakodzera kushandiswa mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana uye ezvekufambisa.

-Kushandisa uye mashandisirwo ebiodiesel: Mabhenefiti uye akakosha kufunga

Biodiesel Kushandisa uye Zvishandiso: Mabhenefiti Akakosha uye Mafungiro

Biodiesel ndiyo imwe mafuta iyo inoshandiswa sechinzvimbo chedhiziri yakajairika muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Kugadzirwa kwayo kunogadzikana uye kunobva pakushandurwa kwemafuta emiriwo kana mafuta emhuka kuburikidza nemaitiro anonzi transesterification. Iyi kemikari inoshandura triglycerides kuita methyl kana ethyl esters, izvo zvinonyanya zvikamu zvebiodiesel.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru mafomu yebiodiesel iri muchikamu chekutakura, zvese mumotokari dzakazvimirira uye ngarava dzekutengesa. Nekushandisa biodiesel, greenhouse gasi emissions inoderedzwa uye kuvimba nefossil mafuta kunoderera. Uyezve, biodiesel inogona kusanganiswa neyakajairwa dhiziri muzvikamu zvakasiyana, ichibvumira kushandiswa kwayo kuchinjira kune akasiyana injini nemichina.

Biodiesel inogonawo kushandiswa mukati aplicaciones industriales, sezvakaita muchizvarwa chekupisa simba. Nekushandisa biodiesel mumaboilers kana mamwe masisitimu ekudziya, inochenesa uye yakawanda inogona kuvandudzwa mafuta inowanikwa. Pamusoro pezvo, biodiesel inoodza uye haina chepfu pane zvakatipoteredza, zvichiita kuti ive inogadzika uye ine ecosystem-inoshamwaridzika imwe nzira. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti biodiesel ine simba rakaderera pane dhiziri yakajairika, saka vhoriyamu yakakura inodiwa kuti uwane simba rakafanana.

-Kugadzirisa uye kuchengetedza kwakaringana: Kuwedzera hupenyu hunobatsira hwebiodiesel

Kuchengetedza Kwakakodzera uye Kuchengetedza: Kuwedzera Sherufu Hupenyu hweBiodiesel

Biodiesel inogadzikana uye yakachena imwe mafuta, asi kuchengetedza kushanda kwayo kwakanyanya uye kunaka nekufamba kwenguva, kuchengetedza kwakakodzera uye kuchengetedza kwakakosha. Heano mamwe akakosha mazano ekuwedzera hupenyu hwebiodiesel yako:

1. Kusefa nguva dzose: Biodiesel inoumbwa nemamorekuru ane hunyoro anogona kuparara nekufamba kwenguva, achideredza kushanda kwayo. Kudzivirira izvi, zvakakosha kugara uchisefa biodiesel yako usati washandisa. Izvi zvichabatsira kubvisa tsvina, senge yakasimba particles nemvura, iyo inogona kukanganisa kushanda kwemafuta. Shandisa mafirita emhando yepamusoro uye ita shuwa kuti waatsiva zvinoenderana nemugadziri wezvido zvemugadziri kuti uchengetedze mazinga akakwana ekusefa.

2. Kuchengetedza kwakakodzera: Biodiesel inofanira kuchengetwa pasi pemamiriro ekudzivirira kudzivirira kuparara kusati kwasvika. Kutanga, ita shuwa kushandisa midziyo yekuchengetera yakakodzera, senge matangi esimbi asina tsvina kana yakakwirira-density polyethylene, iyo isingaite makemikari nebiodiesel. Pamusoro pezvo, zvakakosha kuchengetedza biodiesel kure kubva kune yakananga zuva uye kupisa masosi, sezvo kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kune tembiricha yepamusoro kunogona kukurumidza kuora kwayo. Pakupedzisira, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa antioxidant additives kuchengetedza biodiesel panguva yekuchengetedza kwenguva refu.

3. Kutenderera kwemasheya: Biodiesel ine hupenyu hushoma hwepasherufu, saka zvakakosha kuti usatore huwandu hwakawanda hwemafuta zvisina basa. Zvinokurudzirwa kutenderedza stock uye kushandisa yekare biodiesel kutanga kudzivirira kuparara kwebiodiesel. Uyezve, biodiesel yakachengetwa kwenguva yakareba pasina kushandiswa inogona kuchengetedza tsvina uye kuchinja kemikari inokanganisa kunaka kwayo. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kushandisa biodiesel mukati menguva inonzwisisika uye kudzivirira kuichengeta kwenguva yakareba.