Nzira yekuisa Digital Certificate

Kushandiswa kwezvitupa zvedhijitari kwakakosha munyika yanhasi, uko kuchengetedzeka uye huchokwadi ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosha mukufambiswa kweruzivo. Kuti uve nechokwadi chechokwadi uye kuvanzika kweaya magwaro emagetsi, zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise nzira yekuisa nemazvo chitupa chedigital pamidziyo yedu. Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora matanho akakosha ehunyanzvi uye kufunga kukubatsira iwe zvinobudirira uye zvisina musono kuisa chitupa chedhijitari.

1. Chii chinonzi Digital Certificate uye chinoshanda sei?

Digital Certificate igwaro remagetsi rine ruzivo rwekuzivikanwa kwechinhu, angave munhu, sangano kana mudziyo. Inoshandiswa kuratidza kuzivikanwa kwesangano uye kuvharidzira kutaurirana, nekudaro kuve nechokwadi chekuvanzika uye kutendeseka kweiyo data inofambiswa.

A Digital Certificate inoshanda kuburikidza nemagetsi siginicha, inova nzira inoshandisa cryptographic algorithms kuvimbisa chokwadi uye kuvimbika kweruzivo. Chitupa chinosanganisira kiyi yeruzhinji uye kiyi yakavanzika, iyo inoshandiswa encrypt uye decrypt ruzivo. Kiyi yeruzhinji inowanikwa kune vese vashandisi, nepo kiyi yakavanzika inofanirwa kuchengetwa yakavanzika uye kuchengetedzwa.

Kuti Chitupa cheDhijitari chive chechokwadi, chinofanirwa kupihwa neakavimbika Certification Chiremera, icho chinosimbisa kuzivikanwa kweanonyorera uye chinopa chitupa mushure mekutarisa chitupa chavo. Chitupa chine zuva rekupera uye chinofanirwa kuvandudzwa nguva nenguva kuchengetedza kushanda kwacho. Pamusoro pezvo, mabhurawuza uye mawebhusaiti anowanzo ane runyorwa rweakavimbika Certification Zviremera akavakirwa-mukati, achivabvumira kuti vaone chokwadi chezvitupa zvedhijitari.

Muchidimbu, Digital Certificate igwaro remagetsi iyo inoshandiswa kuratidza kuzivikanwa uye encrypt kutaurirana. Inoshanda kuburikidza nemagetsi siginicha uye inoshandisa makiyi eruzhinji uye akavanzika. Izvo zvakakosha kuti iburitswe neakavimbika Certification Authority uye ivandudzwe nguva nenguva. Mabhurawuza uye maapplication ewebhu anosimbisa otomatiki huchokwadi hwedhijitari zvitupa.

2. Zvinodiwa zvekuisa Digital Certificate

Usati waenderera mberi nekuiswa kweDigital Certificate, zvakakosha kuti usangane nezvimwe zvinodikanwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekushanda chaiko kwehurongwa. Pazasi pane zvinodiwa zvinodiwa:

1. Iva nemidziyo yekombuta ine internet yakagadzikana.
2. Iva newebhu browser yakagadziridzwa, senge Google Chrome kana Mozilla Firefox.
3. Tarisa kuti waisa operating system yekambani, pamwe chete nezvinogadziridzwa zvinoenderana.

Mukuwedzera kune izvo zvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvinofanirwa kuve nezvinhu zvinotevera:

• A smart card reader inoenderana neDigital Certificate.
• Iyo smart kadhi ine Dhijitari Sitifiketi, yakapihwa nemazvo uye yakagadziriswa nechiremera chinoenderana.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti mune dzimwe nguva mamwe magadzirirwo anogona kudikanwa mukati Iyo inoshanda sisitimu kana mubrowser kugonesa kushandiswa chaiko kweDigital Certificate. Kuti uwane ruzivo rwakadzama rwekuita zvigadziriso izvi, zvinokurudzirwa kubvunza zviri pamutemo zvinyorwa zvinopihwa nesangano rinoburitsa Chitupa kana kutsvaga rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi.

3. Dhawunirodha Digital Certificate kubva kune certification chiremera

Kuti utore Dhawunirodha Dhijitari Sitifiketi kubva kune certification chiremera, zvinodikanwa kutevedzera anotevera matanho:

1. Pinda webhusaiti yevane zvitupa.
2. Sarudza sarudzo yekurodha chitupa chedhijitari.
3. On the screen dhawunirodha, isa iyo data inodiwa, senge zita remuridzi, nhamba yekuzivikanwa kana DNI, uye imwe data yemunhu ingave yakakosha.
4. Kana iyo data yapera, tinya pane bhatani rekurodha.
5. Sevha chitupa chedhijitari munzvimbo yakachengeteka pane chako kifaa.

Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti chiremera chega chega chezvitupa chinogona kunge chine maitiro ekudhawunirodha akati siyanei, saka zvinokurudzirwa kutarisa zvinyorwa kana madhairekitori anopihwa nesangano.

Pamusoro pezvo, zvakakosha kuve neinternet yakanaka yekubatanidza kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti kurodha kunoitwa nemazvo uye pasina kukanganisa. Kana iwe ukasangana nematambudziko panguva yekudhawunirodha, zvinokurudzirwa kubata nerutsigiro rwehunyanzvi rwechiremera chechitupa kuti ubatsirwe nemunhu.

4. Kugadzirira kwegadziriro yekushanda yekuiswa kweDigital Certificate

Usati watanga kuisirwa Dhijitari Sitifiketi, zvinodikanwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti sisitimu yekushandisa yakagadziridzwa nemazvo. Izvi zvichave nechokwadi chekumisikidzwa kwakabudirira uye kushanda kwakaringana kwechitupa. Pazasi pane matanho ekugadzirira sisitimu yekushandisa:

1. Operating system update: Zvinokurudzirwa kuva neshanduro yemazuva ano yekushanda system yakaiswa, sezvo izvi zvichiita kuti ienderane zvakanyanya nechitupa chedhijitari. Iwe unogona kutarisa kana zvigadziriso zviripo nekuenda kune masisitimu marongero uye kutsvaga iyo yekuvandudza sarudzo. Iyo nzira yakapihwa inofanirwa kuteverwa kuisa zvese zviripo zvigadziriso.

2. Sistimu yekumisikidza: Izvo zvinodiwa kuti ugadzire zvimwe zvigadziriso muhurongwa hwekushandisa kuitira kuti igone kuziva uye kushandisa chitupa chedhijitari nemazvo. Rimwe rematanho akakosha kuseta zuva rakakwana uye nguva pakombuta, sezvo izvi zvakakosha kuti chitupa chive chechokwadi. Mutauro chaiwo uye dunhu rinofanirwawo kusetwa, sezvo zvimwe zvitupa zvingangoda marongero chaiwo. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinokurudzirwa kuve newebhu browser yakagadziridzwa yakaiswa kuti uwane mawebhusaiti akachengeteka uko chitupa chichashandiswa.

5. Optimal web browser configuration yekuiswa kweDigital Certificate

Kuisa nemazvo Digital Certificate mubrowser yako, zvakakosha kuti unyatso gadzirisa dzimwe sarudzo kuti uve nechokwadi chekushanda kwayo. Pazasi tinokupa gwara nhanho nhanho Kuti uwane optimal configuration:

1. Gadzirisa browser yako kune yazvino vhezheni iripo. Izvi zvichava nechokwadi chekuti mabasa ese anodiwa aripo uye akagadziridzwa eDigital Sitifiketi.
2. Vhura zvigadziriso zvemakuki mubrowser yako. Makuki mafaera anochengeta ruzivo nezve kubhurawuza kwako, uye Dhijitari Sitifiketi inoda kuti ishande nemazvo. Enda kukuvanzika kwebrowser yako uye chengetedzo marongero uye ita shuwa kuti makuki anogoneswa.
3. Tarisa zvigadziriso zvebrowser yako. Ita shuwa kuti chikamu chekuchengetedza chakaiswa pakati kana kumusoro kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwakaringana kwedata rako. Zvakare, tarisa kuti "Block pop-up windows" sarudzo yakabatiswa kudzivirira chero kukanganiswa neDigital Sitifiketi.

Tevedza aya akadzama nhanho uye bhurawuza yako ichave yakanyatso gadziridzwa yekumisikidza uye nekushandisa kwakakwana kweDigital Sitifiketi. Kana uchiri kusangana nematambudziko, bvunza zvinyorwa zvekubatsira zvebrowser yako kana kubata rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi kuti uwane rumwe rubatsiro.

6. Matanho ekuisa Digital Certificate muWindows

Kuisa Digital Certificate muWindows, zvinodikanwa kutevedzera zvinotevera:

1. Dhawunirodha chitupa: Svika webhusaiti yepamutemo yemupi wezvitupa uye tsvaga chikamu chekurodha. Tsvaga chitupa chedhijitari chinoenderana nekambani yako uye dhawunirodha pakombuta yako.

2. Kumhanyisa faira yekuisa: Kana chitupa chedhijitari chatorwa, tsvaga faira pakombuta yako uye tinya kaviri kuti uite. Ita shuwa kuti une kodzero dzemaneja kuti upedze kuisirwa nemazvo.

3. Tevedzera mirairo: Panguva yekuisa, mahwindo akasiyana uye matanho achaonekwa aunofanira kutevera. Verenga murairo wega wega uye upedze minda inodiwa. Iwe unozokumbirwa kuisa chitupa serial nhamba uye rudzi rwechitoro chichachengetwa chitupa.

7. Kuiswa kweDigital Certificate muLinux: maitiro akadzama

Kuisa chitupa chedhijitari paLinux, unofanirwa kutevedzera anotevera matanho akadzama:

1. Vhura iyo terminal uye pinda mukati semudzi mushandisi.

2. Dhawunirodha chitupa chedhijitari kubva pawebhusaiti yepamutemo yechitupa. Inogona kuitwa uchishandisa murairo wget ichiteverwa neURL yechitupa.

3. Simbisa kutendeseka kwechitupa chakatorwa uchishandisa murairo sha256sum uye kuenzanisa chigumisiro nehuwandu hunopihwa necertifier. Izvo zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti chitupa hachina kuchinjwa.

4. Tevere, isu tinofanira kuisa zvinodiwa zvinoenderana nekugadzwa kwechitupa. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa uchishandisa Linux package maneja, semuenzaniso, apt-get muDebian-based distributions. Mhanyai murairo apt-get install openssl mune terminal yekuisa OpenSSL.

5. Kamwe kutsamira kwaiswa, tinoenderera mberi nekuiswa chaiko kwechitupa chedhijitari. Izvi zvinowanikwa nekushandisa murairo openssl pkcs12 -in certificado.p12 -out certificado.pem, kupi certificado.p12 ndiro zita refaira rakatorwa uye certificado.pem ndiro zita rezvakabuda faira.

6. Pakupedzisira, kushandisa chitupa mumashandisirwo chaiwo kana masevhisi, zvinodikanwa kugadzirisa sarudzo dzinoenderana mukati meumwe neumwe wavo, uchitevera magwaro avo. Imwe neimwe application kana sevhisi inogona kunge iine zvimwe zvinodiwa kana kupa yayo seti yemirairo yekumisikidza chitupa chedhijitari. Iva nechokwadi chekutevera mirairo yakakodzera yechiitiko chimwe nechimwe.

8. Kugadzirisa matambudziko akajairika panguva yekuiswa kweDigital Certificate

9. Kushandiswa kweDigital Certificate mumashandisirwo emagetsi nemasevhisi

10. Kudzivirirwa uye kutsigirwa kweDigital Certificate: zvakanakisisa maitiro

Iyo Digital Sitifiketi chishandiso chakakosha chechokwadi uye chemagetsi siginecha yemagwaro. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti uchengetedze uye utsigire ruzivo urwu kuve nechokwadi chekushandiswa kwayo uye kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwedata kana kuba.

Muchikamu chino, tiri kuzopa maitiro akanakisa ekudzivirira uye kutsigirwa kweDigital Sitifiketi:

• Shandisa mapassword akasimba: Izvo zvakakosha kumisikidza yakasimba uye yakaoma password kuchengetedza kupinda kune Digital Sitifiketi. Iri pasiwedhi rinofanirwa kuve rakasiyana uye harifanirwe kugovaniswa nemunhu wese.
• Chengetedza Digital Certificate munzvimbo yakachengeteka: Zvinokurudzirwa kuti uchengetedze Digital Certificate pane yakachengeteka mudziyo, senge smart kadhi kana USB tokeni. Midziyo iyi inopa imwe nhanho yekudzivirira uye inodzivirira Dhijitari Sitifiketi kuti iwanikwe nyore nevanhu vasina mvumo.
• Gadzira backups nguva dzose: Izvo zvakakosha kuti ugare uchigadzira makopi ekuchengetedza eDigital Sitifiketi. Aya makopi ekuchengetedza anofanirwa kuchengetwa munzvimbo yakachengeteka yakaparadzana nemudziyo unochengeterwa Chitupa. Nenzira iyi, muchiitiko chekurasikirwa kana kukuvadzwa kweSitifiketi, iyo data inogona kudzoserwa uye kuwana kudzoreredzwa nemazvo.

11. Digital Certificate Renewal: nhanho-nhanho gwara

Digital chitupa kuvandudzwa inzira yakakosha yekuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kuvimbika kwechitupa chako online. Pazasi, isu tinopa yakadzama nhanho-nhanho gwara rekuita kugadziridza uku pasina matambudziko.

1. Tarisa zuva rekupera: Usati watanga maitiro ekuvandudza, ita shuwa yekutarisa zuva rekupera kwechitupa chako chazvino chedhijitari. Izvi zvichakubatsira kuronga kumberi kwekuvandudzwa uye kudzivirira chero kukanganisa kune yako online chiitiko.

2. Svika iyo yekuvandudza portal: Kuti ukumbire kuvandudzwa kwechitupa chako chedhijitari, unofanirwa kuwana iyo yepamhepo portal kana chikuva chakapihwa nechitupa chinoburitsa chitupa. Pano, iwe unozofanirwa kupa ruzivo rwako rwekuzivikanwa, senge nhamba yekuzivikanwa yemutero uye nhamba yeserial yechitupa chedhijitari yapfuura.

3. Tevera matanho ekuvandudza: Kana wangopinda ruzivo rwunodiwa, iyo sisitimu inokutungamira iwe kuburikidza nematanho anodiwa kuti upedze kuvandudzwa. Matanho aya anogona kusanganisira kuoneswa chitupa, kubhadhara mubhadharo wekuvandudza uye kusimbisa yako nyowani yekutaura.

Rangarira kunyatsotevera mirairo inopihwa neari kuburitsa uye gadzira backup yechitupa chako chitsva chedhijitari kana chagadzirira. Kugara kuvandudzwa kwechitupa kwakakosha kuchengetedza chengetedzo mukutaurirana kwako online uye kuve nechokwadi chechokwadi chekutengeserana kwako kwedhijitari.

12. Kuendeswa kweDigital Certificate kune imwe mudziyo

Kuendesa Digital Certificate kune mumwe mudziyo, tevera matanho ari pazasi:

1. Svika mudziyo waunoda kuendesa chitupa uye tsvaga iyo dhijitari setifiketi faira.
2. Batanidza mudziyo kwaunoda kuendesa chitupa kune yakapfuura mudziyo kuburikidza ne USB Cable kana kuburikidza neasina waya kubatana.
3. Kana zvese zvishandiso zvabatanidzwa, vhura yekutanga faira remudziyo faira uye tsvaga iyo dhijitari chitupa faira.
4. Kurudyi tinya pane chitupa faira uye sarudza iyo "Copy" sarudzo.
5. Vhura iyo faira faira pane yechipiri mudziyo uye tinya-kurudyi panzvimbo isina chinhu mukati mefolda. Tevere, sarudza iyo "Namira" sarudzo yekuendesa chitupa kune yechipiri mudziyo.

Mushure mekutamisa kwapera, ita shuwa yekudzosera chitupa kunzvimbo yakachengeteka, senge yekunze dhiraivha kana sevhisi yekuchengetedza mugore. Izvi zvinova nechokwadi chekuti une imwe kopi yechitupa kana mudziyo ukarasika kana kukuvara.

Rangarira kuti maitiro aya anogona kusiyana zvishoma zvichienderana neanoshanda sisitimu uye mudziyo unoshandiswa. Kana ukasangana nematambudziko panguva yekuita, bvunza zvinyorwa zvemudziyo kana rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi kuti uwane rumwe rubatsiro.

13. Kuchengetedza uye kuvandudzwa kweDigital Certificate: zvaunoda kuziva

Kuchengetedza uye kugadzirisa Dhijitari Sitifiketi kwakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwayo uye kuchengetedzeka. Pazasi tinokupa iwe ruzivo rwakakosha nezve maitiro aya.

1. periodic kuvandudzwa: Digital Zvitupa zvine hupenyu hunoshanda hushoma, saka zvinodikanwa kuti uvandudze ivo vasati vapera basa kudzivirira kukanganisa mukushandisa kwavo. Tarisa zuva rekupera kwechitupa chako uye woronga kuchivandudza pachine nguva.

2. Software update: Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuenderana uye kushanda zvakanaka kwechitupa, zvakakosha kuti uchengetedze software ine hukama kusvika parizvino. Tarisa kurudziro dzemupi wezvitupa zveshanduro dzichangoburwa uye zvigadziriso zviripo.

14. Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve kuisa Digital Certificate

Iwe une mibvunzo nezve maitiro ekuisa yako Digital Sitifiketi? Usanetseka, pano iwe uchawana mhinduro kumibvunzo yakajairika ine chekuita nekuiswa kwegwaro rakakosha iri. Verenga kuti uwane ruzivo rwakadzama uye runobatsira rwekugadzirisa chero matambudziko aungasangana nawo panguva yekuita.

Ndeapi marudzi ematambudziko andingasangana nawo panguva yekuiswa kweDigital Sitifiketi?

• Zvikanganiso pakurodha chitupa kubva pawebhusaiti yepamutemo
• Matambudziko ehunyanzvi paunenge uchipinza chitupa muwebhu browser
• Kusapindirana neiyo inoshanda sisitimu kana mudziyo wakashandiswa
• Wakanganwa password kana kiyi yakavanzika ine chekuita nechitupa

Ndingagadzirisa sei matambudziko aya?

Kugadzirisa matambudziko aya, tinokurudzira kutevera matanho anotevera:

1. Ita shuwa yekudhawunirodha chitupa kubva kune yepamutemo sosi uye simbisa kuti kurodha kwapera zvinobudirira.
2. Bvunza zvidzidzo uye madhairekitori ekuisa anopihwa neanopa chitupa. Izvi zviwanikwa zvinogona kukupa yakadzama uye yakananga mirairo yekuti ungapinza sei chitupa mubrowser yako.
3. Tarisa uone kuti yako yekushandisa system uye mudziyo zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvishoma zvekuisa chitupa. Zvikasadaro, iwe uchafanirwa kugadzirisa kana kuchinja iwo.
4. Kana wakanganwa password kana kiyi yakavanzika yechitupa, bata tekinoroji rutsigiro kuti ubatsirwe kudzoreredza ruzivo.

Ini ndinoda ruzivo rwepamusoro pehunyanzvi kuti ndiise Digital Sitifiketi?

Izvo hazvifanirwe kuve nyanzvi yehunyanzvi kuisa yako Digital Sitifiketi. Nekudaro, zvinokurudzirwa kuve neruzivo rwekutanga rwekuti yako web browser uye inoshanda sisitimu inoshanda sei. Kana iwe ukasangana nechero dambudziko panguva yekuisa, tinokurudzira kutsvaga rumwe ruzivo kubva kune zviwanikwa zvinopihwa neanopa chitupa kana kubata rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi kuti ubatsirwe nemunhu.

Mukupedzisa, kuisa chitupa chedhijitari inzira yakakosha yekuvimbisa chokwadi uye kuchengetedzeka mukutengeserana kwedu kwedhijitari. Muchinyorwa chino chese, takaongorora matanho anodiwa uye zvinodiwa kuti tiite iyi yekuisa.

Kubva pakugadzira chikumbiro chetifiketi kusvika pakuchipinza mubrowser inoenderana kana sisitimu yekushandisa, takatsanangura nhanho yega yega kuti tive nechokwadi chekuiswa kwakabudirira. Mukuwedzera, isu takaratidza kukosha kwekuchengetedza kiyi yakavanzika, kudzivirira kuburitswa kwayo uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza kwayo munzvimbo yakachengeteka.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti urambe uchifunga kuti kuisirwa kwedhijitari setifiketi kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana neanoshanda sisitimu uye bhurawuza rinoshandiswa. Naizvozvo, zvinokurudzirwa kutevedzera mirairo inopihwa nesangano rinoburitsa chitupa kana kubvunza anowirirana magwaro ehunyanzvi.

Kana chitupa chedhijitari chaiswa, isu tichave takagadzirira kutora mukana wakazara wezvakanaka zvazvinopa maererano nekuchengetedza uye kugona mumabasa edu emagetsi. Tichakwanisa kuwana masevhisi epamhepo nekuvimba kwakazara, kuita maitiro uye kutengeserana nenzira yakachengeteka uye yakachengetedzwa.

Muchidimbu, kuiswa kwechitupa chedhijitari inhanho yakakosha mumunda we digital security. Nekuda kwemaitiro aya, tinova nechokwadi chekuti tine chitupa chakavimbika uye chakavimbika chedhijitari, chinozotitendera kuita zviitiko zvedu zvepamhepo. nzira yakachengeteka uye kudzivirirwa.