Maitiro Ekufamba Uchienda KuFolder muLinux Terminal

Munyika yehurongwa, kugona kufamba nemaforodha pane a sisitimu yekushandisa Ndihwo hunyanzvi hwakakosha kune chero mugadziri. Munzvimbo yeLinux, izvi zvinotora zvakatonyanya kukosha, sezvo iyo terminal inova yekutanga chishandiso chekuita mirairo uye kutonga mafaera nemadhairekitori. Munyaya ino, tichaongorora nhanho nhanho nzira yekufamba nayo zvinobudirira kuburikidza nemaforodha muLinux terminal, ichiita zvakanyanya mabasa ayo uye mirayiro. Kubva pamirairo yekutanga kusvika kune anonyanya kubatsira keyboard mapfupi, isu tichaona nzira yekurerutsa uye nekumhanyisa mafambiro edu muLinux faira system. Kana iwe uchitsvaga kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwako hwekufambisa munzvimbo yeLinux, verenga kuti uzive zvese zvaunoda kuziva!

1. Nhanganyaya yekushandisa Linux Terminal

Iyo Linux Terminal chishandiso chine simba chinobvumira vashandisi kudyidzana nacho sisitimu yekushandisa uchishandisa mirairo yemavara. Kunyangwe zvingave zvichityisa kune vanotanga, kushandiswa kwayo kwakakosha kune avo vanoda kupinda munyika yeLinux uye nekuwedzera kugona kwavo nekubudirira.

Muchikamu chino, tichakuzivisa iwe kune imwe. Iwe unozodzidza izvo zvekutanga zvekufambisa maforodha, kugadzirisa mafaera, uye kuita mirairo. Isu tichakupawo nhevedzano yezvidzidzo uye matipi kuitira kuti iwe ugone kuwana zvakanyanya kunze kweichi chishandiso chine simba.

Pamusoro pezvo, isu tinokuratidza zvimwe zvezvishandiso zvinobatsira zvaunogona kushandisa muLinux Terminal. Muchinyorwa chese, iwe unowana yakajeka uye yakapfupika mienzaniso inozoshanda senhanho-ne-nhanho gwara rekugadzirisa matambudziko akajairika aungasangana nawo. Usanetseke kana iwe uri mutsva kune izvi, tichakubata neruoko kuti uve nyanzvi yekushandisa iyo Linux Terminal!

2. Kuziva chimiro chefodha muLinux

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kusiyanisa yehurongwa hwekushanda Linux isangano rayo refaira muchimiro cheiyo hierarchical folda chimiro. Ichi chimiro chakafanana nemuti, uko iyo huru folda inonzi "/" (mberi slash). Kubva pane iyi mudzi folda, mamwe maforodha uye madiki maforodha anobuda kunze, ane mafaera ehurongwa uye madhairekitori.

Kuti uzive nezve folda chimiro muLinux, zvakakosha kuziva mamwe akakosha pfungwa. Chokutanga pane zvose, pane mafaira ehurongwa, akadai se "bin", "etc", "home", "usr", pakati pevamwe. Aya maforodha ane mafaera uye madhairekitori akakosha pakushanda kweiyo inoshanda sisitimu.

Chechipiri, kune zvakare maforodha ega ega ega mushandisi. Semuenzaniso, kumushandisi "juan", folda yake yekumba iri mu "/home/juan". Apa ndipo apo mushandisi wega wega anogona kuchengeta uye kuronga mafaera avo nemadhairekitori. Pamusoro pezvo, kuwana, kuverenga nekunyora mvumo kunogona kusiyanisa pakati peakasiyana maforodha nevashandisi, ichipa kumwe kuchengetedzeka uye kuvanzika.

3. Mirairo yakakosha yekufambisa muLinux Terminal

Kana uchinge wavhura iyo Linux Terminal, zvakakosha kuziva mimwe mirairo yekutanga kuti ukwanise kuifambisa nemazvo.

1. Murairo we "ls": Uyu murairo uchakubvumidza kuti unyore mafaera nemaforodha mukati meiyo dhairekitori iripo. Iwe unogona kuwedzera iyo "-l" sarudzo kuti uwane yakadzama runyorwa, kana kushandisa "-a" kuratidzawo mafaera akavanzika. Semuenzaniso, kunyora mafaera nemaforodha mune yazvino dhairekitori zvakadzama, ingonyora "ls -l" uye wodzvanya Enter.

2. murairo we "cd": Nemurairo uyu unogona kuchinja madhairekitori. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida kuisa dhairekitori rinonzi "Documents", ingonyora "cd Documents" wodzvanya Enter. Kana iwe uchida kudzokera kune yakapfuura dhairekitori, unogona kushandisa iyo "cd .." kuraira. Usakanganwa kushandisa kiyi yeTab kuzadzisa otomatiki faira uye mazita edhairekitori!

3. "pwd" kuraira: Uyu murairo uchakuratidza nzira yakazara yedhairekitori rauri mairi izvozvi. Zvinobatsira kutarisa nzvimbo yauri kushanda. Ingonyora "pwd" uye wodzvanya Enter kuti uwane iyo yakazara nzira.

4. Manyorerwo emafaira nemaforodha muLinux Terminal

Kunyora mafaera nemaforodha muLinux Terminal, pane akati wandei sarudzo dziripo dzinokutendera kuti utarise zviri mukati medhairekitori nenzira yakajeka uye yakarongeka. Heano maitiro matatu akajairika kuita izvi:

1. “ls” rairo: Murairo we “ls” ndiwo unonyanya kushandiswa kunyora mafaera nemaforodha muLinux Terminal. Ingo nyora "ls" muTerminal uye zvirimo mudhairekitori razvino zvicharatidzwa. Kunyora zviri mukati meimwe dhairekitori, unogona kutsanangura iyo yakazara kana nzira yehukama senharo mushure me "ls." Semuenzaniso, kunyora zviri mukati medhairekitori "/ imba / mushandisi / zvinyorwa", unogona kunyora "ls / imba / mushandisi / zvinyorwa".

2. "ls -l" murairo: Kuti uwane maonero akajeka emafaira nemaforodha, unogona kushandisa "ls -l" murairo. Iyi sarudzo inoratidza rumwe ruzivo senge mvumo yefaira, muridzi, saizi, uye zuva rekugadzirisa. Semuenzaniso, nyora "ls -l" kunyora zvirimo mudhairekitori razvino uine ruzivo rwakadzama.

3. "muti" murairo: Kana iwe uchida kuratidza dhairekitori chimiro hierarchically, unogona kushandisa "muti" murairo. Uyu murairo unoratidza muti wedhairekitori unoratidza hukama pakati pemadhairekitori nemafaira ari mune imwe neimwe yadzo. Iwe unogona kuisa iyo "muti" kuraira kana isiri kuwanikwa pane yako system uchishandisa inoenderana Linux package maneja. Kana yangoiswa, ingonyora "muti" muTerminal uye yazvino dhairekitori chimiro icharatidzwa.

5. Kufamba pakati pemaforodha muLinux Terminal

MuLinux Terminal, zvinokwanisika kufamba pakati pemaforodha uchishandisa mirairo chaiyo. Pazasi pane matanho akadzama ekuita chiitiko ichi:

1. Vhura iyo Linux Terminal.
2. Kuti utarise nzvimbo iripo, nyora murairo "pwd" uye wobva wadzvanya Enter. Izvi zvinokuratidza nzira yakazara yefolda yauri mairi.
3. Kuti uone runyoro rwemafaira nemaforodha mudhairekitori razvino, shandisa murairo we "ls" uye dzvanya Enter. Izvi zvinokupa tarisiro yezviri mukati meiyo folda iripo.
4. Kuti uise imwe folda, nyora murairo "cd folder_name" uye wobva wadzvanya Enter. Iva nechokwadi chekutsiva "folder_name" nezita chairo reforodha raunoda kuwana.
5. Kana iwe uchida kudzokera kune imwe folda, shandisa murairo "cd .." uye tinya Enter. Izvi zvinokuendesa kune dhairekitori revabereki refodhi razvino.
6. Kuti udzokere kune faira yapfuura, unogona kushandisa murairo "cd -" uye shandisa Enter. Izvi zvinozokuendesa otomatiki kunzvimbo yawanga uri.

Rangarira kuti kufamba nemazvo pakati pemaforodha muLinux Terminal kwakakosha kuita mabasa akasiyana, sekutarisira mafaera uye kuita mirairo munzvimbo dzakananga. Shandisa mirairo "pwd", "ls", "cd folder_name", "cd ..", uye "cd -" kuona kuti unofamba zvakanaka kuburikidza nefaira system uye kuwana maforodha anodiwa. Dzidzira iyi mirairo uye iwe uchakurumidza kuva nyanzvi yekufambisa pakati pemaforodha muLinux Terminal!

6. Kushandisa nzira dzakakwana uye dzehama muLinux Terminal

Iyo Linux Terminal inopa kuchinjika kwekushandisa ese ari maviri makwara uye nzira dzehukama kuti uwane akasiyana madhairekitori uye mafaera muiyo inoshanda sisitimu. Nzira dzakazara tsanangura nzvimbo chaiyo kubva pafaira kana dhairekitori kubva kune system mudzi, uku nzira dzakabatana ratidza nzvimbo inoenderana nenzvimbo yemushandisi parizvino muhurongwa.

Kuti ushandise nzira yakakwana muLinux Terminal, iwe unongosanganisira iyo yakazara nzvimbo kubva kune system midzi. Somuenzaniso, kana uchida kuwana faira "documento.txt" iri mudhairekitori "/home/user/files/", unogona kushandisa nzira yakakwana "/home/user/files/document.txt". Izvi zvinovimbisa kuti iwe unosvika zvakananga kufaira, zvisinei nenzvimbo yako iripo pane system.

Nekudaro, kushandisa nzira dzakakwana kunogona kunetsa kana iwe uri munzvimbo dzakasiyana mukati meiyo system. Ndiko uko nzira dzakabatana zvinobatsira. Nzira idzi dzinotsanangurwa maererano nenzvimbo yako yazvino muhurongwa. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uri mudhairekitori "/home/user/", uye uchida kuwana "document.txt" mudhairekitori "/home/user/files/", unogona kushandisa nzira inoenderana "mafaira/gwaro." .txt ». Izvi zvinoratidza kuti faira iri mune dhairekitori inonzi "mafaira" mukati meiyo dhairekitori iripo.

Muchidimbu, zvose nzira dzakakwana senzira dzehukama maturusi akakosha muLinux Terminal. Mhedziso nzira dzinopa chaiyo uye yakananga nzira yekuwana mafaera nemadhairekitori, nepo nzira dzehukama dzichiita kuti zvive nyore kuwana kana iwe uri munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Ita shuwa kuti unonzwisisa uye kushandisa ese maviri sarudzo zvinobudirira kufamba uye kuwana izvo zvaunoda pane yako Linux system.

7. Kuwana maforodha akavanzika muLinux Terminal

Kuwana maforodha akavanzika muLinux Terminal kunogona kuve dambudziko yevashandisi newbies. Nekudaro, nematanho mashoma akareruka, unogona kuona zviri nyore uye kushandura aya maforodha. Pano tinokuratidza nhanho-ne-nhanho gwara rekuwana akavanzika mafolda muLinux Terminal.

1. Vhura hwindo reTerminal pane yako Linux kugovera. Unogona kuita izvi uchishandisa makiyi masanganiswa seCtrl + Alt + T kana nekutsvaga "terminal" mune yekutanga menyu.
2. Kana Terminal yangovhurwa, shandisa ls -a command kunyora mafaera ese nemaforodha, kusanganisira akavanzika. Mafaira akavanzika nemaforodha anozivikanwa nekutanga nedoti (semuenzaniso, .config).
3. Kuti uwane faira yakavanzika, shandisa cd murairo inoteverwa nezita refolda. Semuenzaniso, kana uchida kuwana yakavanzika ".config" forodha, waizonyora cd .config wobva wadzvanya Enter.

Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti maforodha akavanzwa ane zvakakosha mafaira ehurongwa uye zvigadziriso, saka kuchenjerera kunokurudzirwa paunenge uchiita shanduko kwavari. Rangarira kushandisa mirairo nekungwarira uye ita shuwa kuti unonzwisisa basa rayo usati waita. Ongorora uye shandura ako akavanzika maforodha muLinux Terminal nechivimbo!

8. Kugadzira nekudzima maforodha muLinux Terminal

Rimwe remabasa ekutanga aunogona kuita muLinux terminal kugadzira nekudzima maforodha. Izvi zvinokubvumira kuronga uye kutonga mafaira ako de nzira inoshanda. Pazasi pane matanho aunofanirwa kutevedzera kuti uite mabasa aya.

Zve gadzira folda muLinux terminal, shandisa murairo mkdir ichiteverwa nezita raunoda kupa kune folda. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida kugadzira folda inonzi "Documents", mhanya unotevera kuraira: mkdir Documentos. Kana iwe uchida kugadzira folda mukati meimwe, shandisa iyo sarudzo -p. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida kugadzira folda inonzi "Mapikicha" mukati me "Documents" folda, mhanyisa unotevera kuraira: mkdir -p Documentos/Fotos.

Kune rumwe rutivi, kana uchida bvisa folda muLinux terminal, shandisa murairo rm ichiteverwa nezita reforodha raunoda kudzima. Nekudaro, ramba uchifunga kuti kana folda yadzimwa, mafaera arimo haagone kudzoserwa. Kudzima folda uye zvirimo uchidzokorodza, shandisa sarudzo -r. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida kudzima iyo "Mapikicha" folda uye zvese zvirimo, mhanyisa unotevera kuraira: rm -r Fotos.

9. Kukopa nekufambisa mafaera nemaforodha muLinux Terminal

Kukopa uye kufambisa mafaera uye maforodha muLinux Terminal mabasa akajairika anogona kuitwa zviri nyore uchishandisa chaiyo mirairo. Pano tichakuratidza matanho anodiwa ekuita zviito izvi pasina matambudziko.

Kukopa faira kana folda, unofanira kushandisa murairo cp. Semuenzaniso, kana uchida kukopa faira rinonzi "file.txt" kudhairekitori rinonzi "new_directory", unongoda kumhanyisa murairo unotevera. cp file.txt new_directory/. Rangarira kuti kana iyo dhairekitori isipo, unofanira kuigadzira kare uchishandisa rairo mkdir.

Kufambisa mafaera kana maforodha, shandisa iwo murairo mv. Uyu murairo unokubvumira kutamisa faira kana folda kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe. Semuyenzaniso, kana uchida kufambisa faira “file.txt” kudhairekitori “new_directory”, unofanira kumhanyisa murairo unotevera. mv file.txt new_directory/. Ziva kuti kana iwe uchida kutumidzazve faira panguva yekufambisa, unongopa zita idzva panzvimbo yedhairekitori rekuenda.

10. Kushanda nezviratidzo zvinongedzo muLinux Terminal

Symbolic links chinhu chinobatsira muLinux Terminal chinotitendera kugadzira mapfupi kumafaira kana madhairekitori kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana mukati meiyo inoshanda sisitimu. Aya malink anogona kuve anoshanda kwazvo pakuronga uye nekukurumidza kuwana mafaera edu anonyanya kushandiswa uye maforodha. Muchikamu chino, isu tinokuratidza maitiro ekushanda nezviratidzo zvinongedzo muLinux Terminal.

Kugadzira chinongedzo chekufananidzira muTeminari, tinoshandisa murairo ln -s inoteverwa negwara rekutanga faira kana dhairekitori uye nzira yatinoda kugadzira chinongedzo. Semuenzaniso, kana tichida kugadzira chinongedzo chinonzi "link-docs" mukati me "Documents" folda inonongedza kufaira "report.pdf" riri mu "Files" folda, isu toshandisa murairo unotevera:

$ ln -s /ruta/al/archivo/informe.pdf /ruta/a/Documentos/enlace-docs

Kana iyo yekufananidzira link yagadzirwa, tinogona kuiwana kubva munzira yakatarwa, sekunge yaive yekutanga faira kana dhairekitori. Izvi zvinotitendera kuti tive nemapfupi kune akakosha mafaera kana maforodha munzvimbo dzakasiyana, tisingaite kuatevedzera. Pamusoro pezvo, kana iyo yekutanga faira kana dhairekitori rikafambiswa kana kutumidzwa zita, chinongedzo chinongedzo chicharamba chichishanda nemazvo sezvo chakabatana nenzira, kwete iyo faira pachayo.

11. Kushandisa zvidimburiso zvekufamba zvakanaka muLinux Terminal

Iyo Linux Terminal chishandiso chine simba uye chinogoneka chinobvumira vashandisi kudyidzana neiyo inoshanda sisitimu zvakanaka. Imwe nzira yekuwedzera chibereko kana uchishandisa Terminal kutora mukana weanowanikwa mapfupi ekufambisa.

Kune akati wandei mapfupi anogona kuita kuti kufamba muLinux Terminal kuve nyore. Imwe yeanonyanya kubatsira mapfupi kushandisa iyo Tab kiyi kune auto-izere mirairo uye mafaera nzira. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uri mu "Documents" dhairekitori uye iwe uchida kuwana kune faira yakanzi "report.txt", unogona kungonyora "cd Docume" wodzvanya kiyi yeTab kuti upedze zita redhairekitori. Iyi ficha inonyanya kubatsira kana uchishanda nemazita akareba kana akaomarara emafaira.

Imwe nzira yekudimbudzira ndeye kushandisa iyo yekuraira nhoroondo makiyi ekufambisa. Nekudzvanya museve wekumusoro, unogona kukurumidza kuwana mirairo yapfuura iwe yawakashandisa muTerminal. Pamusoro pezvo, unogona kushandisa pasi makiyi ekufambisa kuti upururudze kuburikidza nenhoroondo yako yekuraira. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti ushandise zvakare mirairo yapfuura pasina kuanyora zvakare kubva pakutanga.

12. Kushandisa mafirita uye kutsvaga kwepamusoro muLinux Terminal

Iyo Linux Terminal chishandiso chine simba chinotibvumira kudyidzana neiyo inoshanda sisitimu kuburikidza nemirairo. Imwe yeanonyanya kubatsira maficha eiyo Terminal kugona kushandisa mafirita uye kuita tsvakiridzo yepamusoro pane zvawanikwa. Izvi zvinotitendera kuti tikurumidze kuwana ruzivo rwatinoda kana kusefa mibairo kuti tiwane chete zvatinofarira.

Kuisa mafirita muLinux Terminal, tinogona kushandisa mirairo senge grep y sed. Iyi mirairo inotitendera kutsvaga zvinyorwa mukati memafaira kana madhairekitori. Semuenzaniso, kana tichida kuwana mitsetse yese mufaira rine izwi rekuti "kukanganisa", tinogona kushandisa murairo unotevera:

grep "error" archivo.txt

Uyezve, tinogona kusanganisa mirairo yakawanda tichishandisa pombi opareta (|) kushandisa mafirita akawanda akatevedzana. Semuenzaniso, kana tichida kutsvaga mitsetse yese mufaira rine izwi rekuti "error" tozotsiva izwi iro ne "yambiro", tinogona kushandisa mirairo inotevera:

grep "error" archivo.txt | sed 's/error/warning/g'

13. Nzira yekufambisa sei munguva chaiyo muLinux Terminal

Kufamba munguva chaiyo MuLinux Terminal, kune mirairo yakasiyana uye zvishandiso zvinofambisa maitiro aya. Pazasi pane matanho ekutevera kuita izvi:

1. Shandisa murairo we "muswe".: Uyu murairo unokubvumira kuti uone mitsetse yekupedzisira yefaira regi kana kupinda munguva chaiyo. Kuti tiite izvi, isu tinongofanidza kutsanangura iyo faira yatinoda kutevera uye nhamba yemitsara yatinoda kuona munguva chaiyo. Semuenzaniso, kana isu tichida kuteedzera system yekukanganisa log file, tinogona kushandisa unotevera kuraira: tail -f /var/log/syslog.

2. Shandisa murairo "mushoma".: Ichi chishandiso chinobatsira kwazvo pakutsvaga uye kuongorora mahombe elog mafaira. Kana faira ravhurika muTeminari, tinokwanisa kufamba tichikwira nekudzika tichishandisa makiyi emiseve pane keyboard. Pamusoro pezvo, tinogona kutsvaga mazwi akakosha nekudzvanya "/" ichiteverwa nezwi ratiri kuda kutsvaga. Kuti tienderere mberi kumutambo unotevera, tinongodzvanya "n", tichidzokera kumashure, tinoshandisa "N" kiyi. Kuti tibudise "zvishoma" chishandiso, tinogona kudzvanya "q" kiyi.

3. Shandisa "watch" tool: Ichi chishandiso chinotibvumira kuita murairo mukati nguva nenguva uye ona zvaunoburitsa munguva chaiyo. Somuenzaniso, kana tichida kuona kushandiswa yeCPU masekondi maviri ese, tinogona kushandisa murairo unotevera: watch -n 2 "cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'cpu MHz'". Saka, masekondi maviri ega ega iyo yakagadziridzwa yakabuda yekuraira icharatidzwa, iyo inobatsira pakutarisa inogara ichichinja.

14. Pfupiso uye matipi ekufambisa kunoshanda muLinux Terminal

Heino pfupiso yematipi uye matekiniki ekuvandudza yako yekubhurawuza ruzivo muLinux Terminal:

1. Shandisa mirairo yekufambisa: Zvijaire nemirairo yekufambisa yakaita se cd kuchinja madhairekitori, ls kuratidza zviri mukati medhairekitori, uye pwd kuratidza nzira yedhairekitori iripo.

2. Shandisa nzira dzekushandisa kiibhodhi: Iyo Linux Terminal inopa akasiyana kiibhodhi mapfupi anozokubatsira kuti unyatsoita. Somuenzaniso, unogona kushandisa Ctrl + L kuchenesa skrini, Ctrl + C kumisa kuitwa kwechirongwa, uye Tab kuzadzisa otomatiki mirairo nemazita emafaira.

3. Gadzirisa chikumbiro chako: Kugadzirisa yako Terminal kukurumidza haingobvumiri iwe kugadzirisa chitarisiko, asi zvakare wedzera ruzivo runobatsira. Iwe unogona kuwedzera iro razvino dhairekitori zita, ruzivo rwemushandisi, kana kunyange nguva iripo. Izvi zvinokutendera iwe kuti uve nani kuoneka uye kutonga paunenge uchifamba muiyo Terminal.

Mukupedzisa, mune ino chinyorwa takaongorora nzira yekufambisa kuenda kune folda mune Linux terminal. Tadzidza kuti iyo "cd" yekuraira ndiyo kiyi yekufambisa kune akasiyana madhairekitori uye kuti "ls" inotibvumira kuona zviri mufolda. Pamusoro pezvo, isu takawana mamwe mapfupi anobatsira senge "cd ~" kuenda kune mushandisi folda yekumba. Isu takadzidzawo mashandisiro emakiyi etabhu kupedzisa faira nemazita emafolda, izvo zvinomhanyisa maitiro ekufambisa.

Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chave chichibatsira uye chakupa ruzivo rwunodiwa kuti ufambe zviri nyore kuLinux faira system uchishandisa terminal. Kunyatso fambisa maforodha inyanzvi yakakosha kune chero mushandisi weLinux uye inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwako. Ramba uchidzidzira uye uchiongorora akasiyana mirairo uye matekiniki ekuita zvakanyanya hunyanzvi hwese hunopihwa neLinux terminal. Rombo rakanaka pane yako inotevera Linux yekubhurawuza adventures!