Nzira Yemberi-Uchapupu PC Yako: Chii chinonzi Quantum Dziviriro?

Nekuuya kwe quantum computa, tiri pamberi rimwe rematambudziko makuru ekuchengetedza ruzivo munhoroondo yese. Kana zvisati zvakwana kushandisa algorithms izvo zvaisakwanisika kutsanangura uchishandisa yechinyakare komputa, ikozvino mamiriro achinja zvakanyanya. quantum protection Inobuda senhoo nyowani inokwanisa kuchengetedza data redu, kutengeserana, uye kutaurirana kubva kuquantum supercomputers iyo inogona kupa classical masisitimu asingabatsiri.

Muchinyorwa chino, iwe uchaona kuti quantum dziviriro chii, nei zvakakosha kuti uzvinzwisise nhasi, uye kuti zvichakanganisa sei nzira iyo ruzivo rwunochengetwa rwakachengeteka kune vanhu, mabhizinesi, uye masangano everuzhinji zvakafanana.

Chii chinonzi quantum shielding uye nei ichikosha?

La quantum protection, inozivikanwawo se quantum chengetedzo, inosanganisira seti yetekinoroji uye mazano anonangwa Chengetedza kuvanzika, kutendeseka, uye kuwanikwa kweruzivo munyika ine quantum makomputa aripo.

Zvinofanirwa kujekeswa kuti njodzi haisi yekufungidzira: quantum computing iri kufambira mberi nekukurumidza uye, kana yasvika pakukura kwekutengesa, ichave iine. yakakura kudaro computing kugona kuti ichakwanisa pwanya iyo huru cryptographic algorithms kuti nhasi vanoshandisa Internet, makambani, States uye kunyange yemagetsi DNI.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti nzira dzechinyakare dzekunyorera, zvisinei kuti dzine simba sei, dzichava panjodzi. Ndicho chikonzero quantum protection Inozvimisikidza seyebhenji nyowani, ichishandisa misimboti yehuwandu hwefizikisi kuvandudza chengetedzo yedata uye kugadzira maalgorithms anoramba kurwiswa kubva kuquantum supercomputers.

Makiyi ekudzivirira kwehuwandu haangori mumhando yealgorithms yaanoshandisa, asiwo mune makiyi ekuvharisa uye decrypt ruzivo anogovaniswa uye anogadziriswa.Nzira dzepamusoro-soro dzinobatanidza quantum cryptography (yakavakirwa pahuwandu hwefizikisi pachayo) uye post-quantum cryptography (algorithms yakagadzirirwa kutsungirira kunyange ane simba kwazvo quantum makomputa).

Ndezvipi zvityisidziro izvo quantum computing inounza kune kuchengetedzeka kwedhijitari?

Kuti unzwisise kuti nei tichitaura zvakanyanya nezve quantum kudzivirira, unofanira kutanga wanzwisisa Kuti quantum computing inotyisidzira sei kuchengetedza sezvatinoziva. Quantum makomputa, kusiyana neaya echinyakare, haashande nemabits anogona kungova 0 kana 1, asi aine qubits iyo inogona kunge iri mumatunhu ese ari maviri panguva imwe chete (nekuda kwe quantum superposition).

Iyi ficha inoita mamwe mashemesheni ekuita, ayo aimbove asingagoneki kana kuti aidiwa mazana emakore nemakomputa emhando yepamusoro, anogoneka mumaminetsi kana maawa. Muenzaniso wekongiri ndeye Shor's algorithm, izvo zvingabvumira quantum komputa kuti iparadze nhamba dzakakura kwazvo kuita zvinhu zvakakosha ipapo ipapo, zvichibvisa kuchengetedzeka kwemasisitimu akadai RSA o ECC (elliptic curve cryptography).

Mibairo yekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji iyi yakakura:

• Ngozi kumakiyi eruzhinji neakavanzika: Yazvino encryption masisitimu, akadai seaya anodzivirira mabhangi uye email, angave ari panjodzi.
• Kurasikirwa kwekuvanzika: Data yakachengetedzwa nhasi inogona kufumurwa mangwana kana mumwe munhu akaichengeta akamirira kuti ave nesimba rakakwana rekuipwanya ("chitoro izvozvi, decrypt gare gare" kurwisa).
• Mamwe ma cyberattacks akaomesesa: Cybercriminals uye nyika dzichava nemidziyo mitsva yekurwisa zvakakosha.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Kunetsekana kwakazara: Bitcoin inotambura yekutanga quantum kurwiswa munhoroondo

Nheyo uye zvakakosha zve quantum cryptography

Pamwoyo wequantum protection ndiyo quantum cryptography, iyo isina kubva pakufungidzira kuti dambudziko remasvomhu rakaoma, asi pakushandisa zvakananga mitemo ye quantum mechanics. Pane akati wandei mamisimboti ari kutamba, ayo anopa chengetedzo isingaputsike.

• Kubatana: Zvimedu zvakaita semafotoni zvinogona kuva mumatunhu akati wandei panguva imwe chete (0 uye 1 panguva imwe chete).
• Quantum kupindirwa: Zvimedu zviviri zvakakanyiwa zvinogona kushandura mamiriro avo ipapo kana imwe ikayerwa, zvisinei nedaro riri pakati pawo.
• Heisenberg kusava nechokwadi musimbotiHazvibviri kuyera quantum system pasina kuikanganisa; chero kuedza kuteerera pakiyi ye quantum kunosiya mucherechedzo uye kunogona kuonekwa.

Aya misimboti yemuviri inobvumira kuvakwa kweakakosha ekutapurirana zvirongwa uko chero kupindira kunoonekwa nekukurumidza. Iyo yakanyanya kupararira application ndeye quantum kiyi kugovera (QKD), inova mbiru huru yezvino quantum cryptography.

Ko quantum kiyi yekugovera (QKD) inoshanda sei?

La QKD Inzira yeshanduko yekugadzira nekugovana kiyi yakavanzika pakati pemapato maviri (semuenzaniso Alice naBob) vachishandisa polarized photonsKiyi inogona kuverengerwa nemazvo chete nemugamuchiri, sezvo chero kuedza kwekubata kunoshandura quantum nyika dzemafotoni, zvichiratidza kupindira.

Yekutanga inozivikanwa zvakanyanya QKD protocol ndeye BB84, yakagadzirwa muna 1984 naCharles Bennett naGilles Brassard. Inoshanda seizvi:

1. Alice anotumira polarized photons (imwe neimwe inogona kumiririra 0 kana 1, zvichienderana nekwairi kuita) kuna Bob kuburikidza yakachengeteka yekuona chiteshi, kazhinji fiber optics.
2. Bob anoyera mafotoni nemafirita asina kujairika, uye obva aenzanisa (kuburikidza nechiteshi cheruzhinji) maitiro anoshandiswa.
3. Vanongochengeta zvimedu (zviyero) zvinoenderana nemakesi apo vese vakashandisa maitiro akafanana; uyu ndiwo musimboti wekiyi yakavanzika yakagovaniswa.

Imwe tsvakiridzo yakakosha ndeye protocol E91, naArtur Ekert, iyo yakavakirwa pahuwandu hwekunamatira kuti uwedzere kusimbisa chengetedzo kurwisa chero rudzi rweespionage.

Zvakanakira uye zvakaipira zvequantum dziviriro maringe neklasscal cryptography

La quantum cryptography Inopa nhevedzano yemabhenefiti akasiyana pane echinyakare nzira:

• Kuchengeteka kusingaverengeki: yakavakirwa pamitemo yefizikisi, kwete pafungidziro dzemasvomhu.
• Kuonekwa kwepakati: Chero kuedza kweespionage kunoonekwa nenzira isingadzivisiki nekuda kwekushandurwa kwequbits.
• Kupokana kune quantum computing: Nzira dzemazuva ano dzehuwandu hazvigone kuputswa nemakomputa ehuwandu, kusiyana neklasscal cryptography.

Zvakaipa zvayo zvinosanganisira:

• Zvinhambwe zvishoma: Mapikicha anoshatisa mumatambo akareba-akareba, kunyange zvazvo ma satellite uye anodzokorora ari kufambira mberi nokukurumidza.
• Mari yakakwira: Kuita maQKD masisitimu kunoda kuisirwa mari mumidziyo yakasarudzika uye zvivakwa zvichiri kugadzira.
• matambudziko anoshanda: Theoretical chengetedzo inogona kuve nekusagadzikana mumidziyo chaiyo uye zvigadziriso.

Mhando uye maprotocol mukati me quantum kudzivirira

Munda unosanganisira nzira dzakasiyana, imwe neimwe ichitarisa pane akasiyana maficha ekutaurirana uye kuchengetedza:

• Quantum Key Distribution (QKD): kuchinjana zvakachengeteka makiyi akavanzika.
• Quantum mari: maitiro ekuedza ekubvumirana uye kutendeseka pakati pemapato asina kuvimbika.
• Quantum digital siginecha: kuratidza huchokwadi hwemeseji uye kutengeserana.
• Mamwe maprotocol: Quantum Oblivious Transfer, nzvimbo-based systems uye mamwe maedzo epamusoro mu cryptology.

Shandisa makesi uye mashandisiro anoshanda ekudzivirira kwequantum

Zvikumbiro zve quantum protection Izvo zvatove zvechokwadi muzvikamu zvakawanda, zvese zveveruzhinji uye zvakavanzika:

• Hurumende nedziviriro: kuchengetedzwa kweruzivo rwakasarudzika uye masisitimu akakosha.
• Mari nemabhangi: kutumirwa kwakachengeteka kwedata rakavanzika uye kutengeserana kwakadzama.
• Zvivakwa zvakakosha: magetsi emagetsi, hutano uye nharembozha dzisingakwanisi kubhadhara ruzivo.
• Quantum kutaurirana network: mapurojekiti akadai seChinese satellite Micius uye network muEurope neAmerica.
• Kuchengetedzwa kwesarudzo: Kuedzwa musarudzo dzemanisipala muSwitzerland kuti ive pachena uye kuvimbika.

Mienzaniso iyi inoratidza izvozvo Quantum cryptography yatove chokwadi chiri kuwedzera uye kwete chivimbiso chemangwana.Makambani nehurumende vari kuisa mari muhunyanzvi uhu kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha zvedhijitari.

Matambudziko ehunyanzvi uye zvipingamupinyi kune quantum dziviriro

Kutorwa kwevana kwakapararira kunotarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvakadai se:

• Mamiriro ezvinhu: QKD masisitimu yekuvhara kuburikidza neoptical fiber ichiri kushoma, kunyangwe setiraiti uye vanodzokorora vari kuvandudza mamiriro aya.
• Kubatanidzwa: Kubatanidza hutsva hwe quantum tekinoroji nehurongwa huripo hunoda shanduko dzakaoma uye kubatana kwenyika.
• High cost: Zvishandiso zvehunyanzvi zvichiri kumiririra kukosha kwekudyara kumasangano mazhinji.
• Hardware kuvandudzaZvishandiso zveQuantum zvinoda kunyatsojeka uye kugadzikana, uye zvichiri muchikamu chekusimudzira.
• Kuchinja mitemo: Zviyero nemaprotocol zvichiri kuvandudzwa, uye mutemo wepasi rose hausati wanyatsotsanangurwa.

Shanduko kune quantum kudzivirira: maitiro ekugadzirira

La kuchinjika kune quantum chengetedzo Yakatotanga muzvikamu zvakakosha uye makambani anotungamira akadai seIBM, Google, uye Apple. Zvinokurudzirwa kutevera matanho aya:

• Ongorora njodzi dzehuwandu: Ziva kuti ndeapi data uye masisitimu anoda kuchengetedzwa kwenguva refu.
• Inventory iyo cryptographic infrastructure: Ongorora kuti ndeapi maprotocol azvino anoda kuvandudzwa kuti arambe quantum kurwiswa.
• Shandisa post-quantum algorithms: zvishoma nezvishoma famba uchienda kune zvigadziriso zvinoramba kurwiswa mune ramangwana.
• Kudzidziswa mu quantum tekinoroji: dzidzisa vashandi vehunyanzvi uye vane hunyanzvi hwekuchinja kwakanaka.
• Gadzirisa mhinduro dzakasanganiswa: shandisa musanganiswa we classical uye quantum cryptography panguva yekuchinja.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uite chiito nekukurumidza, nekuti kana quantum makomputa aunza kutyisidzira chaiko, kutama kunenge kwakanyanya kuoma uye kudhura.

Kubudirira kukuru uye zviyero zve quantum kudzivirira

Ramangwana riri mukugadzira zviyero zvakasimba uye kukurudzira kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika, nemasangano akaita se NETKufambira mberi kwakakosha kwaitwa, kwakadai se:

• Kusarudzwa uye kuyedzwa kwe post-quantum algorithms izvo zvinogona kuve zvinosungirwa kuchengetedza ruzivo rwakakosha.
• Iko kuvandudzwa kwe QKD zvivakwa zvekutengesa mumatekisheni ekuedza uye munzvimbo chaidzo.
• Initiatives senge Quantum Safe Financial Forum (QSFF), pamwe nekubatana nemabhangi uye masangano emari kuvandudza kuchengetedzwa.
• Kuzvipira kwemakambani ekufonera, Cloud services, uye akakosha masisitimu network.

Iyo ramangwana rekuchengetedzwa kwehuwandu uye cybersecurity

Kufambira mberi mu quantum computing inomiririra mukana wekutsanangura patsva chengetedzo yedhijitari, kwete kungonetsa. Matanho anotevera, nekubatana kwenyika dzese pakuedza, zviyero, uye kutumirwa, zvinounza pedyo nguva iyo cryptography ichave yakachengeteka semitemo yepanyama inoitsigira.

La quantum protection Iri kubuda sechinhu chakakosha mukuchengetedza data redu, kutaurirana, uye midziyo yedhijitari munguva iyo fizikisi nemasvomhu zvinoshanda pamwe chete kuvaka nharaunda yakachengeteka.

Daniel Terrasa

Mharidzo inyanzvi mune tekinoroji uye internet nyaya ine anopfuura makore gumi echiitiko mune akasiyana dhijitari media. Ndakashanda semupepeti uye mugadziri wezvemukati we e-commerce, kutaurirana, online kushambadzira uye kushambadzira makambani. Ndanyorawo pane zvehupfumi, mari uye mamwe masekete mawebhusaiti. Basa rangu ndirowo shungu dzangu. Zvino, kuburikidza nezvinyorwa zvangu mu Tecnobits, Ndinoedza kuongorora nhau dzose nemikana mitsva iyo nyika yetekinoroji inotipa zuva rega rega kuvandudza hupenyu hwedu.