Nzira yekuziva sei IP yeSevha

Munguva yedhijitari Munyika yatinogara, kuziva iyo IP kero yeseva kwave kwakakosha pakushanda kwakanaka kwematiweki edu nemakomputa masisitimu. Zvingave zvekuchengetedza, kugadzirisa matambudziko, kana kuda kungoziva, kuziva nzira yekuwana server's IP ndiyo yakakosha hunyanzvi hunyanzvi kune chero nyanzvi yeIT. Muchinyorwa chino, isu tichaongorora akasiyana maitiro uye maturusi aripo ekutsvaga sevha IP kero uye kunzwisisa kukosha kwayo munyika yakakura yetekinoroji. Kunyangwe iwe uri ane ruzivo system maneja kana anofarira komputa, izvi zvirimo zvichakubatsira iwe kuburitsa zvakavanzika kuseri kweacronym "IP"!

1. Nhanganyaya yekuziva IP yeserver

Kuziva IP yeseva inhanho yakakosha mukugadziriswa kwetiweki uye manejimendi maitiro. IP (Internet Protocol) ikero yakasarudzika yakapihwa kune yega yega yakabatana kune network, uye inobvumira kutaurirana pakati pemasevha akasiyana nemidziyo. Kuziva IP yeseva, kune nzira dzakasiyana uye zvishandiso zvinogona kushandiswa kuwana ruzivo urwu nenzira kwayo uye nekukurumidza.

Imwe yedzakareruka nzira yekuziva sevha IP ndeye kushandisa iyo "ping" yekuraira pamutsetse wekuraira. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutumira data packet kukero yeserver uye kumirira mhinduro. Iyo "ping" yekuraira inopawo ruzivo nezve latency uye yekupindura nguva yeserver. Imwe nzira inowanzo shandiswa ndeye kushandisa yekuraira mutsara chishandiso senge "ifconfig" paLinux masisitimu kana "ipconfig" paWindows masisitimu kuti uwane server's IP kero munharaunda.

Pamusoro pemirairo yemutsetse wemirairo, kune zvakare akawanda echitatu-bato maturusi anowanikwa online anogona kubatsira mukuziva iyo IP yeseva. Maturusi aya anowanzo kuve nyore kushandisa uye anopa rumwe ruzivo, senge nzvimbo yesevha uye yako Internet Service Provider (ISP). Zvimwe zvezvishandiso izvi zvinopawo kugona kuita bvunzo dzekubatanidza uye kuongorora zvinogona kuitika kunetiweki matambudziko.

2. Chii chinonzi IP uye nei chakakosha mumaseva

IP kero, acronym yeInternet Protocol, inhamba yenhamba inopihwa kune yega yega mudziyo wakabatana netiweki, ingave yemuno kana yepasirese. Chaizvoizvo inoshanda seyakasarudzika ID yemudziyo paInternet. IP kero ine mapoka mana enhamba dzakapatsanurwa nenguva, semuenzaniso, 192.168.0.1.

Kukosha kweIPs mumaseva kuri mukuti ivo vanobvumira kutaurirana pakati zvishandiso zvakasiyana pane network. Kana mudziyo ukabatana nesevha, unopihwa IP kero kuti ikwanise kutumira uye kugamuchira data. Iyi kero inogona kunge yakamira, kureva, zvachose kune imwe mudziyo, kana dynamic, mune iyo mamiriro inogona kuchinja nguva imwe neimwe iyo mudziyo unotangwazve.

IPs yakakosha pakushanda kwemaseva, sezvo ichibvumira kuzivikanwa uye nzvimbo yemidziyo pane network. Pamusoro pezvo, IP kero dzinoshandiswawo kufambisa data pakati pemidziyo yakasiyana pane network. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti IP magadzirirwo akarurama uye anotarisirwa zvakanaka munzvimbo yeseva kuti ive nechokwadi chekutaurirana kwakanaka uye kwakanaka.

3. Nzira dzekutarisa IP ye server

Pane nzira dzinoverengeka dzinogona kushandiswa kuona IP kero ye server. Pazasi pane matatu enzira dzakajairika:

1. Shandisa murairo we "ping": Iyi nzira inosanganisira kushandisa "ping" murairo pamutsara wekuraira we sisitimu yekushandisa. Iwe unongofanirwa kuvhura hwindo rekuraira uye nyora "ping" ichiteverwa nezita reseva ine IP yaunoda kuziva. Uyu murairo unotumira chikumbiro kune server uye ugamuchire mhinduro iyo inosanganisira iyo IP kero. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti nzira iyi inoshanda chete kana sevha inopindura zvikumbiro zveping.

2. Tarisa DNS zvinyorwa: DNS zvinyorwa zviri dhatabhesi iyo ine kunyorerana pakati pemazita emadomasi neayo akabatana IP kero. Kuti ushandise nzira iyi, unogona kushandisa online turusi inobvumira reverse DNS mibvunzo. Ingo pinza zita reseva uye chishandiso chinoratidza IP kero yakabatana nezita iroro.

3. Shandisa IP resolution software: Kune akasiyana maapplication uye zvirongwa zvinokutendera iwe kugadzirisa IP kero ye server. Zvishandiso izvi zvinoshanda nekubvunza maDNS maseva uye kuratidza zvawanikwa. Zvimwe zvezvishandiso izvi zvinokutendera kuti uite reverse DNS mibvunzo uye kuratidza rumwe ruzivo, senge nzvimbo yeserver.

Neidzi nzira zvinokwanisika kuona iyo IP kero ye server zvinobudirira. Kunyangwe uchishandisa iyo "ping" kuraira, kubvunza DNS marekodhi kana kushandisa hunyanzvi maturusi, unogona kuwana ruzivo rwunodiwa kumisikidza chinongedzo neserver yaunoda. Rangarira kuti zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti unoshandisa nzira dzakavimbika uye dzakachengeteka kuita iyi mibvunzo.

4. Kushandisa "ping" murairo kuziva IP yevhavha

Murairo we "ping" chishandiso chinobatsira kuwana IP kero yeseva. Izvi zvinogona kunyanya kubatsira kana iwe uchida kumisikidza chinongedzo kune chaiyo server. Pazasi pane matanho anodiwa ekushandisa iyo "ping" kuraira uye kuwana IP yeseva:

1. Vhura chirevo chekuraira: MuWindows, shandisa kiyi ye "Windows + R" kuti uzarure hwindo reRun, wobva wanyora "cmd" uye wobva wadzvanya Enter. Pane macOS kana Linux, vhura Terminal kubva kuApplications folda kana kushandisa "Ctrl + Alt + T" keyboard shortcut.

2. Nyora murairo "ping" uchiteverwa nezita reimba ye server: Somuenzaniso, kana uchida kuziva IP yeGoogle server, unofanira kunyora "ping www.google.com." Izvi zvinotumira chikumbiro kune server uye iwe uchagamuchira mhinduro iyo inosanganisira iyo IP kero.

3. Tarisa mhinduro ye "ping" murairo: Mushure mekuita murairo, iwe uchaona nhevedzano yemigumisiro. Teerera kumutsara unoti "Pindura kubva" kana "Pindura kubva" inoteverwa nekero yeIP. Iyi ichave iyo IP kero yeserver yawakatumira chikumbiro.

Uchishandisa iyo "ping" kuraira neiyi nzira, iwe unozogona kuwana iyo IP kero yechero server yaunoda kubatana nayo. Rangarira kuti uyu murairo unoshanda chete kana sevha ine mhinduro kune "ping" zvikumbiro zvinogoneswa. Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa yekuwedzera ping yekuraira sarudzo kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, senge yekukumbira nguva yekupindura uye nhamba yemapaketi akatumirwa.

5. Raira maturusi emutsara kuti uwane IP yeseva

Kuti uwane iyo IP kero ye server uchishandisa mutsara wekuraira, kune akati wandei maturusi anogona kubatsira zvakanyanya. Zvitatu zvezvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zvichatsanangurwa pazasi:

1. "ping" kuraira: Iyo ping command isarudzo huru yekutarisa kubatana uye kuwana iyo IP kero ye server. Ingovhura hwindo rekuraira uye nyora "ping" inoteverwa nezita rezita kana IP kero yeseva. Mhanya murairo uye iwe unogona kuona IP kero mumhinduro yakagamuchirwa. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo ping command inokuratidza zvakare latency uye packet kurasikirwa ruzivo, izvo zvinogona kubatsira pakuongorora matambudziko etiweki.

2. "nslookup" kuraira: Iyo nslookup command ndechimwe chishandiso chinobatsira kuwana iyo IP kero yeseva. Sezvakaita ping command, vhura hwindo rekuraira uye nyora "nslookup" inoteverwa nezita rezita kana IP kero yeseva. Kana iwe waita murairo, iwe uchagamuchira IP kero yakabatana neyakabvunzwa server. Pamusoro pezvo, nslookup inokuratidzawo ruzivo rwakadai sezita nekero yeDNS maseva anoshandiswa.

3. Traceroute chishandiso: Iyo traceroute command inobvumidza iwe kuteedzera nzira iyo data packet inotora kubva pakombuta yako kuenda kune yekuenda server. Kunyangwe basa rayo rekutanga kusiri kuwana IP kero, inogona kushandiswa kutsvaga iyo yepakati hops panofamba chikumbiro chako. Kuti uishandise, ingovhura hwindo rekuraira uye nyora "traceroute" inoteverwa nezita rezita kana IP kero yeseva. Mhanya murairo uye iwe uchakwanisa kuona rondedzero ye IP kero inoenderana nehop yega yega munzira.

6. Kuwana IP kero kuburikidza ne server network marongero

Kuti uwane iyo IP kero kuburikidza nesevha network marongero, kune akati wandei nzira dziripo. A inobva yapihwa nhanho nhanho Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri:

1. Svika sevha kuburikidza nekubatanidza kure kana kwepanyama.
2. Svika kunetiweki zvigadziriso zvesevha. Izvi Zvinogona kuitwa kuburikidza nehutungamiri yehurongwa hwekushanda kana kuburikidza netiweki manejimendi chishandiso.
3. Mune zvigadziriso zvenetiweki, tsvaga chikamu chinoratidza sevha IP kero ruzivo. Ichi chikamu chinogona kusiyana zvichienderana neanoshanda sisitimu kana yekushandisa yekushandisa.
4. Kana iyo IP kero chikamu chawanikwa, kero yakagoverwa kune server icharatidzwa. Somuenzaniso, unogona kuona chinhu chakadaro 192.168.1.100.
5. Cherekedza pasi kero yeIP yeseva kuti ugozoishandisa.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti matanho ari pamusoro anogona kusiyana zvichienderana neiyo chaiyo server kumisikidzwa uye inoshanda sisitimu inoshandiswa. Naizvozvo, zvinokurudzirwa kuti utarise iyo inoshanda sisitimu zvinyorwa kana kutsvaga chaiwo tutorials kuti uwane yakanyatsojeka uye yakadzama nhungamiro.

Kana iwe uchinetseka kuwana sevha IP kero, kune zvishandiso zviripo online izvo zvinogona kuita kuti maitiro ave nyore. Zvimwe zvezvishandiso izvi zvinokutendera kuti utarise network yezvishandiso uye kuratidza IP kero yakapihwa kune yega yega mudziyo inowanikwa. Zvishandiso izvi zvinogona kubatsira kunyanya pamanetiweki akakura uko zvinogona kunetsa kuwana nemaoko kero yeIP yeseva.

7. Kushandisa online masevhisi kuwana IP ye server

Kuti uwane iyo IP kero yeserver, kune akasiyana masevhisi epamhepo anopa iyi mashandiro nekukurumidza uye nyore. Aya masevhisi anonyanya kubatsira kana iwe uchida kuwana ruzivo nezve iri kure sevha pasina kudiwa kwekuiwana chaiko.

Imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa masevhisi ekutsvaga IP yeseva ndeye "Chii Chiri IP Kero Yangu", iyo inokutendera iwe kuti uwane iyo yeruzhinji IP kero yeserver. Kuti ushandise sevhisi iyi, unongofanirwa kuwana webhusaiti yayo uye iyo IP kero icharatidzwa pachiratidziro chikuru. Izvo zvakare zvinogoneka kuwana rumwe ruzivo, senge ISP nenzvimbo yenzvimbo yeserver.

Imwe sevhisi inobatsira ndeye "Ping", iyo inokutendera kuti utarise kubatana pakati pechishandiso chako neseva. Kuti uishandise, iwe unofanirwa kuisa zita rezita kana IP kero ye server mundima inoenderana, uye tinya "Ping." Mhedzisiro icharatidza IP kero yeseva uye nguva yayakatora kupindura kuchikumbiro cheping. Izvi zvinokupa iwe pfungwa yekukurumidza sei sevha uye kana paine nyaya dzenetiweki.

8. Nzira yekuwana sei IP yevhavha munzvimbo dzomukati dzomukati

Mukati metiweki nharaunda, ungangoda kutsvaga IP kero ye server kuti ugadzirise zvakanaka network yako kana kugadzirisa matambudziko yekubatanidza. Pano tichakuratidza kuti ungazviita sei:

1. Vhura chirevo chekuraira pakombuta yako. Iwe unogona kuita izvi nekutsvaga "cmd" mune yekutanga menyu.
2. Kana wangovhura, nyora murairo "ipconfig" uye tinya Enter. Izvi zvinokuratidza rondedzero yetiweki adapter uye yavo IP kero.
3. Tsvaga network adapta inoenderana neserver yaunoda kuwana. Inogona kuva Ethernet, Wi-Fi kana zvimwe.
4. Mune ruzivo rwakaratidzwa, tsvaga "IPv4 Kero" ndima. Iyi ndiyo IP kero yeserver pane network yemukati.

Kana uri kushandisa sisitimu yekushandisa zvichibva paUnix, seLinux kana macOS, unogona kutevedzera aya matanho:

1. Vhura iyo terminal pakombuta yako.
2. Nyora murairo "ifconfig" uye wobva wadzvanya Enter. Izvi zvinokuratidza rondedzero yetiweki adapter uye yavo IP kero.
3. Tsvaga network adapta inoenderana neserver yaunoda kuwana. Inogona kuva eth0, wlan0 kana imwe.
4. Mune ruzivo rwakaratidzwa, tsvaga "inet" kana "inet adder" ndima. Iyi ndiyo IP kero yeserver pane network yemukati.

Zvino zvawawana sevha yeIP kero mukati metiweki nharaunda, unogona kushandisa ruzivo urwu kugadzirisa network yako nemazvo kana kugadzirisa chero nyaya dzekubatanidza dzaungave uri kusangana nazvo. Rangarira kuti kero dzeIP dzinogona kuchinja kana network network ikashandurwa kana sevha yatangwazve, saka zvakakosha kuti utarise nguva nenguva.

9. Kutsvaga IP ye server kuburikidza neDNS zvinyorwa

Iri ibasa rinowanzoitwa mumunda we network management. Patinenge tichida kuziva IP yeimwe server, tinogona kushandisa zvinyorwa zveDNS kuti tiwane ruzivo urwu nekukurumidza uye nemazvo. Pazasi pane matanho anodiwa kuita iyi nzira:

1. Vhura terminal kana mutsara wekuraira mukati sisitimu yako yekushandisa.
2. Shandisa murairo nslookup ichiteverwa nezita rezita reseva yaunoda kuronda. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida kuwana sevha IP example.com, mhanya murairo unotevera: nslookup example.com.
3. Tarisa pa "Kero" chikamu mune yekuraira inobuda. Pano iwe unowana iyo IP yakabatana nesevha yauri kutevera. Semuenzaniso, kana iyo IP kero inoratidzwa 192.168.0.1, ipapo ndiyo IP yeserver.

Kune akasiyana maturusi epamhepo anogona kukubatsira mukuita uku, senge MXToolbox o Muongorori weDNS. Zvishandiso izvi zvinokutendera kuti uite mivhunzo yeDNS uye uwane ruzivo nezve marekodhi ane hukama nedomasi, kusanganisira kero yeIP yeseva.

Rangarira kuti marekodhi eDNS anogona kuchinja, saka IP inowanikwa inogona kusiyana nekufamba kwenguva. Zvinokurudzirwa kuita maitiro aya pese paunoda kuwana iyo yakagadziridzwa IP yeseva, kunyanya kana ichangobva kuchinja network yayo kumisikidzwa.

10. Kuwana kune server IP ruzivo uchishandisa WHOIS mirairo

Kuwana ruzivo rwesevha yeIP ibasa rinobatsira kuwana ruzivo nezvemuridzi wayo, nzvimbo, uye mupi webasa. Nzira yakajairika yekuwana ruzivo urwu ndeye kushandisa WHOIS mirairo. Tevere, nhanho-nhanho nzira yekuwana ruzivo urwu ichatsanangurwa.

1. Vhura mutsara wekuraira kana terminal pane chako kifaa.
2. Nyora murairo ndiani ichiteverwa nekero yeIP yaunoda kuongorora. Semuyenzaniso: whois 192.168.0.1.
3. Dzvanya Enter kuti uite murairo. Izvi zvinotumira chikumbiro kune WHOIS dhatabhesi inoenderana neiyo IP kero.

Mushure mekuita murairo, huwandu hukuru hweruzivo hune hukama neiyo IP kero yakabvunzwa icharatidzwa. Ruzivo urwu runogona kusanganisira nyika yekwakabva, sangano revaridzi, manejimendi uye tekinoroji vanobatika, uye akabatana nemaseva emazita.

Rangarira kuti mamwe maseva eWHOIS anogona kurambidza kupinda kana kudzikamisa nhamba yemibvunzo panguva. Zvakare, ndapota cherechedza kuti ruzivo rwakaratidzwa runogona kusiyana zvichienderana neiyo WHOIS database yakashandiswa.

11. Ziva IP kero ye server uchishandisa maturusi ekuvheneka pachiteshi

Nokuti, pane matanho akati wandei atinofanira kutevera. Pazasi, ini ndichakuratidza nhanho-ne-nhanho gwara rekuita basa iri.

1. Sarudza chishandiso chekuongorora pachiteshi: Kune akasiyana maturusi aripo ekutarisa madoko uye kuwana iyo IP kero yeseva. Dzimwe dzesarudzo dzinonyanya kufarirwa ndiNmap, Angry IP Scanner, uye Advanced Port Scanner. Sarudza chishandiso chinonyatsoenderana nezvido zvako uye ruzivo rwehunyanzvi.

2. Isa uye gadzirisa chishandiso: Kana uchinge wasarudza yakakodzera port scanning chishandiso, iwe unozofanirwa kuchiisa pane yako system. Tevedzera mirairo inopihwa nemugadziri kuti upedze kuisa. Wobva wagadzirisa chishandiso zvinoenderana nezvaunoda uye zvaunoda.

12. Nzira yekutarisa sei IP yevhavha iri kure uchishandisa mapurogiramu ekutungamirira

Paunenge uchida kuonesa IP yeare kure server, kune akati wandei manejimendi zvirongwa zvaunogona kushandisa kufambisa maitiro. Imwe yemapurogiramu anozivikanwa ekuita basa iri ndeye Ping. Iyi software inokubvumira kuti utarise kana sevha iri kure iri kushanda, kunze kwekupa ruzivo nezve IP kero yayo.

Kushandisa purogiramu Ping, unofanira kutanga wavhura mutsara wekuraira pane yako yekushandisa system. PaWindows, unogona kuita izvi nekudzvanya Windows kiyi + R wobva wanyora "cmd" mubhokisi rekutaura. PaMac kana Linux, unogona kuvhura iyo terminal kubva kune yekushandisa menyu.

Kana uchinge wavhura chirevo chekuraira, ingo nyora "ping" ichiteverwa neiyo IP kero kana zita rezita reiyo kure server yaunoda kuratidza. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida kutarisa IP yeremote server "example.com", ingonyora "ping example.com" uye wodzvanya Enter. Chirongwa Ping inotumira akati wandei data pakiti kune iri kure sevha uye kuratidza mhinduro yakagamuchirwa, iyo inosanganisira iyo IP kero yeiri kure server.

13. Chengetedzo kufunga paunenge uchizivisa IP yeseva

Paunenge uchizivisa IP kero yeserver, zvakakosha kuti uchengete zvimwe zvekuchengetedza mupfungwa kuchengetedza zvese sevha uye data pairi. Pazasi pane mamwe mazano ekutevera:

• Shandisa security scanner: Usati wazivisa IP yeseva, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa chengetedzo scanner kuona zvinogona kuitika. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti utore matanho ekudzivirira uye uve nechokwadi chekuti server yako yakachengetedzwa.
• Gadzirisa firewall: Izvo zvakakosha kuve neyakanyatso gadziridzwa firewall kuchengetedza sevha kubva kune isina mvumo yekuwana. Iyo firewall inoita sechipinganidzo chinosefa network traffic uye inodzivirira kurwiswa kunobvira.
• Shandisa anonymization zvishandiso: Kana IP yeserver yazivikanwa, pane njodzi yekufumura ruzivo rwakadzama. Kuti udzivise izvi, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa anonymization zvishandiso zvinovanza iyo chaiyo IP kero ye server.

Pamusoro pezvikumbiro izvi, zvakakosha kuti uchengetedze server software yako kusvika parizvino uye shandisa mapassword akasimba. Ita ma backups Nguva dzose uye kutarisa matanda ekupinda zvakare maitiro akanakisa ekuona server kuchengetedzwa.

14. Mhedziso pamusoro pekuziva sei IP ye server zvinobudirira

Kupedzisa, kuziva IP yeseva zvinobudirira kunoda kutevedzera anotevera matanho akakosha:

1. Shandisa "ping" kuraira mune terminal: Iyi inzira inokurumidza uye iri nyore yekuwana iyo IP kero yeseva. Ingovhura iyo terminal uye nyora "ping" ichiteverwa nezita rezita kana webhu kero yeserver yaunoda kuziva IP yayo. Mibairo inoratidzwa ichakupa iyo IP kero.
2. Shandisa maturusi epamhepo: Pane akati wandei epamhepo maturusi anoita kuti maitiro ekutsvaga server IP ave nyore. Unogona kushandisa mawebhusaiti akasarudzika anopa emahara IP yekutarisa masevhisi. Ingoisa zita rezita mubhawa yekutsvaga, tinya "Tsvaga" uye IP icharatidzwa pachiratidziri.
3. Bhurawuza DNS zvinyorwa: Imwe nzira yekuwana iyo IP kero yeserver ndeyekubhurawuza iyo DNS marekodhi. Iwe unogona kushandisa chaiwo maturusi anobvumidza iwe kutsvaga uye kubvisa ruzivo nezve domain, kusanganisira sevha IP. Aya maturusi anowanzo kukuratidza reverse lookup logs, MX marekodhi, uye zvimwe zvine chekuita neserver's IP.

Rangarira kuti kuziva iyo IP yeseva kunogona kubatsira mumamiriro ezvinhu apo iwe unofanirwa kuongorora matambudziko ekubatanidza, ita network yekumhanyisa bvunzo kana mamwe magadzirirwo. Kungave uchishandisa mirairo mune terminal, maturusi epamhepo, kana kubhurawuza DNS marekodhi, kutevera aya matanho kuchakubvumidza iwe kuti uwane iyo IP kero yeserver zvinobudirira uye pasina zvinonetsa.

Muchidimbu, kuziva IP yeseva kunogona kuve basa rakakosha kune akasiyana tekinoroji mamiriro. Kuburikidza nenzira dzakaita senge ping command, IP yekutevera maturusi, kana nekushandisa akasarudzika masevhisi epamhepo, taona kuti kuwana ruzivo urwu kunova basa rinogoneka uye rinodikanwa sei. Kuziva kero yeIP ye server hakungotipe kutonga kukuru uye kunzwisisa kwetiweki yedu yezvivakwa, asi zvakare kunotitendera kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo kuti tive nechokwadi chekuita kwayo uye kuwanikwa. Ngatiyeukei nguva dzose kukosha kwekushandisa ruzivo urwu zvine mufungo uye mukati memiganhu yakadzikwa yemutemo. Negwaro iri, tinovimba unogona kuita nemazvo maitiro ekutsvaga IP yeseva uye kushandisa zvakanyanya zvetiweki zviwanikwa zvako.