Zuva revakafa rakatanga sei?

Kuti Zuva revakafa rakamuka sei

Zuva revakafa imhemberero yechinyakare yekuMexico inokudza mufi. Inoitwa kunyanya pamazuva 1 ne2 Mbudzi, kunyangwe mune dzimwe nzvimbo inogona kuwedzera kwemazuva akati wandei. Zororo iri rakatanga nguva isati yasvika yeHispanic uye rakashanduka nemazana emakore, richibatanidza pesvedzero dzechivanhu, dzeEurope, nedzemuAfrica. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora kwakabva uye zvinoreva kuseri kweZuva revakafa.

Pre-Hispanic mavambo

Midzi yeZuva revakafa inogona kuwanikwa mutsika dzekare dzeMesoamerican, dzakadai seAztec, Mayans, Purépecha, uye Totonacs. Idzi budiriro dzaidavira kuti upenyu pashure porufu uye dzairangarira rufu serimwewo danho rokuvapo. Kwavari, rufu haruna kureva mugumo, asi kuchinja kune rumwe rutivi. Maonero avo enyika aisanganisira pfungwa yokuti midzimu yemushakabvu yaigona kudzoka kuzoshanyira vadikani vavo pane dzimwe nguva dzegore.

Pesvedzero yekukunda kweSpain

Nokusvika kwevakundi veSpain muzana remakore rechi1, zvaidavirwa netsika dzeko zvakabatanidzwa nechitendero cheKaturike. Vanhu vokuSpain vakauya nokupemberera Zuva reVasande Vose musi waNovember 2 uye Zuva reMweya Yese musi waNovember XNUMX. Misi iyi yaipindirana nemhemberero dzeko, zvichiita kuti tsika dzose dziwirirane.

Simba reAfrica

Kuwedzera kune zvechivanhu neSpanish pesvedzero, Zuva revakafa rakatorawo zvinhu zvetsika dzemuAfrica nekuda kwekutengeswa kwevaranda uye kuvapo kwenharaunda dzevaAfro muMexico. Mapoka aya aipa miitiro netsika dzine chokuita norufu nokunamatwa kwemadzitateguru, zvichiita kuti zororo racho riwedzere.

Chirevo chazvino

Nhasi, Zuva revakafa imhemberero izere neruvara, mufaro, uye tsika. Aritari dzinovakwa mudzimba uye makuva anoshanyirwa kuzoshongedza makuva evafi vadiwa. Zvipiriso zvakadai sezvokudya, zvinwiwa, uye zvinhu zvomunhu oga zvinoiswa mukukudza vakafa, uye miitiro yakasiyana-siyana inoitwa, yakadai se“chingwa chevakafa” chakakurumbira uye “dehenya chairo”. Iri zororo rave chiratidzo chekuzivikanwa kweMexico uye nzira yakakosha yekuchengeta ndangariro dzemadzitateguru edu ari mupenyu.

Muchinyorwa chino, takaongorora mabviro mazhinji eZuva Revakafa, kubva kumavambo ayo ekutanga kweSpain kusvika kune pesvedzero yekukunda kweSpain uye tsika dzeAfrica. Iye zvino, isu tinogona kuwedzera kukoshesa hupfumi nekudzika kwemhemberero iyi yakasarudzika inobatanidza Mexico mukurangarira mufi.

- Kwakabva Zuva revakafa

Mabviro eZuva Revakafa imhemberero yekare yakadzika midzi mutsika dzekare dzeMexico. Zororo iri rakatanga makore anopfuura 3,000 uye rinosanganisa zvitendero zvechivanhu nemaitiro echiKatorike eSpain colonization. Kuburikidza netsika dzinoyera nemitambo, vanhu vokuMexico vanokudza uye vanoyeuka vadiwa vavo vakafa.

Imwe yeakanyanya kukosha echivanhu budiriro mukusikwa kwetsika iyi yaive tsika yeAztec. Vaidavira kuti rufu rakanga riri rimwe nhano mudenderedzwa risingagumi roupenyu uye kuti nyakufa aigona kubatirana navapenyu. Vakatsaurira mwedzi wakazara, mwedzi wechipfumbamwe wekarenda yeAztec, kuti vanamate vakafa. Panguva iyi vaiita zvipiriso nezvibayiro kuitira kuti midzimu yemushakabvu yapora uye yaidzivirira.

Nekusvika kwevaSpanish, Zuva revakafa rakatanga kutora zvinhu zvechiKristu. Zororo racho rakatamisirwa kuNovember 1 na2, panguva imwe cheteyo nokuchengetwa kweKaturike kweZuva reVasande Vose uye Zuva reMweya Yose. Zvisinei, midzi yeko yetsika iyi yakaramba yakasimba. Mhedzisiro yaive musanganiswa wakasarudzika wetsika nezviratidzo zvichiri kushandiswa nhasi. Kuvakwa kweatari, kuiswa kwezvipo, kushandiswa kweshuga skulls uye calacas ane mavara ndezvimwe zvezvinhu zvinomiririra zvemutambo uyu wemadzitateguru.

- Mafurira echivanhu mumutambo

Zuva Revakafa izororo rechinyakare rekuMexico rinopembererwa musi wa2 Mbudzi. ⁢Pazororo rino, vadikani vakafa vanokudzwa uye vanoyeukwa. Mhemberero yacho yakadzama pesvedzero dzechivanhu kufambidzana kumashure kune pre-Hispanic nguva.

Imwe ye pesvedzero dzemuno Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zveZuva Revakafa kutenda kuti mushakabvu anodzoka kuzoshanyira mhuri dzavo. Maererano nemaonero enyika, nyika yevapenyu nenyika yevakafa yakabatana, uye pachiitiko ichi mweya yevakafa inogona kudzoka kuzogovana maawa mashomanana nevadiwa vavo. Ndosaka panguva yezororo iri, mhuri dzichigadzira atari mudzimba dzavo, kwavanoisa mifananidzo yemufi, chikafu, zvinwiwa uye zvinhu zvine zvazvinoreva kwavari muupenyu.

Zvimwe pesvedzero yechivanhu PaZuva Revakafa, chibage chinonyanya kukosha. Chibage chinhu chakakosha muchikafu netsika dzechivanhu, uye panguva yezororo rino, chinoremekedzwa sezvo chichionekwa sechipo chakakosha chemufi. Zvizhinji zvekushongedza uye zvimiro zvinoshandiswa panguva yezororo zvine chekuita nechibage, senge yakakurumbira dehenya reshuga. Uye zvakare, chikafu chechinyakare uye zvinwiwa zvakagadzirirwa mukati meZuva revakafa zvinowanzogadzirwa kubva muchibage, senge inonaka tamales uye yakakurumbira atole.

-Kushanduka kwemhemberero mumakore apfuura

Zuva reMhemberero yevakafa rinodzokera kutsika dzekare dzeMesoamerican, dzakadai seAztec, Mayans, uye Purépecha. Aya magariro aive nehukama hwakadzama nerufu uye aitenda mukuenderera mberi kwehupenyu mushure merufu. Kwavari, rufu rwakanga rwusiri magumo, asi kutenderera kutsva murwendo rwemweya. Saka panzvimbo pokuitya, vaiikudza uye vaiyeuka vadiwa vavo vakanga vafa.

Muhumambo uhwu hwekare, Zuva revakafa chaive chiitiko chakakosha chaipembererwa kwemazuva akati wandei. Panguva iyi, zvaidavirwa kuti mweya yemushakabvu yakadzoka kuzoshanyira vadiwa vavo. Kuti vagamuchire madzitateguru avo, atari dzaimiswa mudzimba uye dzaishongedzwa nezvinopiwa zvakadai sezvokudya, zvokunwa, uye zvinhu zvokufananidzira. Izvi zvipiriso zvaiitirwa kusimudzira nokukudza mweya uye kusimbisa chisungo pakati pevapenyu nevakafa.

Nekusvika kwevaSpanish muAmerica, kupembererwa kweZuva revakafa kwakachinja zvikuru. Vakundi vacho vakatanga chiKaturike uye vakabatanidza tsika dzeko nemazororo echiKaturike, akadai seZuva Revasande Vose uye Zuva reMweya Yose. Kusanganiswa uku kwakakonzera shanduko yemhemberero sezvatinoiziva nhasi. Zvinhu zvakadai semakenduru, michinjikwa, uye kushanya kumakuva zvakabatanidzwa kupa ruremekedzo kumufi.

-Kukosha kweatari paZuva Revakafa

Zuva reVakafa maatari chikamu chakakosha chemhemberero iyi yechinyakare yeMexico. Aya maatari, anozivikanwawo seofrendas, akamiswa mukukudza vadikani vakashaya. Aya maatari azere nezviratidzo uye zvinoreva uye anoita basa repakati munzira yekuyeukwa nekuyeukwa kwemufi.

Mipiro inoumbwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinomiririra zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu nerufu, chimwe nechimwe chine chinangwa chaicho. Pakati pezvinhu zvakajairika mapikicha evadikanwi vakafa, anobatira kuvarangarira nokuvakudza. Zvinhu zvomunhu oga zvomufi, zvakadai sezvokudya zvavo zvavanofarira nezvinwiwa, zvinoiswawo imomo kuti vagozvifarikanya muupenyu hwapashure porufu. Makenduru anowanzoiswa kuti atungamirire mweya pakushanya kwavo kumaatari, sezvakaita maruva, kunyanya marigolds akakurumbira, anomiririra kupfupika kwehupenyu.

Aya maatari haasati achingova chiito chorudo noruremekedzo kumufi, asiwo nzira yokuchengeta ndangariro dziri mhenyu dzaavo vasisipo panyama nesu. Kuburikidza nemaatari, bhiriji rinomiswa pakati penyika yevapenyu nevakafa, richibvumira hukama hwepfungwa nevadikani vakafa. Pamusoro pazvo, maatari aya anogovaniswa nenharaunda, ichiva nzvimbo yekusangana nekufungisisa panogoverwa nyaya nendangariro dzemufi. Pakupedzisira, maatari paZuva Revakafa inzira yekupemberera hupenyu uye kukudza ndangariro dzeavo vakafa.

- Zvinoreva mipiro pazuva revakafa

Zuva Revakafa izororo rekare rokuMexico rinokudza vakafa. Mhemberero iyi yakadzokera kunguva yevaAztec uye yakashanduka mumakore kuti ive imwe yemitambo yeMexico inonyanya kukosha uye ine mavara. Mukati meichi chiitiko chinokosha, mhuri dzeMexico dzinoungana kuti dziyeuke nokukudza vadikani vavo vakafa.

Zvipo zvinhu zvakakosha mumhemberero yeZuva revakafa. Aya ofrenda, anozivikanwawo seatari, anovakwa mudzimba nemakuva. Zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvokufananidzira zvinomirira upenyu hwomushakabvu uye zvinovakoka kuti vadzoke kunyika yapasi kuti vafarikanye zvokudya zvavo zvavanofarira nezvinwiwa. Zvimwe zvinojairika zvinoumba ofrendas zvinosanganisira mapikicha evadikani vakafa, marigold maruva, makenduru, dehenya reshuga, chikafu, mvura, uye zvinhu zvemufi.

El zvinoreva zvipiriso Zuva Ravakafa rine midzi yakadzika mukutenda kuti midzimu yevakafa inodzoka kuzoshanyira vadiwa vayo mukati meiyi zororo. Mipiro inogadzirwa nechinangwa chekukwezva uye kufadza mufi, kuitira kuti vanzwe kugamuchirwa uye kunakidzwa nekugara kwavo munyika yepasi. Pamusoro pezvo, mipiro inomiririrawo ruremekedzo uye rudo rwevapenyu kune vakafa, pamwe nekuvandudzwa uye kuenderera kwehupenyu kuburikidza. yekurangarira uye nhaka yeavo vasisipo panyama.

- Mhemberero dzechinyakare uye zviitiko mukati meZuva revakafa

Zuva Revakafa izororo reMexico⁢ rinokudza vadikani vakafa. Iyi tsika yemadzitateguru Iyo ine midzi mu pre-Hispanic tsika uye yakaramba ichirarama mumakore ese. Pamhemberero iyi, vanhu vanotenda kuti mushakabvu anodzokera kunyika yevapenyu kuzoona hama neshamwari. Inguva yekurangarira nekupemberera, umo vanhu vekuMexico vanopa mutero kumadzitateguru avo.

Nyaya uye kukosha kwetsika Zuva reMagamuchidzanwa Vakafa rinotanga zviuru zvemakore. Zvinotendwa kuti zororo iri rakatangira muzvitendero zvekare zvevanhu veMesoamerican, vakadai sevaAztec nevaMaya. Kwavari, rufu rwakanga rwusiri mugumo woupenyu, asi yaingova imwe nhano.Vaidavira kuvapo kwenyika yepasi, nzvimbo umo vakafa vanozorora murugare. Mukati meZuva Revakafa, zvaidavirwa kuti midzimu yemushakabvu yakadzokera kuNyika kuti ive nevadikanwi vayo.

Iyo tsika nemabasa Munguva yeZuva Revakafa, mhemberero dzakasiyana uye dzakasiyana. Imwe yetsika dzinowanzoitwa kuvakwa kweatari dzakatsaurirwa kune vakafa vadiwa. Aya maatari akashongedzwa nemaruva emarigold, makenduru, nemifananidzo yemufi. Zvokudya nezvinwiwa zvinofarirwa nevakafa zvinoiswawo imomo, sezvo zvinodavirwa kuti pakushanya kwavo vanodya chinhu chinokosha chezvokudya. Uyezve, mhuri dzinowanzoshanyira kumakuva uye kuita tsika, dzakadai sokuchenesa nokushongedza makuva. Zororo iri musanganiswa wemaitiro echinyakare pre-Hispanic uye zvinhu zvetsika dzechiKatorike zvakaunzwa panguva yehutongi hweSpain.

-Kurudziro yekusangana neZuva Revakafa muMexico

Zuva revakafa Izororo rechinyakare rekuMexico rinopa rukudzo kune mushakabvu. Kunyange zvazvo ichipembererwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyika, chiitiko chinokosha ichi chakabva mutsika dzechiMexico. Iyo inomuka kubva kusyncretism pakati pezvitendero zveMesoamerican uye Spanish colonization. Mhemberero iyi inoda kukudza vadikani vakashaya, vachitenda kuti musi uyu mweya yevafi inodzoka kuzoshanyira mhuri dzavo. Inguva yokurangarira, yokubatana, uye yokuremekedza avo vasisiri nesu panyama asi vanoramba varipo mumwoyo yevapenyu.

Zve rarama hupenyu zvizere chiitiko cheZuva Revakafa muMexico, zvakakosha kuziva zvimwe Mazano makuru:

1. Shanyira kumakuva: Chimwe chezvinhu zvinomiririra zvakanyanya zvezororo rino ndiko kushanyira kumakuva. Iri muminda mitsvene umo mhuri dzinoshongedza makuva nezvipo uye marigold maruva, zvichiita kuti pave nemhepo ine simba uye ine mavara. Swedera neruremekedzo uye kuyemura kunaka kweichi tsika yekare.

2. Nakidzwa neatari nezvipo: Aritari zviratidziro zvinomisikidzwa mudzimba nenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji. Pavari mapikicha evadiwa vakafa anoiswa pavari, pamwe chete nezvinhu zvavo, zvokudya, zvinwiwa, uye maruva. Usakanganwa kuremekedza nzvimbo idzi uye kukoshesa kusika uye kuzvipira kunopinda mukusika kwavo.

3. Tora chikamu mumaparadhi: Maguta mazhinji muMexico anoronga mapurisa., ane madehenya uye makatsi akashongedzwa, uko mimhanzi, kutamba, uye mufaro zvinouya pamwechete kupemberera hupenyu nerufu. Usazeze kujoinha aya maparade ane mavara uye zvirege iwe kutakurwa netsika yechiitiko ichi chakasarudzika.