Maekisesaizi eMisanganiswa Yakafanana uye Yakasiyana

Mumunda wekemesitiri, kudzidza kwehomogeneous uye heterogeneous musanganiswa kwakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinosanganisirwa sei uye kuti zvikamu zvazvo zvinogoverwa sei mumuenzaniso. Munyaya ino, tichaongorora munyika yezviitwa pane homogeneous uye heterogeneous musanganiswa, kuongorora iwo akakosha pfungwa, akakosha zvimiro uye kupatsanura nzira dzemisanganiswa iyi. Kuburikidza mienzaniso nemabasa ekudzidzira inoshanda, iwe unozogona kusimbisa yako yekuongorora uye hunyanzvi hwekunzwisisa mune ino musoro wakakosha kune kemikari sainzi. Wagadzirira here kunyudza iwe munyika inonakidza yekusanganisa uye kuisa yako edzai ruzivo rwenyu? Kana zvirizvo, tibatane nesu parwendo urwu rwezviitwa pahomogeneous uye heterogeneous musanganiswa.

1. Tsanangudzo yehomogeneous uye heterogeneous misanganiswa

Musanganiswa wehomogeneous ndeuyo umo zvikamu zvaro zvakagoverwa zvakaenzana, zvichireva kuti hazvigone kusiyaniswa neziso rakashama kana kushandisa girazi rinokudza. Mune mamwe mazwi, zvikamu zvose zvemusanganiswa zvinosanganiswa nenzira iyo haigoni kuparadzaniswa nyore nyore. Muenzaniso wakajairika wekusanganiswa kwehomogeneous munyu wakanyungudutswa mumvura. Mumusanganiswa uyu, munyu unogoverwa zvakaenzana mumvura yose, uye makristasi emunyu ega ega haagoni kuonekwa.

Kune rumwe rutivi, musanganiswa wakasiyana-siyana ndewekuti izvo zvikamu hazvina kugoverwa zvakafanana, ndiko kuti, zvinogona kusiyaniswa neziso rakashama kana kushandisa girazi rinokudza. Mune rudzi urwu rwemisanganiswa, zvikamu zvakabatanidzwa kana kupatsanurwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana, izvo zvinobvumira kuti zvionekwe mumwe nomumwe. Muenzaniso wakajairika wekusanganiswa kwakasiyana-siyana isaladhi, uko zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kusiyaniswa, senge lettuce, tomato, hanyanisi, nezvimwe.

Muchidimbu, nepo misanganiswa ine homogeneous ine kugovaniswa kwakafanana kwezvikamu zvadzo, misanganiswa yakasiyana-siyana ine isina-uniform kugovera. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kusiyana uku kwakakosha pakunzwisisa kuti zvikamu zvemusanganiswa zvinogona kupatsanurwa sei, sezvo kusanganiswa kwehomogeneous kunoda nzira dzekuparadzanisa dzakasiyana pane kusanganiswa kwakasiyana. Homogeneous misanganiswa inonyanya kunetsa kupatsanura nekuti zvikamu zvinosanganiswa zvakafanana, nepo heterogeneous misanganiswa inobvumira kupatsanurwa kuri nyore nekuti zvikamu zvakapatsanurwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana.

2. Hunhu hunokosha hwekusanganiswa kwehomogeneous

Homogeneous musanganiswa, anozivikanwawo semhinduro, ndeaya ayo zvikamu zvinogoverwa zvakafanana pachiyero chemolecular. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinozvigadzira hazvigone kusiyaniswa nemeso. Pazasi pane mamwe emhando huru yerudzi urwu rwemisanganiswa:

1. Kufanana: Chimiro chikuru chemisanganiswa ine homogeneous ndiko kufanana kwavo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mune chero chikamu chemusanganiswa pachava nechikamu chakafanana chezvikamu zvakasiyana. Iko hakuna nzvimbo dzine huwandu hwepamusoro hwechimwe chinhu pane imwe, iyo inobvumira kugoverwa kwakaenzana pachiyero che molecular.

2. Yakagadzikana musanganiswa: Homogeneous masanganiswa akanyatsogadzikana, sezvo zvinhu zvakanyatsosanganiswa uye hazviparadzanise nekufamba kwenguva. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekubatana pakati pemamorekuru ezvikamu zvakasiyana, izvo zvinodzivirira kuparadzaniswa kwavo. Nokudaro, kana musanganiswa uchinge waumbwa, unoramba uri mukuenzanisa pasina kuda kuvhiringidza kana kupindira kwekunze.

3. Constant physical properties: Chimwe chinocherechedzwa chemisanganiswa ine homogeneous ndeyekuti inogara iine zvimiro zvemuviri mukati mehurefu hwayo hwose. Semuenzaniso, ruvara, kunhuwa, kunhuwa, density, uye nzvimbo yekubikira zvichave zvakafanana chero kupi mumusanganiswa. Izvi zvinofambisa kuzivikanwa uye kubata kwayo, sezvo zvisingakodzeri kuita makemikari ekuongorora kuti uone kuumbwa kwemusanganiswa.

3. Hunhu hunokosha hwekusanganiswa kwakasiyana

Heterogeneous masanganiswa ndeaya mune izvo zvikamu zvisina kugoverwa zvakafanana. Mune rudzi urwu rwemisanganiswa zvinokwanisika kuona nemaziso akasiyana-siyana zvikamu kana zvikamu zvinozvigadzira. Pazasi pane ruzivo:

1. Zvikamu zvinoonekwa: Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zvemisanganiswa yakasiyana-siyana ndeyokuti zvikamu kana zvikamu zvinozviumba zvinonyatsosiyanisa nemaziso. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti izvo zvikamu hazvina kusanganiswa homogeneously, zvichigadzira kupatsanurwa kwakajeka pakati pavo. Semuenzaniso, mumusanganiswa wemvura nemafuta, zvinokwanisika kunyatsocherechedza kuparadzaniswa pakati pezvikamu zviviri.

2. Variable physical properties: Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chemusanganiswa wakasiyana-siyana chinogona kuva nemhando dzakasiyana dzemuviri, seruvara, density kana solubility. Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kusiyana mune chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu uye zvinobvumira kuti zvive nyore kusiyanisa. Semuenzaniso, kana jecha rakasanganiswa nemvura, jecha rinogara pasi pegaba nekuda kwekuwanda kwaro, asi mvura inoramba iri pamusoro.

3. Mechanical kupatsanurwa: Pamusana pekushaikwa kwehutano mumusanganiswa wakasiyana-siyana, zvinokwanisika kuparadzanisa zvikamu zvaro nemaitiro emagetsi. Mamwe maitiro akajairika ekuparadzanisa maitiro anosanganisira kusefa, decantation, uye centrifugation. Nzira idzi dzinotora mukana wekusiyana kwezvinhu zvemuviri pakati pezvikamu kuti zvibudirire kuparadzaniswa kwavo. Semuenzaniso, nekudzikisa zvinokwanisika kuparadzanisa jecha kubva musanganiswa nemvura nekurega jecha richidzika kusvika pasi uye nekunyatsodurura mvura kunze.

Muchidimbu, misanganiswa yakasiyana-siyana inoratidzirwa nekuva nezvikamu kana zvikamu zvinogona kusiyaniswa nekuona, kushanduka kwezvinhu zvemuviri mune imwe neimwe yezvikamu uye mukana wekuparadzaniswa nemaitiro emagetsi. Aya maitiro anoita kuti musanganiswa wakasiyana-siyana ubatsire zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, senge chemistry, biology uye indasitiri yechikafu, pakati pevamwe. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa maitiro aya uye kuziva nzira yekuparadzanisa zvikamu zvemusanganiswa wakasiyana-siyana pakudzidza kwayo uye kushandiswa kwayo.

4. Kuzivikanwa kwemusanganiswa sehomogeneous kana heterogeneous

Kuti uone musanganiswa senge homogeneous kana heterogeneous, zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise maitiro uye zvimiro zverudzi rwega rwemusanganiswa. Musanganiswa wehomogeneous ndewekuti zvikamu zvaro zvakasanganiswa zvachose uye hazvigone kusiyaniswa neziso rakashama, nepo musanganiswa wakasiyana-siyana ndeimwe umo zvikamu zvayo zvinoonekwa uye zvinogona kuparadzaniswa nenzira dzepanyama.

Kuti uone kana musanganiswa uri homogeneous kana heterogeneous, nzira dzakawanda dzinogona kushandiswa. Chimwe chazvo ndechekucherechedza chimiro chemusanganiswa; Kana izvo zvikamu zvakasanganiswa zvakaenzana uye hazvigone kusiyaniswa, zvinogona kunge zvakasanganiswa homogeneous. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana zvikamu zvichionekwa uye zvinogona kuparadzaniswa, zvichida isanganiswa yakasiyana-siyana.

Imwe nzira yekuwedzera yekuziva musanganiswa ndeyekushandisa nzira dzekuparadzanisa, dzakadai sefiltration, decantation, kana centrifugation. Iyi nzira dzinoshandiswa kuparadzanisa zvikamu zvemusanganiswa wakasiyana-siyana, zvichiratidza kuti musanganiswa hauna homogeneous. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana zvisingakwanisi kuparadzanisa zvikamu uchishandisa maitiro aya, musanganiswa unogona kunge wakafanana.

5. Kudzidzira kurovedza kuona homogeneous musanganiswa

Muchikamu chino, tichagadzirisa zviitwa zvinoshanda izvo zvinozotitendera kuona homogeneous musanganiswa. Zviitwa izvi zvinozotibatsira kushandisa pfungwa nehunyanzvi hwakadzidzwa kare. Kuburikidza nezviitwa izvi, tinozokwanisa kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwekuziva misanganiswa ine homogeneous mumamiriro akasiyana.

1. Kutarisisa kwekuona: Danho rekutanga kuona musanganiswa une homogeneous kuita ongororo yekuona. Tinofanira kunyatsoongorora muenzaniso uri mubvunzo uye titarise chero chiratidzo chekufanana mukutaridzika kwayo. Kana musanganiswa uchiita seunofanana, pasina kuvapo kwezvimedu zvinooneka kana zvikamu zvakasiyana, zvinogona kunge zviri musanganiswa wakafanana.

2. Solubility: Imwe nzira inogona kutibatsira kuziva homogeneous musanganiswa ndeyekuongorora kunyungudika kwezvikamu. Kana zvikamu zvose zvakanyunguduka zvachose mumushonga uye pasina kupatsanurwa kwechikamu kunoonekwa, ichi chiratidzo chekusanganiswa kwehomogeneous. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti solubility inogona kuenderana nekupisa uye kusangana kwezvikamu.

3. Nzira dzekuparadzanisa: Kana tiine kusava nechokwadi pamusoro pekuti muenzaniso uri musanganiswa wakafanana, tinogona kushandisa nzira dzekuparadzanisa kuti tizvisimbise. Kana sampuli ichigona kupatsanurwa kuita zvikamu zvega pachishandiswa matekiniki akadai se distillation, chromatography kana filtration, saka tinogona kugumisa kuti ihomogeneous musanganiswa.

Rangarira kuti kugara uchidzidzira uye kushandiswa kwemaitiro akakodzera kwakakosha kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwako mukuziva misanganiswa ine homogeneous. Aya maekisesaizi anoshanda anokupa iwe mukana wekushandisa ruzivo rwe theoretical uye kugadzirisa hunyanzvi hwako hwekuzivikanwa mumamiriro akasiyana siyana. Usazeze kuita maekisesaizi akawanda sezvaunokwanisa kusimbisa hunyanzvi hwako mune iyi yakakosha chikamu chemakemikari!

6. Kudzidzira maekisesaizi ekuona masanganiswa akasiyana

Muchikamu chino, tichapa nhevedzano yezviitwa zvinoshanda zvakagadzirirwa kukubatsira kuona heterogeneous musanganiswa. Kuti ugadzirise matambudziko aya, iwe unozofanirwa kushandisa pfungwa dzakambodzidzwa nezve hunhu hwehterogeneous musanganiswa uye iripo nzira dzekuparadzanisa.

Muenzaniso wakajairika wekusanganiswa kwakasiyana-siyana imvura nemafuta. Kuti uzive musanganiswa uyu, unogona kuita nhanho dzinotevera:

• Tarisa uone kutaridzika kwemuenzaniso. Kana iwe ukaona kupatsanurwa kwakajeka pakati pemvura nemafuta, unenge uchitarisana nemusanganiswa wakasiyana.
• Iwe unogona kushandisa pipette kuti ubvise chikamu chiduku chemuenzaniso uye uiise mu tube yakachena yekuedza.
• Tarisa pa test tube zvakare. Kana iwe ukaona kuti mafuta anoyangarara pamusoro pemvura uye asingasanganisi, simbisa kuti musanganiswa wakasiyana.

Yeuka kuti kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emhando dzakasiyana-siyana, saka zvakakosha kuti uzvizive nemienzaniso yakasiyana. Imwe nzira yekuziva rudzi urwu rwemusanganiswa ndeye kushandisa kusefa, decantation kana centrifugation nzira, zvichienderana nehunhu hwesample yega yega.

7. Maekisesaizi ekuparadzanisa masanganiswa ane homogeneous

Kune nzira dzakasiyana dzekuparadzanisa mahomogeneous musanganiswa, uye dzimwe sarudzo dzinoratidzwa pazasi. Imwe yenzira dzakajairika ndeye distillation, iyo inoshandiswa kupatsanura zvinhu zviviri kana kupfuura zvine mvura ine mapoinzi akasiyana. Maitiro aya Inosanganisira kupisa musanganiswa uye kuunganidza mhepo yakanyungudutswa mumudziyo wakasiyana. Zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi kuti nzvimbo yekubikira yezvinhu zvichapatsanurwa zvakasiyana zvakakwana kuti zviwane kuparadzaniswa kunoshanda.

Imwe nzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya ndeye filtration, iyo inoshandiswa kuparadzanisa chikamu chakasimba kubva pachikamu chemvura. Kuti uite izvi, sefa inoshandiswa, iyo inogona kugadzirwa nepepa, jira kana chimwe chinhu chakakodzera, ichiisa muhuni. Musanganiswa unodururwa pamusoro pesefa uye chikamu chemvura chinopfuura nepo chikamu chakasimba chichichengetwa. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti nzira iyi inoshanda chete kana chikamu chakasimba chisingagadziriswi muchikamu chemvura.

Pakupedzisira, nzira yekudzikisa inoshandiswa kuparadzanisa zvinwiwa zviviri zvisingagoneki, kureva kuti, hazvisanganise. Kuti uite izvi, musanganiswa unobvumirwa kuzorora mumudziyo uye, nekuda kwekusiyana kwe densities, zvinwiwa zvinoparadzaniswa muzvikamu zviviri. Pipette kana siphon inogona kushandiswa kuendesa mvura inodiwa kune imwe mudziyo. Zvakakosha kuchenjerera paunenge uchibvisa, sezvo kufamba kamwe kamwe kunogona kusanganisa zvinwiwa zvakare.

8. Maekisesaizi ekuparadzanisa masanganiswa akasiyana

• Kusiyanisa heterogeneous misanganiswa Inzira iyo inosanganisira kupatsanura zvikamu zvemusanganiswa unogona kusiyaniswa neziso rakashama kana nerubatsiro rwezviridzwa.
• Imwe yedzakajairika nzira dzekuita kupatsanurwa uku ndeye kusefa. Iyi nzira inoshandiswa kupatsanura tsinga isinganyunguriki kubva pamvura kana imwe yakasimba nekushandisa sefa. Zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi kuti saizi yepore yesefa idiki zvakakwana kuchengetedza yakasimba uye kubvumira kuti mvura ipfuure. Kuti uite filtration, isa sefa pane funnel uye udururire musanganiswa muhuturo. Iyo yakasimba ichagara musefa, nepo mvura ichipfuura nemo uye inounganidzwa mune imwe mudziyo.
• Imwe nzira yakajairika yekuparadzanisa misanganiswa ine heterogeneous ndeye decantation. Iyi nzira inoshandiswa apo zvikamu zvemusanganiswa zvine maitiro akasiyana uye hazvisanganisi pamwe chete. Kuti uite decanting, zvinodikanwa kuti musanganiswa ugare mumudziyo kwenguva yakati kuti ubvumire zvikamu kuti zviparadzanise negiravhiti. Kana zvikamu zvapatsanurwa, mvura yakaoma inogona kudururwa mune imwe mudziyo, ichisiya isina kusimba kana mvura mumudziyo wekutanga.

9. Kushandiswa kwehomogeneous musanganiswa muindasitiri

Muindasitiri, kushandiswa kwehomogeneous musanganiswa inzira yakakosha yekuvimbisa kunaka uye kugona mukugadzira. Misanganiswa iyi inosanganisira kubatanidza zvinhu zvakasiyana zvakafanana, kuwana chinhu chine hunhu hunoenderana.

Kuisa homogeneous musanganiswa muindasitiri, zvakakosha kutevera mamwe matanho makuru. Chokutanga pane zvose, zvikamu zvinosanganiswa zvinofanira kuonekwa uye zviyero zvakakodzera zveumwe neumwe zvinofanira kusimbiswa. Izvi Zvinogona kuwanikwa uchishandisa maturusi ekuyeresa chaiwo, akadai sezvikero kana mapipette, izvo zvinobvumira kutariswa kunodiwa kuwanikwa.

Paunenge uchinge uine izvo zvakaringana zvikamu uye zviyero, danho rinotevera nderekuvasanganisa zvishoma nezvishoma uye nguva dzose. Izvi Zvinogona kuitwa uchishandisa masanganisi chaiwo emhando yega yega yechinhu, senge magineti inosimudzira, paddle mixers, kana kunyangwe kuburikidza nemanyorero ekusimudzira maitiro. Zvakakosha kuchengeta mupfungwa kuti kukurumidza uye nguva yekusanganiswa inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemhando yezvikamu uye kuwirirana kunoda.

Panguva yekusanganiswa, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi kuti hapana mapundu, granules kana tsvina zvinoramba zviri mumusanganiswa wekupedzisira. Kuti uite izvi, mamwe maitiro, akadai sefiltration kana centrifugation, anogona kushandiswa sezvinodiwa. Izvo zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kuchengetedza kwakaringana kwekusanganisa maturusi uye kucheneswa nguva dzose zvinhu zvakakosha pakuwana mhando homogeneous musanganiswa muindasitiri. Nezvizvi matanho nezvishandiso zvakakodzera, unogona kushandisa homogeneous musanganiswa zvinobudirira uye uwane mhedzisiro inowirirana mumagadzirirwo ako ekugadzira!

10. Kushandiswa kwemasanganiswa akasiyana-siyana muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva

Heterogeneous musanganiswa inobata basa rakakosha muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva, sezvo iripo mune zvakawanda zvenharaunda yedu. Misanganiswa iyi ndeiya iyo iyo zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinozvigadzira zvinogona kuzivikanwa nemeso. Zvadaro, zvicharatidzwa mimwe mienzaniso yekushandiswa kwezvakasiyana-siyana musanganiswa mu hupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

1. Kupatsanurwa kwemarara akaomarara: Mumunda wekugadzirisa tsvina, kupatsanurwa kwemisanganiswa yakasiyana-siyana yakakosha pakurapa kwavo kwakakodzera uye kudzokorora. Nekurongedza zvinhu zvakasiyana, senge bepa, purasitiki, girazi nesimbi, kushandiswa kwavo kunotevera kana kuraswa kwakakodzera kunogoneswa.

2. Kugadzira chikafu: Mukicheni, tinoshandisa heterogeneous musanganiswa mukugadzirira kwendiro dzakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, pakucheka saladhi, miriwo yakasiyana, yakadai seretisi, matomatisi nehanyanisi, inosanganiswa kuti uwane musanganiswa wekunaka uye maumbirwo. Saizvozvowo, paunenge uchigadzira muto, zvinhu zvakasimba zvakadai semiriwo, nyama uye nyemba zvinosanganiswa mumvura, zvichiita musanganiswa wakasiyana-siyana unopa kunakidza kwakasiyana.

3. Kuchenesa pamba: Zvigadzirwa zvekuchenesa zvatinowanzoshandisa zvine musanganiswa wakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, mune zvekuchenesa, makemikari zvinhu zvakadai se surfactants, solubilizers uye bleaches, pakati pezvimwe, zvinosanganiswa kuti zvibudirire kuchenesa. Iyi misanganiswa yakasiyana-siyana inotibvumira kubvisa tsvina kubva pamusoro uye machira, nokudaro tichivandudza hutsanana mumba medu.

11. Maekisesaizi ekuona kusangana kwehomogeneous musanganiswa

Kuti uone kuwanda kweiyo homogeneous musanganiswa, pane akati wandei maekisesaizi aunogona kuita. Pano tinopa mamwe anonyanya kuzivikanwa:

1. Dilution Exercise: Muchiitwa ichi, iwe uchapihwa yekutanga mhinduro ine inozivikanwa concentration uye iwe uchakumbirwa kunyurura iyi mhinduro ne solvent kusvika wawana iyo yaunoda kuisa. Iwe unogona kushandisa dilution formula kuverenga huwandu hwe solute uye solvent inodiwa. Uyezve, zvakakosha kuyeuka kunyatsoyera huwandu hwechikamu chimwe nechimwe uchishandisa pipette yakapedza kudzidza kana kuenzanisa.

2. Vhoriyamu-vhoriyamu Exercise: Muchiitwa ichi, iwe uchapihwa yekutanga mhinduro ine inozikanwa yekumisikidza uye iwe uchakumbirwa kuverenga iyo inodiwa vhoriyamu yemhinduro yakataurwa kuti uwane huwandu hwakati hwesolute. Kuti ugadzirise rudzi urwu rwedambudziko, unogona kushandisa iyo yekumisikidza fomula, uchifunga nezve vhoriyamu uye yekutanga uye yekupedzisira yekumisikidza.

3. Misa-vhoriyamu Exercise: Muchiitwa ichi, iwe uchapihwa uwandu hwesolute uye wokumbirwa kuverenga huwandu hwezvinonyungudutsa zvinodikanwa kuti uwane kusungirirwa kwaunoda. Izvo zvakakosha kushandisa iyo yekumisikidza formula, uchifunga nezve misa ye solute uye vhoriyamu ye solvent. Rangarira kushandisa mayuniti ekuyera anowirirana kuti uwane mibairo chaiyo.

12. Kudzidzira kuona kuumbwa kwemusanganiswa wakasiyana

Pakusarudza kuumbwa kwemusanganiswa wakasiyana-siyana, zvinodikanwa kutevera nhevedzano yezviitwa zvinozotibatsira kuziva zvikamu zvakasiyana zviripo mumusanganiswa wakataurwa. Pazasi, mamwe maekisesaizi acharatidzwa anogona kushandiswa segwara mukuita uku.

1. Kutariswa kwekuona: Danho rekutanga kuona kuumbwa kwemusanganiswa wakasiyana-siyana kuita ongororo yekuona kwayo. Nyatsoongorora chikamu chimwe nechimwe uye edza kuona chimiro chayo, seruvara, chimiro, magadzirirwo, uye ukuru. Izvi zvichakubatsira kusiyanisa zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zviripo mumusanganiswa.

2. Kuparadzaniswa kwezvikamu: Kana wangoona zvikamu zvakasiyana zvemusanganiswa, zvakakosha kuti uzviparadzanise kuti uzviongorore mumwe nomumwe. Inoshandisa nzira dzekuparadzanisa kwemuviri, sefiltration, decantation kana centrifugation, zvichienderana nemaitiro emusanganiswa. Aya matekiniki anokubvumidza iwe kuti uwane akachena masampula ega ega chikamu chekuzoongorora kunotevera.

13. Kukosha kwekunzwisisa homogeneous uye heterogeneous musanganiswa mumakemikari

Homogeneous uye heterogeneous musanganiswa ndiwo akakosha pfungwa mumakemikari. Kunzwisisa musiyano uripo pakati pezviviri izvi kwakakosha kuti ukwanise kuita masvomhu chaiwo uye kuyedza murabhoritari. Chokutanga pane zvose, musanganiswa wehomogeneous ndewekuti zvikamu zvaro zvakasanganiswa zvakakwana pa molecular level, zvichiita chikamu chimwe chete. Kune rumwe rutivi, musanganiswa wakasiyana-siyana unoratidzwa nekuva nezvikamu zvisina kusanganiswa zvakakwana uye zvinogona kusiyaniswa neziso rakashama kana nerubatsiro rwemicroscope.

Zvakakosha kunzwisisa pfungwa idzi nokuti maitiro akawanda emakemikari anoenderana nemhando yemusanganiswa. Iyo homogeneity yemusanganiswa inogona kukanganisa mwero wekuita, kuumbwa kwezvigadzirwa, uye kugona kwemaitiro. Semuyenzaniso, muindasitiri yemishonga, zvakakosha kuti mishonga ive mune imwe homogeneous fomu kuvimbisa kushanda uye kuchengetedzeka kwekushandisa kwayo. Pamusoro pezvo, kunzwisisa homogeneous uye heterogeneous musanganiswa unobvumidza iwe kuona kuwanda kwezvinhu mune mhinduro, iyo yakakosha mukugadzirira kemikari mhinduro nemazvo.

Kuti uone kana musanganiswa uri homogeneous kana heterogeneous, kune akasiyana matekiniki uye zvishandiso zvinogona kushandiswa. Dzimwe nzira dzakajairika dzinosanganisira kutarisa kwekuona, kuongorora kunyungudika kwezvikamu, kushandisa zviratidzo zvemakemikari, uye kuita bvunzo dzemuviri nemakemikari. Pamusoro pezvo, kune mamwe matekiniki epamberi akadai sechromatography, spectroscopy uye microscopy inobvumira zvivakwa uye kuumbwa kwemusanganiswa kuti zviongororwe zvakadzama. Kuziva rudzi rwemusanganiswa uripo, zvinokwanisika kusarudza nzira dzakakodzera dzekuparadzanisa zvikamu uye kuita makemikari ekuongorora nemazvo.

14. Zvakaoma maekisesaizi ekuyedza ruzivo rwako rwehomogeneous uye heterogeneous musanganiswa

Anonetsa maekisesaizi inzira huru yekuyedza ruzivo rwako rwehomogeneous uye heterogeneous musanganiswa. Aya maekisesaizi anokubvumidza kuti ushandise pfungwa dzakadzidzwa uye kuyedza kugona kwako kuona nekuisa mhando dzakasiyana dzemisanganiswa. Heano maekisesaizi matatu akaoma ekuyedza ruzivo rwako:

1. Rongedza misanganiswa inotevera seyakafanana kana yakasiyana-siyana: a) mushonga wemunyu mumvura, b) musanganiswa wemvura nemafuta, c) musanganiswa wejecha nemvura. Yeuka kuti musanganiswa wehomogeneous une chimiro chakafanana uye zvikamu zvaro hazvigoni kuparadzaniswa nyore nyore, nepo musanganiswa wakasiyana-siyana une chimiro chisina kufanana uye zvikamu zvaro zvinogona kupatsanurwa nyore nyore. Nyora pasi mhinduro dzako wotarisa kana dzakarurama.

2. Fungidzira kuti une musanganiswa usingazivikanwi mumudziyo. Ungaziva sei kana iri homogeneous kana heterogeneous? Imwe nzira yekuita izvi ndeyekutarisa kutaridzika kwemusanganiswa. Kana ichiita seyakafanana, inogona kunge yakafanana. Zvisinei, kana zvikamu zvakasiyana zvichionekwa kana zvikamu zvakasiyana zvinogona kusiyaniswa, zvinogona kunge zvakasiyana. Imwe sarudzo ndeyekuedza kuparadzanisa zvikamu zvemusanganiswa uchishandisa nzira dzemuviri dzakadai sefiltration kana decantation. Kana zvikamu zvinogona kuparadzaniswa nyore nyore, zvino musanganiswa wacho wakasiyana.

3. Gadzirisa dambudziko rinotevera: une musanganiswa wejecha nemvura mumudziyo, uye unoda kuwana jecha chete. Ndeipi nzira yaungashandisa kuparadzanisa jecha nemvura? Imwe sarudzo yekuparadzanisa jecha kubva mumvura ingave kushandisa nzira yekusefa. Kuti uite izvi, unogona kuisa sefa (yakadai sejira kana sefa bepa) pamusoro pefunnel uye wodira musanganiswa kuburikidza nesefa. Mvura ichapfuura nepasefa, nepo jecha richizovharirwa mariri. Nenzira iyi, unogona kuita kuti jecha riparadzaniswe nemvura. Imwe sarudzo ingave yekushandisa decanting, kurega musanganiswa ugare kusvika jecha radzika pasi uye nekunyatsodira mvura pasina kubvongodza kuti iparadzanise nejecha.

Edza ruzivo rwako nekugadzirisa izvi zvinonetsa zviitwa pane homogeneous uye heterogeneous musanganiswa! Rangarira kuti kudzidzira uye kugara uchidzidza zvinokubatsira kuvandudza kunzwisisa kwako kwechinyorwa ichi.

Mukupedzisa, maekisesaizi pahomogeneous uye heterogeneous musanganiswa chishandiso chakakosha kunzwisisa nekushandisa pfungwa dzedzidziso dzine chekuita nekemikari yezvinhu muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. Kuburikidza nekuita uye kugadziriswa kwezviitwa izvi, takakwanisa kunzwisisa kukosha kwekusiyanisa pakati pehomogeneous uye heterogeneous musanganiswa uye kuti zvikamu zvinogona kuzivikanwa nekuparadzaniswa sei mune imwe neimwe nyaya. Pamusoro pezvo, takadzidza kushandisa nzira dzakananga uye matekiniki ekugadzirisa maekisesaizi anoshanda, sefiltration, decantation, centrifugation uye distillation. Aya maekisesaizi akatiratidza kukosha kwemusanganiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana, kubva kukemikari kuenda kuindasitiri yechikafu, uye magadzirirwo aanogona uye kudzorwa kuti awane zvigadzirwa zvine chaiwo maitiro. Muchidimbu, kudzidzira maekisesaizi pane homogeneous uye heterogeneous musanganiswa kwakatibvumira kuwana ruzivo rwakasimba mundima yekemikari uye nekuishandisa nenzira inoshanda. nzira inoshanda.