Electrode

Electrode: sumo kune chinhu chakakosha mune yemazuva ano tekinoroji tekinoroji

Kufambira mberi mune zvemagetsi tekinoroji kwakashandura hupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva, kubva pa smartphone muhomwe dzedu kuenda kune anovandudzwa simba masisitimu anosimbisa maguta edu. Seri kwebudiriro iyi pane chinhu chakakosha chinonzi electrode, iyo inoita basa rakakosha mukufambiswa kwemagetsi mumidziyo yakasiyana-siyana uye masisitimu. Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora kuti chii chaizvo chinonzi electrode, kuti inoshanda sei, uye ndeapi marudzi aripo. mazuva ano.

Chii chinonzi electrode uye inoshanda sei?

Electrode idhizaini yemagetsi inobvumira ikozvino kufamba nayo. Inoumbwa nesimbi yesimbi, yakadai semhangura kana simbi, inogona kutungamirira magetsi zvakanaka. Basa rayo guru nderokushanda senzvimbo yekubatanidza pakati pechigadzirwa chemagetsi uye kunze kwemagetsi emagetsi. Kana magetsi achiyerera kuburikidza ne electrode, kemikari kana maitiro emuviri anoitika izvo zvinoita kuti mudziyo wawakasungirirwa ushande zvakanaka.

Mhando dzema electrode anoshandiswa mumagetsi

Mumagetsi emazuva ano, kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emagetsi anoshandiswa kune zvakasiyana-siyana. Imwe yemhando dzakajairika ndeye welding electrode, iyo inoshandiswa kubatanidza zvikamu zvemagetsi kudunhu rakadhindwa. Imwe mhando yakakosha ndeye bhatiri electrode, iyo chikamu chemagetsi emagetsi anoshandiswa mukugadzirwa uye kuchengetedza simba. Mukuwedzera, kune ma electrodes anoshandiswa mumagetsi electrostimulation, semukurapa kwekurapa uye kukurudzira tsandanyama.

mhedziso

Muchidimbu, ma electrode zvinhu zvakakosha muhunyanzvi hwemazuva ano hwemagetsi. Basa rayo guru nderekubvumidza kuyerera kwemagetsi ikozvino uye kumisikidza mapoinzi ekubatanidza pakati pemidziyo nemaseketi ekunze. Kune marudzi akasiyana emagetsi anoshandiswa mumagetsi, rimwe nerimwe rakagadzirirwa kuzadzisa rimwe basa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa. Naizvozvo, kunzwisisa mashandiro uye marudzi akasiyana emagetsi kwakakosha pakuenderera mberi nekuvandudzika kwehunyanzvi hwemagetsi.

Electrode

El Icho chinhu chakakosha mune akawanda emagetsi maitiro uye masisitimu. Inosanganisira conductor inobvumira kutamiswa kwemagetsi kuenda kana kubva kune conductive medium. Basa rayo guru nderekushanda senzvimbo yekusangana kana kuti terminal yemagetsi, ichibvumira kupinda kana kubuda kwema electrons. s inoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushandisa, kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvekurapa kusvika kune renewable energy systems.

In the zvokurapa, s inoita basa rakakosha mukutarisa nekuongororwa kwezvirwere. Izvo zvinoshandiswa kunyora basa remagetsi remoyo, uropi uye dzimwe nhengo dzinokosha. Zvishandiso zvekurapa zvakagadzirirwa ne biocompatible zvinhu uye zvinoiswa zvakananga paganda kana kuiswa mumuviri. Pamusoro pekutarisa, s inoshandiswawo mumagetsi ekusimudzira ekurapa kurapa zvirwere zvakaita sechirwere cheParkinson kana kurwadziwa kusingaperi.

In the simba munda, s inoita basa rakakosha mumabhatiri uye masero emafuta. Mumabhatiri, s inobvumira kuita kwemakemikari inogadzira magetsi emagetsi. Mumasero emafuta, s catalyze maitiro pakati pehuturu neoxidant kugadzira simba. Kufambira mberi kwezvinhu zvema smartphone kwakonzera kuvandudzwa kwakanyanya musimba rekuchengetedza simba uye kushanda nesimba. Pamusoro pezvo, s dzinoshandiswawo mumasisitimu ekuchengetedza simba senge supercapacitors, uko dhizaini yavo uye kuumbwa kwavo kunokanganisa kukurumidza kuchaja uye kugona kuburitsa.

Kuumbwa uye marudzi e electrode

Kuumbwa kwe electrodes Icho chinhu chakakosha mukuita kwayo uye kugona kwayo kuita welding maitiro. zvinobudirira. I-electrodes inogadzirwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, zvichienderana nemhando ye welding uye yekushandisa zvakananga. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakajairika ndeye tungsten, iyo inoshandiswa mu tungsten electrodes yeTIG welding. Ichi chinyorwa chine kupisa kwakanyanya kupikisa uye yakanakisa kupisa conductivity, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakakurumbira mukupisa kwekushisa kwekushandisa. Zvimwe zvinhu zvakajairika zvinosanganisira mhangura, zingi uye simbi, iyo inoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi zvichienderana ne Zvinhu zvake magetsi uye kusimba.

Kune marudzi akasiyana e electrode iyo inoshandiswa muwelding, imwe neimwe iine maitiro ayo chaiwo uye mashandisirwo. Tungsten electrodes anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muTIG welding nekuda kwekupisa kwavo kupisa uye kugona kupa yakagadzikana ikozvino. Carbon electrodes, kune rumwe rutivi, akakodzera kune arc welding sezvo achikwanisa kushingirira emagetsi epamusoro pasina kunyungudika. Mamwe marudzi emagetsi anosanganisira Stainless simbi maelectrodes, ayo akanakisa pakutungidza ferrous uye non-ferrous simbi, uye aruminiyamu electrodes, ayo anoshandiswa welding aruminiyamu uye alloys ayo.

Kusarudza mhando yakakodzera ye electrode Izvo zvinoenderana nezvikonzero zvakati, senge rudzi rwewelding, rudzi rwesimbi inosungirirwa uye mamiriro ekushanda. Zvakakosha kusarudza electrode inowirirana nesimbi yepasi uye inopa arc yakagadzikana uye yakanaka weld quality. Zvakakoshawo kufunga nezvekugara kwe electrode uye hupenyu hwayo hunobatsira, sezvo electrode yakasakara inogona kukanganisa kunaka kweweld. Pakazere, kusarudza iyo chaiyo electrode kwakakosha kuti uwane yakabudirira uye inogara kwenguva refu weld.

Tsanangudzo yakadzama yemhando dzakasiyana dzema electrode anoshandiswa mune akasiyana maindasitiri nesainzi maapplication.

Kune marudzi akasiyana emagetsi anoshandiswa mumaindasitiri nesainzi zvikumbiro. Electrodes anoshandiswa kuita maitiro akasiyana senge welding, electrochemical machining, voltammetry, electrophoresis uye electrodialysis, pakati pevamwe. Mhando yega yega ye electrode ine chaiwo maitiro anoenderana nezvinodiwa zvega rega rekushandisa. Zvadaro, marudzi makuru emagetsi anoshandiswa munzvimbo idzi achatsanangurwa.

Imwe yemhando dzakajairika dzemagetsi ndeye tungsten electrode. Iri rudzi rwe electrode rinonyanya kushandiswa muwelding process, senge tungsten arc welding (TIG). Tungsten chinhu chinopisa uye chinodzivirira kupisa, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakanakisa yekupisa tembiricha welding application. Tungsten electrodes inoshandiswawo mune zvesainzi zvikumbiro, senge mass spectrometry uye capillary electrophoresis.

Imwe mhando inoshandiswa zvakanyanya ye electrode ndiyo referensi electrode. Iyi electrode inoshandiswa kumisikidza uye kuchengetedza inogara ichinongedza mukana mune imwe electrochemical cell. Inonyanya kushandiswa rereferenzi electrode ndiyo saturated calomel electrode (SCS). ECS ine paste ye mercury uye mercury chloride yakanyudzwa mune yakazara potassium chloride solution. Iyi electrode inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuyera pH uye electrochemical kuyedza.

Zvenyama uye zvemakemikari zvimiro zve electrode

Kuongorora kwakadzama kwehunhu hwemuviri uye kemikari inotarisisa kuita uye kusimba kwema electrode.

ari electrodes Izvo zvakakosha zvikamu muzvikamu zvakasiyana senge chemistry, zvemagetsi uye mushonga. Yake kushanda uye kusimba Iwo akakosha maficha ekutarisisa kuti ave nechokwadi chekushanda uye kwenguva refu mukushandisa kwakasiyana. Mukuongorora kwakadzama uku, tichaongorora muviri uye makemikari maitiro izvo zvinopesvedzera kuita uye kusimba kwema electrode.

Chokutanga pane zvose, zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti iyo zvimiro zvemuviri ye electrode, senge chimiro chavo, ukuru uye nzvimbo yepamusoro, inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakura pakuita kwavo. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yakakura ye electrode yepamusoro inobvumira nzvimbo yakakura yekufambisa, iyo inogona kuwedzera kushanda kwe electrochemical reactions. Saizvozvo, chimiro chakakodzera che electrode chinogona kukwirisa kuyerera kwezvino kuyerera uye kuderedza maconcentration gradients, izvo zvakakosha pakuchengetedza kugadzikana uye kufanana kwe electrochemical reaction.

Kana ari makemikari zvinhu ye electrode, pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvekufunga nezvazvo. The makemikari ye electrode ichaona kugona kwayo kubvuma kana kupa maerekitironi panguva ye electrochemical reaction. Uyezve, the kuchena Izvo zvinoshandiswa mu electrode zvakakosha kuti udzivise zvisingadiwe maitiro uye kugadzirisa hupenyu hwayo hunobatsira. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha ndeche kugadzikana kwemakemikari ye electrode ichienzaniswa neyakasiyana midhiya iyo ichashandiswa. Mamwe maelectrode anogona kunge ari nyore kuita ngura kana kuora nekuda kwekusangana nemakemikari ane hutsinye, ayo anogona kukanganisa kushanda kwavo kwenguva refu uye kusimba.

Kushanda kwe electrode mu electrochemical systems

Electrodes inoita basa rakakosha mukushanda kwemaelectrochemical system. Midziyo iyi inobvumira kufambiswa kwemaerekitironi pakati pemhando dzemakemikari dziripo musero re electrochemical, kungave mukuderedza kana kuita oxidation. Kuve iyo nzvimbo yekubatana pakati peiyo sisitimu nekunze, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise chimiro chayo uye maitiro kuitira kugonesa kuita kweaya masisitimu.

Chimiro che electrodes Inosanganisira zvikamu zvakasiyana zvinozadzisa mabasa chaiwo. Chekutanga, iyo electrode substrate inopa hwaro hwakasimba hwekutsigira mamwe matinji. A conductive layer inoiswa panzvimbo iyi, inowanzo gadzirwa nekabhoni kana simbi dzakaita seplatinamu kana goridhe, iyo inobvumira kutamisa maerekitironi. Pamusoro peiyo conductive layer ndeyekupfeka kana zvimwe zvinhu. Ichi chikamu chinogona kuva chinokonzeresa, senge manganese dioxide mubhatiri realkaline, kana membrane inosarudza inobvumira mamwe maion kupfuura.

Iyo electrode-electrolyte interface Icho chimwe chezvinyorwa zvakakosha mukushanda kwema electrodes. Mudunhu rino, machaji ekuchinjisa mabatiro anoitika, zvese pa electrode pamusoro uye mune yakatenderedza mhinduro. Maitiro ekudsorption uye desorption yeion pamusoro peiyo electrode inopfumisa kana kushaisa hunyoro hwemhando yemhando iripo, iyo inopesvedzera kumhanya kwe electrochemical reaction. Uyezve, kuvapo kwetsvina mu electrolyte kunogona kukanganisa kugadzikana uye kushanda kwemagetsi, saka kuchena kwavo kunokosha.

Maitiro emagetsi sarudza maitiro avo uye mashandisirwo mumasisitimu akasiyana electrochemical. Zvinosiyana-siyana senge nzvimbo yaro, conductivity, porosity uye kugadzikana kupesana nemakemikari kuita kwakakosha pakushanda kwayo. Zvakakoshawo kufunga nezvemhando ye electrode inoshandiswa, yakadai sesimbi, kabhoni kana magetsi anokosha akadai sereferensi electrode. Iyo yekupedzisira inobvumira kuchengetedza nguva dzose yekutarisa kugona muhurongwa, iyo yakakosha mune dzakawanda dze electrochemical application.

Muchidimbu, maelectrode zvinhu zvakakosha mumagetsi emagetsi masisitimu, anobvumira kutamisa maerekitironi uye kuita kwemakemikari kuita. Chimiro chayo, electrode-electrolyte interface uye maitiro anosarudza kuita kwayo uye mashandisirwo. Kunzwisisa uye kugadzirisa zvinhu izvi kwakakosha pakuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi uye hwakagadzikana hwemagetsi emagetsi tekinoroji.

Tsananguro yakadzama yebasa rakakosha rema electrode mune electrochemical maitiro uye maitiro avo pakuita kwesystem.

Ndima 1: Electrodes zvinhu zvakakosha mu electrochemical process, sezvo ichiita senzira yekuchaja yekufambisa pakati pezvikamu zvehurongwa. Aya ma conductive midziyo inobvumira kuyerera kwemaerekitironi kuenda kana kubva kune electrolytes, ichigadzira inodiwa kemikari kuita. Magadzirirwo akakodzera uye kusarudzwa kwema electrode kunogona kuita mutsauko mukuru mukuita uye kugona kwema electrochemical system. Izvi zvinogona kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana, senge simbi, alloys kana advanced conductive zvinhu, uye sarudzo yavo inoenderana nehunhu hwehurongwa uye zvinangwa zvekushandisa.

Ndima 2: Basa rema electrode haringogumiri pakuchaja kuendesa, ivo zvakare vanopesvedzera mwero wekuita uye kushanda kwe electrochemical process. Iyo morphology uye pamusoro pema electrode ndiwo anosarudza zvinhu mukinetics ye electrochemical reaction. Nzvimbo yakakura inoshanda yepasi inogona kuwedzera chiyero chekuita nekupa mamwe mapoinzi ekuonana nema reactants, ichisimudzira kukurumidza kuchaja kutamiswa. Pamusoro pezvo, maelectrodes anogona kugadziridzwa kemikari kana kushanda neaya anokonzeresa kuti aenderere mberi nekuvandudza kushanda kwemaitiro emagetsi emagetsi, zvichibvumira shanduko huru yesimba.

Ndima 3: Kukanganisa kwemagetsi pakushanda kwemagetsi emagetsi kwakakosha. Imwe electrode isina kunaka, semuenzaniso, inogona kukonzera kudonha kwemaitiro ehurongwa nekuda kwekupokana kwemukati mukati, izvo zvinoganhurira kutamiswa kwechaji. Saizvozvo, kukora kwema electrode kunogona kukanganisa hupenyu hunobatsira uye kugadzikana kweelectrochemical system. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti usarudze zvinhu zvakakodzera uye kuita gadziriso yenguva dzose yemagetsi kuti ive nechokwadi chekuita kwakanyanya uye kurebesa kusimba kwavo. Muchidimbu, maelectrode anoita basa rakakosha mumaitiro emagetsi emagetsi uye kusarudzwa kwavo nekugadzirisa kwakananga kunopa mukuita uye kugona kwemagetsi masisitimu.

Maintenance uye kutarisirwa kwema electrode

ari electrodes Iwo chikamu chakakosha cheakawanda emagetsi maapplication uye zvishandiso. For ramba wakamuka su mashandiro y durability, akakodzera kutarisira y kugadzirisa. Pazasi pane mamwe ekurudziro kune iyo kuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza Ma electrode akakodzera:

kuchenesa nguva dzose: Chengetedza electrodes yakachena Izvo zvakakosha pakuita kwakanaka. Kuchenesa nguva dzose kunokurudzirwa kushandisa jira rakapfava, rakaoma kubvisa guruva rakaungana uye tsvina. Dzivisa kushandisa zvinonyungudutsa kana makemikari akasimba, sezvo anogona kukuvadza maelectrodes.

Kuchengetedza kwakakodzera: Kana ma electrode asingashandisi, zvakakosha kuti uzvichengete zvakanaka kuti uzvidzivirire kubva pakukuvadza. Inokurudzirwa kuvachengeta munzvimbo yakaoma uye inotonhorera, kure nekunyorova uye zuva rakananga. Zvakare, ita shuwa kuti dzadzivirirwa kubva kumapundu kana kudonha izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kuvimbika kwavo.

periodic kuongorora: Kuita nguva nenguva yekuongorora ma electrode kwakakosha kuti uone chero zviratidzo zvekupfeka, kukuvadzwa kana kuora. Kana pane anomaly akaonekwa, zvinokurudzirwa kutsiva ma electrodes nekukasira kuti ave nechokwadi chekushanda kwakakwana uye kudzivirira matambudziko anogona kuitika.

Yakananga uye inoshanda kurudziro yekuve nechokwadi chekugadzirisa uye kuwedzera hupenyu hunobatsira hwema electrode.

Electrodes zvinhu zvakakosha mumhando dzakasiyana dzeindasitiri nesainzi. Kuve nechokwadi chekugadzirisa kwayo uye kurebesa hupenyu hwayo hunobatsira kwakakosha kuti uwedzere kushanda kwayo uye kushanda kwayo. Heano mamwe chaiwo uye anoshanda kurudziro:

Chengetedza ma electrode munzvimbo yakachena uye yakaoma: Unyoro uye kusvibiswa kunogona kukanganisa kushanda kwe electrodes. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzvichengete munzvimbo yakachena uye yakaoma kuti udzivise kuunganidzwa kweguruva uye kudzivirira oxidation yesimbi electrodes. Zvakare, iva nechokwadi chekupfeka magirovhosi akachena kana uchiabata kudzivirira kutamisa oiri kana girisi zvinogona kukanganisa kuita kwavo.

Gara uchichenesa ma electrode: Debris buildup pamusoro pema electrode anogona kukanganisa hutano hwekusangana uye kutamisa chiratidzo. Kuti uchenese, shandisa jira rakapfava, rakanyoroveswa nemvura yakasvibiswa kana kuti mushonga wekuchenesa wakapfava. Dzivisa kushandisa zvine hutsinye kana abrasive zvinonyungudutsa, sezvo zvinogona kukuvadza maelectrodes. Iva nechokwadi chekuomesa electrodes zvachose mushure mekuchenesa.

Nguva dzose ongorora ma electrode: Zvakakosha kuita periodic inspections kuti uone kukuvara kunogona kuitika kana kupfeka pama electrode. Tarisa kuti hapana kutsemuka, kutsemuka kana deformations muma electrode. Uyezve, tarisa kutendeseka kwetambo uye zvibatanidza. Kana ukasangana nedambudziko chero ripi zvaro, chinja maelectrode akakuvadzwa nekukasira kuti udzivise chero kukanganisa pachiyero chekuyera kana kuita kwemidziyo.

Kusarudzwa kwakakodzera kwema electrode maererano nekushandiswa

ari electrodes Iwo chikamu chakakosha mune akawanda welding maitiro uye saka zvakakosha kuti usarudze iwo akakodzera zvichibva pane chaiyo application. Sarudzo chaiyo yemagetsi inovimbisa kunaka uye kugona kweiyo welding process, pamwe nekusimba uye kuita kwekupedzisira basa.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvekufunga nezvazvo pakusarudza ma electrode ndeye mhando yezvinhu kuti solder. Chinyorwa chega chega chine hunhu hwayo uye zvinodiwa zvewelding, saka kusarudza inoenderana electrode kwakakosha. Semuyenzaniso, kana uchitungidza simbi isina tsvina, tungsten electrodes yakavharwa necerium, lanthanum kana thorium inofanira kushandiswa, sezvo zvinhu izvi zvisingaenderane nekupisa kwepamusoro uye zvinopa kunaka kwekusagadzikana.

Chimwe chinhu chekufunga nezve zvinhu ukobvu. Nekushongedza zvimedu zvitete, ma electrode ane yakaderera welding ikozvino anokurudzirwa kudzivirira kukuvadza zvinhu. Kune rimwe divi, kune zvimedu zvakakora, maelectrode epamusoro azvino anogona kushandiswa kuwana yakasimba uye yakasimba weld. Uyezve, the polarity ye electrode yakakoshawo, sezvo inogona kukanganisa kunaka uye kugadzikana kwearc yemagetsi panguva yekuputika.

Mazano uye nhungamiro yekusarudza maelectrode akakodzera zvakanyanya zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana uye zvinodiwa zvechishandiso chega chega.

Para sarudza ma electrodes akakodzera Mune chero application, zvakakosha kufunga nezve akateedzana zvinhu zvinokosha. Kutanga, zvakakosha ongorora la nguva welding uye rudzi rwazvino yakashandiswa akavharidzirwa electrodes akanakira chikamu-nguva kana intermittent welding, ukuwo ma electrode asina chinhu Ivo vanokodzera zvirinani kumabasa ane DC uye kwenguva refu. Uyezve, Ziva el base material and the joint type welding inokoshawo kuti usarudze ma electrode akakodzera.

Imwe pfungwa yekufunga kuti riini sarudza electrode ndiyo bemhapemha mhando. Coatings anogona kusiyanisa uye kupa akasiyana zvivakwa izvo kunatsiridza weldability uye kudzivirira weld bead kurwisa oxidation uye kusvibiswa. Somuenzaniso, electrodes pamwe cellulose kupfeka kupa kupinza kwakadzika, nepo machira e rutile Iwo akanakira welding munzvimbo dzakaoma. Uyezve, zvakakosha kufunga el saizi and the electrode dhayamita kuve nechokwadi chekubudirira uye kutonga kwakakodzera kana welding.

Pakupedzisira, zvakakosha sarudza ma electrodes anobva pane chaiyo zvinodiwa uye zvinodiwa chega chega chekushandisa. Zvinhu zvakadai mechanical simbala dilutionla kushanda tembiricha and the mamiriro ekushanda Unofanira kuva kurangarirwa. Zvakakosha bvunza data yemugadziri, iyo inotsanangura hunhu uye zvakanakira imwe neimwe electrode. Nenzira iyi, yemhando uye inogara yekupedzisira mhedzisiro inogona kuvimbiswa mune ese welding application.

Kukosha kwe electrode mumishonga

ari electrodes Izvo zvinhu zvakakosha mumunda wemishonga, sezvo vachibvumira kutapurirana uye kurekodha kwemagetsi masaini mumuviri wemunhu. Aya maturusi madiki, akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinoitisa, anoshandiswa mune dzakasiyana siyana dzekurapa, kubva mukukurudzira kwemoyo kusvika pakuona huropi hunoita.

Mundima ye cardiology, electrodes Ivo vanoita basa rakakosha mukuongororwa uye kurapwa kwezvirwere zvemoyo. Vanoiswa zvine hungwaru pachifuva chemurwere kuti vayere uye vanyore kushanda kwemagetsi kwemoyo. Ruzivo urwu rwakakosha pakuona matambudziko emutsindo wemoyo uye kutungamira maitirwo ekurapa senge defibrillation.

Imwe munda apo electrodes zvakakosha ndeye neurology. Kuburikidza nemichina iyi, vanachiremba vanogona kuyera basa remagetsi reuropi, rinozivikanwa se electroencephalogram (EEG). Izvi zvinopa ruzivo rwakakosha nezvehutano hwehuropi, sekuona kubatwa nepfari, kudzidza maitiro ekurara, uye kutsvaga matishu akakuvadzwa mukukuvara kwehuropi.

Kuongororwa kwekushandiswa kwekurapa kwe electrode, kusimbisa kukosha kwavo mukuongororwa uye kurapwa kwezvirwere zvakasiyana.

Zvikumbiro mukuongororwa:
Electrodes yakashandura munda wekuongororwa kwechiremba nekubvumira kuwanikwa kwechokwadi uye munguva chaiyo pamusoro pekushanda kwenhengo dzakasiyana uye masisitimu e muviri womunhu. Nekuda kwezvishandiso izvi, vanachiremba vanogona kuita maelectrocardiograms anorekodha kushanda kwemagetsi emoyo, kuziva arrhythmias uye hosha dzemoyo nekunyatso. Pamusoro pezvo, maelectrode akakosha mukudzidza kwekuita kwehuropi kuburikidza ne electroencephalograms, iyo inofambisa kuonekwa kwehutano hwetsinga hwakadai sepfari kana mapundu europi.

Zvikumbiro mukurapa:
Electrodes anoitawo basa rinokosha mukurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Mukurapa kwakadzika kwehuropi kusimudzira, maelectrodes anoiswa muuropi kuderedza zviratidzo zvekusagadzikana senge Parkinson's, kusagadzikana kushushikana, uye dystonia. Aya ma electrode anoburitsa anodzorwa emagetsi emagetsi anogadzirisa neural chiitiko, achivandudza hupenyu hwevarwere. Nekune rimwe divi, mukurapa kwemagetsi, maelectrodes anoshandiswa kuisa magetsi akadzika-simba kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuviri, izvo zvinobatsira kubvisa marwadzo, kukurudzira kuporeswa, nekuvandudza kushanda kwemhasuru mumamiriro ekukuvara kwetsandanyama kana zvirwere.

Zviitiko zveramangwana uye kufunga:
Sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi, maelectrodes anoramba achishanduka kuti aongorore uye kurapwa kwezvirwere. Vatsvakurudzi vari kushanda paminiaturization ye electrode, iyo inobvumira kubatanidzwa kwavo mune zvisiri-invasive inotakurika michina yekurapa. Pamusoro pezvo, maelectrode anochinjika ari kugadzirwa anonyatso kuenderana nechimiro chemuviri, achiwedzera kugona kwavo uye kunyaradza kuvarwere. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kufunga nezvezvinhu zvakadai sekugara kwema electrode, njodzi yehutachiona uye kudiwa kwekudzidziswa kwakakwana mukushandiswa kwavo, kuvimbisa kushanda kwavo uye kuchengeteka munharaunda yezvokurapa.

Tekinoroji nyowani uye kufambira mberi muma electrode

Electrode Materials: Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mukugadzirwa kwe Iko kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvakakodzera. Kare, maelectrodes ainyanya kugadzirwa nesimbi dzakadai semhangura kana simbi isina tsvina. Nekudaro, mumakore achangopfuura, kwave kuri kuwedzera kufarira mukushandiswa kwezvinhu zvitsva, zvakaita senanomaterials kana graphene. Zvishandiso izvi zvinopa zvinhu zvakasarudzika, senge hukuru hwemagetsi conductivity kana kugadzikana kwakanyanya kurwisa ngura, izvo zvinovandudza kushanda uye kusimba kwema electrode.

Electrode Design: Pamusoro pezvinhu zvakashandiswa, dhizaini yema electrode yakaonawo kufambira mberi kwakakosha. Sechinyakare, maelectrodes aingova mahwendefa esimbi kana mbariro. Zvisinei, pari zvino, mamwe magadzirirwo akaomarara ari kugadzirwa anonyanya kuita zvinhu zvezvinhu zvinoshandiswa. Semuyenzaniso, maelectrode akagadzirwa ane microscopic zvimiro, senge pores kana nanotubes, ayo anowedzera inoshanda nzvimbo ye electrode uye anovandudza kushanda kwe electrochemical process. Uku kufambira mberi mukugadzira kunobvumira kuita zvirinani mumashandisirwo akadai sekugadzira simba kana kubvisa mvura.

Electrode Performance: Iko kuvandudzwa kwe Inotarisira kuvandudza kushanda kwayo mumashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, mumunda wemabhatiri, ma electrode ane simba rakakura rekuchengetedza simba uye hupenyu hurefu hunobatsira hunotsvakwa. Mumunda we electrocatalysis, kuvandudzwa kweiyo catalytic chiitiko chemagetsi inoferefetwa kuti iwedzere kushanda kwemaitiro akadai sekugadzirwa kwehydrogen. Uku kufambira mberi mukuita kwe electrode kwakakosha kufambisa kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji inogoneka uye inoshanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kubva kusimba rinodzokororwa kuenda kumidziyo yemagetsi.

Mharidzo yeazvino tekinoroji kufambira mberi mukugadzira nekugadzira maelectrode, pamwe nemhedzisiro yawo pandima dzakasiyana dzekutsvaga nekusimudzira.

Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji mukugadzira nekugadzira maelectrode kwakashandura nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekutsvaga nekusimudzira. Zviitiko zvitsva izvi zvakabvumira kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi anoshanda uye akanyatsoita, ayo akave nemhedzisiro yakakura munzvimbo dzakadai semushonga, simba uye sainzi yemidziyo.

Mundima yemishonga, kufambira mberi kweteknolojia mukugadzirwa kwe electrode kwakabvumira kusikwa kwezvigadzirisheni zvekurapa zvakanyanya uye zvakanyatsojeka. Aya ma electrode akavandudzwa anoshandiswa mukuvhiya kwakasiyana-siyana, sekukurudzira kwakadzika kwehuropi, electrocardiography uye electroencephalography. Nekuda kwekufambira mberi uku, vanachiremba vanogona kuwana ruzivo rwakanyanya nezvehuropi hwevarwere kana kuita kwemoyo, izvo zvakavandudza kuongororwa uye kurapwa kwezvirwere zvetsinga nemoyo.

Mumunda wesimba, kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji mukugadzirwa kwe electrode nekugadzira kwakabatsira mukuvandudza kushanda kwebhatiri uye kuita. Aya maelectrode akavandudzwa anobvumira kubhadharisa kukuru uye kuburitsa simba, izvo zvinoshandura hupenyu hurefu hwebhatiri uye kushomeka kudzoreredza. Pamusoro pezvo, kufambira mberi uku kwakagonesawo kushandiswa kwemabhatiri ane simba guru mumidziyo midiki yemagetsi, senge ma smartphones nematablet.

Mumunda wesainzi yemidziyo, kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji mukugadzirwa kwe electrode nekugadzira kwakabvumira kuvandudzwa kwezvimwe zvinhu zvitsva uye zvinoenderana. Aya maelectrode akagadziridzwa anogona kushandiswa mune akasiyana maapplication, senge masensor, catalysts uye maelectrodes emafuta masero. Pamusoro pezvo, kufambira mberi uku kwakavhurawo musuwo wekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvine zvinhu zvisati zvamboitika, senge flexible or self-healing electrodes, iyo inovhura mikana yakawanda yekutsvagisa nekuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvepamusoro.

Muchidimbu, kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji mukugadzirwa kwe electrode nekugadzira kwakave nekukanganisa kwakasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekutsvaga nekusimudzira. Kufambira mberi uku kwakagonesa kugadzirwa kwezvishandiso zvekurapa zvemhando yepamusoro, kuvandudza kushanda kwebhatiri nekuita, uye kuvandudzwa kwezvimwe zvinhu zvitsva uye zvinogoneka mune zvesainzi. Nekufambira mberi kutsva kwega kwega, mikana mitsva inovhurika uye miganhu ye electrode tekinoroji inosundirwa zvakanyanya.