[Tanga-Nhanganyaya]
Iyo geography yeBrazil inzvimbo yakakura uye yakasiyana-siyana inosanganisa huwandu hwakasiyana hwechisikigo uye tsika. Mupepa jena iri, tichaongorora zvinhu zvakakosha zvinoumba geography yenyika iyi yakakura yeSouth America. Kubva pahuwandu hwayo uye zororo kune yayo hydrography, mamiriro ekunze uye zvinomera, chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi chinoita basa rakakosha mukunzwisisa kuoma uye hupfumi hwenzvimbo yeBrazil. Kuongorora zvinhu izvi zvakadzama kunobvumira chiono chakajeka uye chakadzama chenyika inoyevedza inotsanangura nyika ino. [END-INTRO]
1. Nhanganyaya kune geography yeBrazil: huwandu hwevanhu, zororo, hydrography, mamiriro ekunze uye zvinomera
Nzvimbo yeBrazil yakasiyana zvakanyanya uye ine zvakasiyana siyana zvechisikigo. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora zvimwe zvakakosha zvejogirafi yenyika, senge huwandu hwayo, zororo, hydrography, mamiriro ekunze uye zvinomera.
Pahuwandu hwevanhu, Brazil ndiyo nyika yechishanu ine vanhu vakawanda pasi rose, ine vagari vanopfuura 211 miriyoni. Kugovewa kwehuwandu hakuna kurongeka, nzvimbo dziri mumahombekombe egungwa nemaguta ndidzo dzine vanhu vakawanda. Zvisinei, kunewo nzanga dzokumaruwa dzakapararira mukati menyika. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana muhuwandu ndeimwe yemhando huru dzehuwandu hweBrazil.
Panyaya yekuyamura, Brazil ine nzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana. Nyika yacho inoyambutswa nemakomo eAndes, ayo anoyambuka nharaunda yawo kubva kuchamhembe kuenda kumaodzanyemba. Pamusoro pemakomo, Brazil inewo mapani akakura emumhenderekedzo yegungwa, akadai sePantanal yakakura nebani reAmazon. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuyamura ndizvo zvinokonzeresa hupfumi hukuru hwepanyama uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowanikwa munyika.
Brazil's hydrography inoshamisa zvakaenzana, ine network yakakura yenzizi nemadziva. Rwizi rweAmazon rwakatanhamara, runova rwizi rwakareba uye rwakakura kupfuura dzimwe dzose pasi rose. Pamusoro pezvo, Brazil ine huwandu hukuru hwezviwanikwa zvemvura, senge pasi pevhu nemadziva. Iyi mitumbi yemvura inoita basa rakakosha muhupenyu hwevaBrazil, ichipa mvura yekushandisa, yekudiridza pakurima, uye kugadzira magetsi emagetsi.
Mamiriro ekunze eBrazil anosiyana zvichienderana nekusiyana kwenzvimbo yenyika. Kubva kumamiriro ekunze anopisa munharaunda yekuchamhembe kusvika kumamiriro ekunze anodziya kumaodzanyemba, Brazil ine huwandu hwakawanda hwemamiriro ekunze. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti Brazil iri kumaodzanyemba hemisphere, zvinoreva kuti Mwaka yegore inopesana neyekuchamhembe kwehemisphere.
Panyaya yezvinomera, Brazil inozivikanwa nekuda kweAmazon rainforest, inoonekwa sesango rinonaya mvura zhinji pasi rose. Nzvimbo iyi ine marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvinomera nemhuka. Mukuwedzera kune sango reAmazon, Brazil ine mamwe marudzi ezvinomera, akadai seCerrado, Caatinga, Pantanal uye Atlantic Forest. Imwe neimwe yenzvimbo idzi ine hunhu hwakasiyana maererano nemaruva nemhuka.
Muchidimbu, geography yeBrazil yakapfuma uye yakasiyana. Huwandu hwayo, zororo, hydrography, mamiriro ekunze uye zvinomera zvinobatsira mukusarudzika uye runako rwenyika. Kuongorora nekunzwisisa zvinhu izvi kwakakosha kuti titende kuomarara nekukosha kwenzvimbo yeBrazil.
2. Kugoverwa kwevanhu muBrazil: kuongororwa kwevanhu
Kugoverwa kwevanhu muBrazil inyaya yakakosha zvikuru kunzwisisa chimiro uye shanduko yehuwandu munyika ino. Mukuongorora uku kwehuwandu, isu tichaongorora zvinhu zvikuru zvine chekuita nekugoverwa kwevanhu muBrazil, kusanganisira yakakosha data data uye mafambiro nekufamba kwenguva.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kugoverwa kwevanhu muBrazil kuwanda kwevanhu. Ichi chiratidzo chinotibvumira kuziva nhamba yevagari venzvimbo yeyuniti uye kugovera kwavo nharaunda. Kuburikidza nedata kubva kuBrazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), tichanzwisisa kuti huwandu hwevanhu hunogoverwa sei munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeBrazil uye ndidzo nzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda.
Pamusoro pezvo, tichaongorora kugovaniswa kwevanhu nezera uye murume kana mukadzi. Kuburikidza neruzivo rwakadzama rwehuwandu hwevanhu, tichazivisa kugoverwa nemapoka ezera uye chikamu chevarume nevakadzi muhuwandu hweBrazil. Idzi data richatibatsira kunzwisisa mamiriro ehuwandu hwenyika uye zvipingamupinyi zvinobvira nemikana inogona kumuka munzvimbo dzakaita sehutano, dzidzo uye musika wevashandi.
3. Zvimiro zvekuyamura kweBrazil: makomo, mapani uye mapani
Rusununguko rweBrazil runoratidzwa nekusiyana kwayo kwenzvimbo, iyo inosanganisira makomo, mapani uye mapani. Aya maitiro enzvimbo ane chekuita kwakakura pamamiriro ekunze, zvinomera uye kugoverwa kwezviwanikwa munyika.
Chekutanga, Brazil ine makomo akakura anozivikanwa seSierra del Mar, ayo anotambanuka achitevedza gungwa reAtlantic. Nzvimbo iyi yemakomo inozivikanwa nokuda kwekukwirira kwayo kuri pakati nepakati uye miti yakakora. Inoumba chipingamupinyi chemusikirwo pakati pegungwa nenharaunda dzemukati menyika.
Kune rumwe rutivi, ruyamuro rweBrazil runoumbwawo nemapani akakura, akadai seAmazon Plain neMato-Grossense Pantanal. Idzi nzvimbo dzakafuratira dzinozivikanwa nekubereka kwadzo uye dzakanakira kurima nekupfuya zvipfuyo. Mukuwedzera, ivo vari musha kune zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira marudzi akawanda emarudzi.
Pakupedzisira, Brazil ine nhevedzano yemapani, akadai seCentral Plateau uye Mato Grosso Plateau. Aya matunhu akakwirira anoumbwa nematombo ekare uye ane runyararo rwakati sandarara. Inzvimbo dzine hunyanzvi hwekushandiswa kwemigodhi uye kurimwa kwezvirimwa zvekutengesa zvakaita sesoya beans nekofi.
Muchidimbu, zororo reBrazil musanganiswa wemakomo, mapani uye mapani, rimwe nerimwe rine hunhu hwakasiyana. Misiyano yemamiriro ekunze iyi ine chekuita nekusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu munyika, kurima nehupfumi hwenyika. Zvakakosha kuziva nekukoshesa kusiyana kwenzvimbo yeBrazil kuti unzwisise zviri nani ndima yayo yakakura.
4. Hydrographic network yeBrazil: nzizi huru uye mabheseni adzo
Brazil's hydrographic network inoumbwa nenhevedzano yenzizi huru nemabheseni adzo. Nzizi idzi dzine basa rakakosha muhurongwa mvura yenyika uye yakakosha kuhupfumi uye zvekufambisa. Pazasi, dzimwe dzenzizi dzakanyanya kukosha muBrazil uye mabheseni mavanenge vari vachatsanangurwa.
Imwe yenzizi dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa muBrazil iAmazon River, iyo yakareba makiromita anopfuura 6.400 uye inonzi rwizi rukurusa pasi rose. Bheseni rayo, rinozivikanwa seAmazon basin, rinofukidza nzvimbo yakakura inopfuura 7 miriyoni mativi emakiromita, ingangoita makumi mana muzana enzvimbo yeBrazil. Rwizi rweAmazon runoita basa rakakosha mukufambisa kwenzizi zvinhu uye zvakare kumusha kune akasiyana akasiyana ezvipenyu.
Rumwe rwizi rwakakosha ndirwo Rwizi rweParaná, rune kureba kwemakiromita anosvika 4.880 uye runopfuura nenyika nhatu: Brazil, Paraguay neArgentina. Bheseni rayo rinotambanuka kweanopfuura makiromita e2.800 uye rinofukidza nzvimbo yakakura inosanganisira maguta akakosha akadai seSão Paulo neBuenos Aires. Rwizi rweParaná runoshandiswa kugadzira simba remagetsi emvura uye yakakoshawo pakurima, sezvo ichidiridza nzvimbo dzakakura dzevhu rakaorera.
5. Mamiriro ekunze eBrazil: kupatsanura uye mamiriro ekunze
Mamiriro ekunze eBrazil akaiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemamiriro ekunze nekuda kwenzvimbo yayo yakakura uye pesvedzero yeakasiyana enzvimbo. Nzvimbo idzi dzinoonekwa nekusiyana kwadzo mukupisa, kunaya kwemvura uye zvimwe zviitiko zvemuchadenga.
Kazhinji, nzvimbo shanu dzemamiriro ekunze makuru dzinogona kutariswa muBrazil: equatorial zone, iyo inopisa nzvimbo, yakakwirira-yakakwirira-inopisa inonaya mvura, inoshandura nzvimbo yekupisa uye subtropical zone. Imwe neimwe yenzvimbo idzi ine chaiyo mamiriro ekunze, ayo anokanganisa zvinomera, zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye zviitiko zvehupfumi zvedunhu rega rega.
Equatorial zone iri munharaunda yeAmazon uye inoratidzwa nekuve nekupisa kwakanyanya uye kunaya kwemvura yakawanda gore rose. Mukupesana, iyo subtropical zone, iri kumaodzanyemba kwenyika, ine mwaka zvinonyatsotsanangurwa, nekudziya kwezhizha uye kutonhora kwechando. Munzvimbo dzinopisa, dzose dzakakwirira uye dzekuchinja, tembiricha dzakakwirira uye kunaya kunosiyana zvichienderana nemwaka.
6. Zvinomera muBrazil: kubva kuAmazon rainforest kusvika kumahombekombe egungwa
Zvinomera muBrazil zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvakawanda, kubva kune inoyevedza Amazon rainforest kusvika kumahombekombe egungwa mangroves. Sango reAmazon rinowanikwa zvakanyanya mudunhu rekuchamhembe kwenyika uye rinoonekwa sesango rinonaya mvura zhinji pasi rose. Nekanopi yayo yakasvibira yakasvibira, imusha wemhando dzakasiyana siyana dze zvirimwa nemhuka, mazhinji acho ari munharaunda. Mikoko, kune rumwe rutivi, inotambanuka ichitevedza mhenderekedzo yeBrazil uye inharaunda yakasarudzika inobata kudzikama kuri pakati penyika negungwa.
Sango reAmazon rinozivikanwa nokusiyana-siyana kwaro kwezvipenyu, uye mamiriyoni emarudzi ezvinomera nemhuka achiri kuwanikwa. Miti yaro mirefu, ine mashizha, yakadai seceiba nerabha, inodzora nzvimbo yacho, ichigovera utiziro hunokosha kushiri, zvinokambaira nezvinoyamwisa. Pamusoro pezvo, sango reAmazon rinogara zvakare kune miti yakasiyana-siyana yemishonga inoshandiswa nenharaunda dzeko kurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.
Kana ari mangrove emumhenderekedzo yegungwa, zvipenyu izvi zvinoratidzirwa nekusarudzika kwadzo kumamiriro emahombekombe, nemiti inokwanisa kushivirira kushanduka kwemunyu uye ivhu rakazara nemvura. Vanopa hugaro hwakakosha kune dzakasiyana siyana dzemahombekombe egungwa, kusanganisira hozhwa, magakanje, shiri dzemvura uye hove. Pamusoro pekukosha kwezvakatipoteredza, mangrove anoitawo basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza mahombekombe eBrazil, achishanda sezvipingamupinyi zvechisikigo kubva kumadutu uye kubvisa kukanganiswa kwemasaisai.
Muchidimbu, zvinomera muBrazil zvinotangira pahumambo hweAmazon rainforest kusvika kune simba remahombekombe egungwa mangroves. Aya akasarudzika ecosystem akakosha zvikuru zvese maererano ne biodiversity uye ecosystem masevhisi. Kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza nzvimbo idzi kwakakosha kuchengetedza hutano hwezvipenyu uye kuve nechokwadi cheramangwana rakasimba reBrazil nepasirese.
7. Mhedzisiro yejografi pahupfumi uye nzanga yeBrazil
Geography yeBrazil yakaita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika nemagariro. Hukuru hwayo hukuru uye yakasarudzika nzvimbo yenzvimbo yakapesvedzera zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupfumi hweBrazil uye nzanga. Imwe yenzira huru iyo geography yakakanganisa Brazil ndeye kuburikidza nehupfumi hwayo hwakawanda. Nyika ine zviwanikwa zvakasiyana zvakaita semafuta, gasi, zvicherwa, ivhu rakaorera pamwe nekusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu izvo zvasimudzira zvikamu zvakakosha munyaya dzehupfumi zvakaita sekurima, zvicherwa pamwe nekushanyirwa kwenyika. Zviwanikwa izvi zvakaunza tsime rinokosha rekuwana mari nemabasa, zvichiita kuti hupfumi hwenyika husimukire.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chekukanganisa kwe geography paBrazil ndeye yakakura uye yakasiyana network yenzizi uye nzira dzemvura. Izvi zvakabvumira kuvandudzwa kwedandemutande rakakura rekufambisa mvura, kufambisa kutengeserana kwemukati uye kutengeswa kwezvigadzirwa kunze kwenyika. Nzizi dzakashandiswawo kugadzira simba remagetsi emvura, sosi yakakosha yesimba muBrazil. Nekudaro, zvakakoshawo kutaura kuti geography yaunza matambudziko ekugadzirisa nyika, nekuda kwehukuru hwayo uye kuvapo kwenzvimbo dziri kure kana dzakaoma-kusvika, izvo zvinoreva kukwira kwemitengo yekufambisa uye kuomerwa mukugovaniswa kwezvinhu nemasevhisi. .
Uyezve, kusiyana-siyana kwenzvimbo yeBrazil kwakakanganisa tsika nemagariro ayo. Nyika iyi ine nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva kumasango anopisa kusvika kumahombekombe eparadhiso, ayo akakwezva vashanyi vanobva kumativi ose enyika. Kushanya kwave kuita kwakakosha mari yenyika, kuunza mabasa uye kubatsira mukusimudzira nharaunda. Saizvozvo, kusiyana kwenzvimbo kwakakanganisa maitiro ekurima uye kugoverwa kwevanhu, netsika dzakasiyana nemararamiro munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeBrazil.
8. Kuwanda kwevanhu vemumaguta nemaruwa: misiyano nematambudziko mumamiriro enzvimbo
Huwandu hwevanhu vemumaguta nemaruwa vanopa misiyano yakakura mumamiriro enzvimbo. Misiyano iyi inovhara huwandu hwevanhu, hupfumi, magariro uye zvakatipoteredza, uye inokonzeresa nhevedzano yematambudziko kune ese ari maviri madhorobha nemaruwa.
Imwe ye misiyano mikuru pakati pevagari vemumaguta nemaruwa ndiko kuwandirwa kwevanhu munzvimbo yakapihwa. Nepo nzvimbo dzemumaguta dzichiwanzove nevanhu vakawanda, nenhamba huru yevanhu vanogara munzvimbo diki, nzvimbo dzekumaruwa dzakapararira uye dzine huwandu hwevanhu hushoma. Izvi zvine zvazvinoreva maererano nemabasa ehurumende, zvivakwa uye kuwana zviwanikwa, sezvo nzvimbo dzemumaguta dzingave dzakashongedzerwa zviri nani kuita zvinodiwa nevanhu vakawanda.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chemisiyano pakati pevagari vemumaguta nemaruwa chinowanikwa mumabasa ehupfumi akanyanya. Munzvimbo dzemumadhorobha, panowanzova nekusiyana kukuru kwezvikamu zvehupfumi, zvakaita semaindasitiri nemasevhisi, zvichibvumira kuwanda kwemikana yemabasa. Nekune rimwe divi, kumaruwa kurima nezvipfuyo ndiwo ndiwo ndiwo mabasa akakosha zvikuru munyaya dzeupfumi, kunyange hazvo kuine mamwewo akaita sekushanya kumaruwa. Kusaenzana kwezvikamu zveupfumi uku kunopa zvimhingamipinyi munyaya dzekuwaniswa kwemabasa nekusimudzira upfumi kumaruwa.
Nezve matambudziko akatarisana nevagari vemumaguta nemaruwa, zvimwe zvakakosha zvinogona kutaurwa. Mumamiriro emumaguta, kuwedzera kusingadzoreki kwehuwandu hwevanhu kunogona kukonzera matambudziko akadai sekushaikwa kwedzimba, kuwanda kwemigwagwa uye kuzara kwemabasa eruzhinji. Nekune rimwe divi, nzvimbo dzekumaruwa dzinowanzosangana nematambudziko ane chekuita nekushaikwa kwezvivakwa, zvakaita semigwagwa nemabasa ehutano, pamwe nekutamira kumaguta kunotsvaga magariro akanaka. Matambudziko aya anoda nzira dzakanangana nemhinduro dzakachinjirwa kune imwe neimwe mamiriro kuvimbisa budiriro inoenderera uye yakaenzana munzvimbo mbiri.
9. Ruyamuro sechinhu chinotaridza pakubata nekushandiswa kwevhu muBrazil
Kusununguka ndicho chinhu chinotaridza mune basa uye kushandiswa yepasi muBrazil. Mamiriro enzvimbo yenyika, kusanganisira nzvimbo dzayo uye maumbirwo emakomo, zvakakonzera zvakananga kugoverwa kwevanhu uye mabasa ehupfumi munzvimbo dzakasiyana.
Nzvimbo dzine makomo, dzakadai seSerra do Mar neSerra da Mantiqueira, dzinopa nzvimbo yakanaka yezviitwa zvakadai sekushanya uye kugadzirwa kwekofi nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze uye ivhu rakaorera munzvimbo dzakakwirira. Matunhu aya akakosha zvikuru mune zveupfumi kuBrazil.
Ukuwo, nzvimbo dzakati sandarara uye dzakadzika, dzakadai sePantanal neAmazon, dzinonyanya kushandiswa pakurima nezvipfuyo. Matunhu aya akakodzera kurima zvakasiyana siyana zvekurima zvakaita sesoya bhinzi nechibage uye kunogara zvipfuyo zvakawanda. Kugoverwa kwemabasa ehupfumi aya kunoenderana zvakananga neiyo topography yenyika uye mamiriro echisikigo enzvimbo imwe neimwe.
10. Kukosha kwezviwanikwa zvemvura mukusimudzira hupfumi uye kwezvakatipoteredza muBrazil
Kuwanikwa uye kutonga kwakakwana kwezviwanikwa zvemvura kwakakosha kwakakosha mukusimudzira hupfumi uye kwezvakatipoteredza muBrazil. Nyika ino, inozivikanwa nekuwanda kwehupfumi hwayo, ine nzizi dzakawanda, madziva uye matura emvura epasi pevhu ayo anoumba nzvimbo yakakosha yezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupfumi, sekurima, kugadzira simba uye kushanya. Pamusoro pezvo, zviwanikwa izvi zvinoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza zvipenyu zvemumvura nepasi, pamwe nekugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze.
Chekutanga pane zvese, zvakakosha kuita marongero nezvirongwa zvinokurudzira kuchengetedza uye kushandiswa kwakasimba kwezviwanikwa zvemvura muBrazil. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutorwa kwemaitiro ekutonga kwakanaka, sekugadzwa kwenzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzemvura, kudzorwa kwekuchera mvura uye kusimudzirwa kwemichina inoshanda muzvikamu zvekurima nemagetsi. Saizvozvowo, zvirongwa zvedzidzo yezvakatipoteredza zvinofanirwa kusimudzirwa zvinosimudzira ruzivo pakati peveruzhinji nezvekukosha kwemvura uye kukurudzira kushandiswa kwayo zvine hungwaru.
Chechipiri, zvinodikanwa kuisa mari muzvivakwa zvemvura zvinobvumira kutonga kwakakwana kwezviwanikwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuvakwa kwemadhamu, madiridziro nematanho ekuparadzira. mvura yekunwa izvo zvinovimbisa kugara uye kunaka kwekupa. Kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekuchenesa mvura yetsvina kwakakoshawo kuderedza kusvibiswa uye kuchengetedza kunaka kwezviwanikwa zvemvura. Kusimukira kwese uku kunofanirwa kutsigirwa nemutemo wakasimba uye hurongwa hwekutonga hunoshanda hunovimbisa kuchengetedzwa uye kuwana kwakaenzana kwezviwanikwa zvemvura kune ese zvikamu zveBrazilian nzanga.
Mukupedzisa, hazvirambiki. Kutarisira kwayo kwakanaka uye kuchengetedza kwakakosha kuvimbisa kupihwa kwemvura yezviitwa zvehupfumi uye kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvemumvura uye zvepasi. Nekuita marongero ekuchengetedza, kushandiswa kwakasimba kwezviwanikwa uye kuisa mari muzvivakwa zvemvura, Brazil inogona kuve neramangwana rakabudirira uye rakagadzikana kuzvizvarwa zvichauya.
11. Mhedzisiro yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze pane geography yeBrazil: njodzi uye matanho ekugadzirisa
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kukonzera kukanganisa kwakakura pajogirafi yeBrazil, izvo zvinomirira njodzi kumamiriro ekunze uye kusiyana kwemagariro nehupfumi. Imwe yenjodzi huru ndeyekuwedzera kwekuwanda uye kusimba kwemamiriro ekunze akanyanya, sekusanaya kwemvura, mafashama nemadutu, izvo zvinogona kukonzeresa kuondomoka kwevhu uye kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenyika.
Takatarisana nematambudziko aya, zvakakosha kuti tiite matanho ekugadzirisa ayo anotitendera kutarisana nekukanganisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Imwe yenzira dzakakosha ndeyekusimbisa manejimendi enjodzi, nekuona nekutarisa nzvimbo dzakanyanya kutarisana nezviitiko zvakanyanyisa. Saizvozvo, zvakakosha kusimudzira kuchengetedzwa kwechisikigo ecosystem, sezvo ivo vachiita sevanodzora mamiriro ekunze uye vachipa akakosha ecosystem masevhisi ekugadzirisa.
Imwe nhanho yakakosha kusimudzira kuronga kwenzvimbo kwakadzikama, kubatanidza kutariswa kwemamiriro ekunze muzvirongwa zvebudiriro yemaguta nemaruwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandiswa kwemaitiro egreen infrastructure, sekugadzirwa kwebiological corridors, mapaki emaguta uye nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza, izvo zvinobatsira kuderedza kusagadzikana kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Pamusoro pezvo, maitiro ekurima anoenderera mberi uye kusiyanisa kwehupfumi kunofanirwa kusimudzirwa, kuderedza kutsamira pazvinhu zvinokonzeresa kudziya kwepasi, sekutema masango uye kupiswa kwemafuta.
12. Kudyara zvipenyu muBrazil: akasiyana ecosystems uye endemic mhando
Brazil inozivikanwa pasi rese nekuda kwekusiyana kwayo kwezvirimwa zvakasiyana. Zvisikwa zvezvipenyu zvemunyika muno munogara kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvipenyu, ndiko kuti, zvinomera zvinongowanikwa munharaunda iyi. Aya maecosystem akasarudzika anopa pekugara pakanakira kugadzirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzemaruva, uye anobatsira zvakanyanya mukusiyana-siyana kwepasi rose.
Pakati pezvinhu zvipenyu zvakatanhamara pane sango rinogara richinaya reAmazon, iro rinogara kumarudzi akasiana-siana makurusa emiti munyika. Nharaunda inopisa iyi ine marudzi anodarika 40,000 XNUMX emiti, mazhinji acho ari munzvimbo iyi. Pamusoro pezvo, Brazil zvakare ine zvimwe zvinomiririra ecosystems, senge Cerrado, Pantanal uye Atlantic Sango, imwe neimwe yadzo inogara huwandu hukuru hwemhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa.
Kudyara zvipenyu muBrazil kwakakosha kwakakosha kwete kubva pamaonero ezvakatipoteredza, asiwo kuitira kugara zvakanaka munhu. Aya marudzi anogara aripo anopa chikafu, mishonga uye zvimwe zviwanikwa zvakakosha kunharaunda dzenzvimbo. Pamusoro pezvo, kuchengetedza kwavo kwakakosha kuchengetedza masevhisi eecosystem avanopa, sekudzora mamiriro ekunze, kuchengetedza ivhu uye kucheneswa kwemvura. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kutora matanho ekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza zvipenyu zvezvirimwa muBrazil uye nekuona kusimba kwayo kwenguva refu.
13. Matambudziko makuru ezvakatipoteredza munharaunda yeBrazil: kutemwa kwemasango, kuvandudzwa kwemaguta uye kusvibiswa
Mamiriro ejogirafi yeBrazil anopa nhevedzano yezvinetso zvezvakatipoteredza zvinoda kutariswa nekukurumidza. Chimwe chezvinetso zvikuru kuparadzwa kwemasango, uko kwakakanganisa zvakakomba masango anogara achinaya mvura enyika. Kukwira dambudziko iri, zvakakosha kuita matanho ekuchengetedza zviwanikwa, zvakadai sekutarisa uye kudzora basa rekutema miti zvisiri pamutemo. Zvirongwa zvekusima masango zvinofanirawo kusimudzirwa uye vanhu vadzidziswe pamusoro pekukosha kwekuchengetedza masango.
Rimwe dambudziko rezvakatipoteredza mujogirafi yeBrazil nderokukura kusingadzoreki kwemaguta. Kukurumidza kukura kwemaguta kwakaguma nokuchinjwa kwemhoteredzo yomusikirwo, kuchiwedzera zvinetso zvokutemwa kwemasango nokusvibiswa. Kuti ugadzirise mamiriro ezvinhu aya, zvinodikanwa kugadzira zvirongwa zvekuronga matunhu zvinomisikidza nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa uye kudzikisira kuwedzera kwemaguta. Mukuwedzera, maitiro anochengetedza anofanirwa kukurudzirwa, sekuvakwa kwezvivako zvakasvibirira uye kushandiswa kwakanaka kwezvinhu.
Kusvibiswa nderimwe dambudziko rakakodzera rezvakatipoteredza muBrazil. Zviitwa zvemaindasitiri, kushandiswa zvisina tsarukano kwemishonga yezvipembenene uye kushaikwa kwehurongwa hwakakwana hwekurasa marara zvaunza matambudziko ekusvibiswa kwemvura, mhepo uye ivhu. Kuti urwise mamiriro ezvinhu aya, zvakakosha kuita mitemo yakasimba uye kukurudzira kutorwa kwehunyanzvi hwakachena. Saizvozvo, mashandisiro ekushandisa zvine hungwaru anofanirwa kukurudzirwa uye vanhu vadzidziswe nezve kukosha kwekudzikisa, kushandisa patsva nekudzoreredza tsvina.
14. Maonero eramangwana: kukosha kwekuronga nharaunda nekuchengetedza munzvimbo yeBrazil.
Muchirevo cheBrazil, kukosha kwekuronga nharaunda nekuchengetedza munzvimbo yenzvimbo yebudiriro yakadzikama yenyika inooneka. Kukura kwemaguta kusingadzoreki uye kushaikwa kwekuronga zvakakonzera kuparara kwezvipenyu zvechisikigo uye kurasikirwa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Kuti titarise matambudziko aya, zvakakosha kuti titemese nzira dzekuronga nharaunda nemirawu inosimudzira kuchengetedzwa kwezviwanikwa uye kukurudzira budiriro yakaenzana uye inoenderera.
Chimwe chezvishandiso zvakakosha zvekuronga kwenzvimbo muBrazil kuvandudzwa kwezvirongwa zvekuronga matunhu pazvikero zvakasiyana. Zvirongwa izvi zvinobvumira kuona uye kutara nzvimbo dzinokosha dzekuchengetedza, pamwe nekumisa maitiro uye nhungamiro yebudiriro yevanhu zvinoenderana ne nharaunda. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinodikanwa kusimudzira kutora chikamu kwevagari mukuita sarudzo pamusoro pekushandiswa nekugara kwenzvimbo, kuitira kuti zvinofarirwa neruzhinji zvakazara zvigovimbiswa.
Kuchengetedzwa kweiyo geography yeBrazil Zvinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, dzakadai semapaki enyika, biological reserves uye nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza. Nzvimbo idzi dzinoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana siyana uye masevhisi ecosystem, pamwe nekuderedza shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Panguva imwe, zvakakosha kumisa nzira dzinoshanda dzekutarisa nekudzora kuvimbisa kushanda kwenzvimbo idzi dzakadzivirirwa uye kudzivirira zviitiko zvisiri pamutemo zvakaita sekutema masango uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa.
Mukupedzisa, iyo geography yeBrazil yakasiyana zvakanyanya uye inonakidza. Huwandu hwayo, zororo, hydrography, mamiriro ekunze uye zvinomera zvinosangana kugadzira nyika ine hupfumi hukuru hwepanyama. Nehuwandu hwevanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 210, Brazil ndiyo imwe yenyika dzine vanhu vakawanda pasi rose. Kusununguka kwayo kunoratidzwa nekuvapo kwemakomo akakura eAmazon uye nzvimbo yepakati, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu zvinozivikanwa.
Brazilian hydrography inoshamisa zvakaenzana, ine network yakakura yenzizi kusanganisira Amazon, rwizi rukurusa pasi rose. Mamiriro ekunze anosiyana-siyana munzvimbo nenzvimbo, kubva kunzvimbo dzinopisa dzakanyorova kuchamhembe kusvika kune dzinopisa zvikuru kumaodzanyemba. Saizvozvowo, zvinomera zvaro zvinoratidzira zvakasiyana siyana zvezvipenyu, kubva kusango rakasvibirira reAmazon kusvika kumachakwi makuru uye nzvimbo dzakakura dzeCaatinga.
Muchidimbu, Brazil inyika iri kumusha kwekusiyana kukuru muhuwandu hwayo uye geography yayo. Uhu hupfumi hwepanyama chinhu chakakosha chinofanira kuchengetedzwa uye kuchengetedzwa kune zvizvarwa zvinotevera. Kuburikidza nekutonga kwakasimba kwezviwanikwa zvayo uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvayo, Brazil inogona kuramba iri mucherechedzo maererano nekusiyana kwezvipenyu uye runako rwechisikigo.
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