Iyo cell membrane, inozivikanwawo se plasma membrane, chinhu chakakosha mukuumbwa kwemasero. Iyi semipermeable barriers inoshanda semutsara wekudzivirira, inoronga mafambiro ezvinhu uye kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwesero. Nekudaro, mubvunzo unowanzo kumuka wekuti nderipi sero chaiyo iyi membrane. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora nyaya iyi zvakadzama kubva kune yehunyanzvi uye isina kwayakarerekera nzira, tichitsvaga kunzwisisa kuti nderipi sero iro chikamu chakakosha chehupenyu chinoreva.
1. Chimiro uye mabasa emusero membrane: sumo
Sero membrane chimiro chakakosha chinotenderedza maseru ese, anoumbwa zvakanyanya nemafuta uye mapuroteni, anobatsira kuchengetedza kuvimbika kwesero uye kudzora kuyerera kwezvinhu zvinopinda nekuisiya.
Tevere, tichaona hukuru hunhu uye mabasa eiyo cell membrane:
- Lipid bilayer: Iyo cell membrane inoumbwa zvakanyanya ne phospholipid bilayer. Iyi kaviri-layer chimiro chinopa chemuviri uye chemakemikari chipingamupinyi chinodzivirira zviri mukati meserura uye inogadzirisa kuchinjana kwezvinhu nenharaunda.
- Membrane mapuroteni: Sero membrane inoiswa nemhando dzakasiyana dzemapuroteni anoita mabasa akasiyana. Mamwe mapuroteni anoita semigero kana vatakuri kubvumira mamorekuru kuti apfuure nepakati pe membrane, nepo mamwe anoshanda semareceptors anodyidzana nekunze kwemakemikari masaini.
- Selective permeability: Iyo sero membrane inogoneka, zvichireva kuti inongobvumira mamwe mamorekuru nemaion kupfuura. Uku kutonga kwakasarudzwa kwakakosha kuchengetedza nharaunda yemukati yakakwana yekushanda kwemasero, kudzivirira kupinda kwezvinhu zvisingadiwi uye kugadzirisa kubuda kwemarara.
2. Lipid kuumbwa kwesero membrane uye pesvedzero yayo papermeability
Sero membrane isimba rakasimba uye rakaomarara rinotenderedza maseru ese, ichipa sarudzo yakasarudzika pakati peiyo intracellular uye extracellular nharaunda. Imwe yeakakosha maitiro eiyi membrane ndeye yakasarudzika lipid kuumbwa, iyo inoita basa rakakosha mukudzora kupenya kwesero.
Iyo cell membrane inoumbwa zvakanyanya ne phospholipids, ari mamorekuru ane boka rephosphate uye maviri macheni emafuta acids. Aya maphospholipids akarongwa kuita lipid bilayer, uko iyo hydrophobic miswe inotungamirwa yakananga mukati uye iyo hydrophilic misoro yakanangidzirwa kune kunze kwe membrane. Iri lipid bilayer rinoita sechivhariso chisingapindiki kune zvakawanda zvinhu, sezvo ma hydrophilic mamorekuru ane dambudziko rekuyambuka hydrophobic miswe ye phospholipids.
Kuwedzera kune phospholipids, iyo lipid inoumbwa yesero membrane inosanganisirawo cholesterol uye mamwe lipids akasarudzika, akadai se glycolipids uye sphingolipids. Aya ekuwedzera lipids anogona kupesvedzera kuyerera kwe membrane, inokanganisa kupera kwayo. Semuenzaniso, cholesterol inogona kuderedza kuyerera kweiyo lipid bilayer, nekudaro ichideredza kupera kune mamwe mamorekuru. Kune rumwe rutivi, glycolipids uye sphingolipids inogona kuita basa mukuzivikanwa kwema molecular uye kuisa masero.
3. Cell membrane mapuroteni: kusiyana kwavo uye mabasa chaiwo
Sero membrane mapuroteni anoita basa rakakosha mukuumbwa uye kushanda kwemasero Iwo mamorekuru ane hunyanzvi akaiswa mu lipid bilayer ye membrane, iyo inovapa nzvimbo yakasarudzika yekudyidzana nekunze kwenzvimbo uye kuita mabasa akasiyana siyana. .
Kusiyana-siyana kwemapuroteni emusero kunoshamisa uye kunoratidza kuoma kwemasero Aya mapuroteni akaiswa mumapoka akasiyana zvichienderana nechimiro uye basa rawo. Mamwe emhando huru anosanganisira:
- Mapuroteni ekutakura: Ivo vanofambisa kufamba kwemamorekuru kuyambuka membrane yesero, kungave kuburikidza nekuita kupararira kana kufambisa kunoshanda.
- Anchor mapuroteni: Vanobatanidza sero membrane kune mamwe ma cellular maumbirwo, akadai se cytoskeleton, inopa kugadzikana uye kubvumira sero kufamba.
- Signal receivers: Vanoona zviratidzo zvemakemikari kana zvemuviri munharaunda yeextracellular uye vanotumira information kune mukati mesero, zvichikonzera mhinduro dzakananga.
Aya angori mamwe emamwe mabasa chaiwo e cell membrane proteins. Kusiyana kwavo nekuoma kunzwisisa kwakakosha pakurarama uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemaseru, sezvo vachibvumira kutaurirana, kutakurwa kwezvinhu, kunamatira sero uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvakakosha zviitiko.
4. Kukosha kwemakhahydrates mu membrane yesero uye basa ravo mukuzivikanwa kwesero
Makabhohaidhiretsi ari musero membrane anoita basa rakakosha mukuzivikanwa kwesero. Aya maitiro eshuga akabatanidzwa kune lipids uye mapuroteni ari pamusoro pe membrane, achigadzira glycolipids uye glycoproteins zvakateerana zvakakosha pakushanda kwakarurama kwemaitiro ehupenyu uye intercellular communication.
Carbohydrate-mediated cellular recognition inotsamira pakudyidzana kwakananga pakati peshuga musero membrane yerimwe sero uye mapuroteni kana lipids mumembrane yerimwe sero Kudyidzana uku kunoitwa kuburikidza nehusina simba zvisungo, senge hydrogen bond kana electrostatic kusangana. Iyo chaiyo mukudyidzana uku inotarirwa nekutevedzana uye chimiro cheshuga iripo musero membrane.
Kukosha kwe makabhohaidhiretsi mukuzivikanwa kweserura kuri mukukwanisa kwavo kuziva uye kusunga kune chaiwo mamorekuru, akadai semahomoni, ma enzymes uye maantigen. Izvi zvinobvumira kutaurirana pakati pemaseru uye kurongeka kwemaitiro ehupenyu, sekupindura kwe immune. Pamusoro pezvo, makabhohaidhiretsi ari musero membrane anoitawo basa rakakosha mukunamira kwesero, achibvumira maseru kunamatirana pamwe nekuumba matishu uye nhengo.
5. Basa re lipids uye mapuroteni mune fluidity ye cell membrane
Kuyerera kwesero membrane kwakakosha pakushanda kwayo kwakaringana uye kunoita basa rakakosha mune akawanda maitiro ehupenyu. Lipids uye mapuroteni zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha zve membrane uye zvinotora basa rekuona mukuyerera kwayo
Lipids, senge phospholipids, inonyanya kukonzera kuumbwa kwesero membrane. Aya lipids anoumbwa nemusoro we hydrophilic uye maviri hydrophobic miswe yakaunganidzwa mukati meiyo lipid bilayer, nepo misoro ye hydrophilic inosangana neiyo intra- uye extracellular aqueous media. Ichi chimiro chinobvumira membrane kuti ive yakasununguka uye ine simba.
Kune rimwe divi, membrane mapuroteni anobatsirawo kune cellular fluidity. Aya maprotein akabatanidzwa kana peripheral mamorekuru akaiswa mu lipid bilayer. Vanoita mabasa akasiyana siyana, akadai sekutakura zvinhu, kusaina masero, uye kuziva mamorekuru. Mamwe mapuroteni anogona kuita se "varindi vemikova" anodzora kupinda nekubuda kwezvinhu, nepo mamwe achiita semagamuchiri anopindura kune chaiwo masaini.
6. Kuchinjana kwezvinhu kuburikidza nesero membrane: kudzidza kwevatakuri uye nzira dzeion
Kuchinjana kwezvinhu mukati mesero membrane inzira yakakosha yekushanda kwakanaka kwemaseru ese. Kutsinhana uku kunoitwa nekuda kwekuvapo kwevatakuri uye nzira dzeion mune cell membrane.
Vatakuri mapuroteni ane basa rekufambisa kutakurwa kwezvinhu zvakanangana nepakati pesero membrane. Aya mapuroteni anosungira kune chinhu chinotakurwa uye kushandura kuwirirana kwavo kuti abvumire kupfuura kune rumwe rutivi rwe membrane. Mimwe mienzaniso yevatakuri vatakuri veglucose, iyo inobvumira glucose kupinda mumaseru kuti ishandiswe sesimba sosi.
Kune rumwe rutivi, nzira dzeoni mapuroteni anobvumira ions kuti ipfuure nepakati pesero membrane. Aya machani akaumbwa netubular chimiro chakavhurika pasi pemamwe mamiriro uye inobvumira kuyerera kwemaion kupinda kana kubuda musero. Mimwe mienzaniso yezviteshi zveion inzira dze sodium, dzinobvumira sodium kupinda muchitokisi, kana nzira dze potassium, dzinobvumira potassium kubuda.
7. Nzira ye endocytosis uye exocytosis mu cell membrane: maitiro uye mutemo
Endocytosis uye exocytosis maitiro akakosha musero membrane anobvumira kutora uye kuburitswa kwemamorekuru uye zvimedu mukati nekunze kwesero, zvichiteerana. Aya maitiro akakosha kuchengetedza chiyero chemukati chesero uye nekutaurirana kwayo nenharaunda. Tevere, maitiro makuru uye kudzorwa kwemaitiro aya anozotsanangurwa.
Endocytosis:
Endocytosis inzira iyo sero rinotora zvimedu kubva kune extracellular medium yekuisa mukati. Kune marudzi matatu makuru e endocytosis:
- Receptor-mediated endocytosis: mune iyi kesi, mamorekuru anosunga kune chaiwo mareceptor pane cell membrane, achigadzira akavharidzirwa vesicles anoiswa mukati.
- Pinocytosis: mukuita uku, masero anotora mvura uye mamorekuru madiki kuburikidza nekuumbwa kwemavesicles anobva mukupinda mukati me membrane.
- Macroautophagy: Muchigadzirwa ichi, sero rinotora uye rinodyisa pane raro organelles uye macromolecules kuburikidza nekuumbwa kwemavesicles anonzi autophagosomes.
Exocytosis:
Exocytosis ndiyo nzira iyo sero rinoburitsa mamorekuru mukati meextracellular medium. Kuita uku kunosanganisira kusanganiswa kwemavhesi ane mamorekuru anoburitswa ne cell membrane. Kune marudzi maviri makuru eexocytosis:
- Constitutive exocytosis: mune iyi kesi, ma vesicles anoramba fuse nesero membrane, achigara achiburitsa zviri mukati mawo kune extracellular medium.
- Regulated exocytosis: mukuita uku, kusanganiswa kwemavesicles ne cell membrane kunoitika mukupindura kune chaiyo stimus, sekuvapo kwemakemikari masaini kana shanduko mumagetsi esero.
Maitiro ese ari maviri, endocytosis uye exocytosis, akakosha kune cellular chiyero uye kuchengetedza homeostasis. Uyezve, mutemo wayo wakarurama unokosha pakushanda kwakakodzera kwesero uye nekuita kwemabasa akawanda ehupenyu, akadai sekukurukurirana kwe intercellular, kudzokororwa kwemamorekuru uye kubvisa tsvina.
8. Chirwere chekiriniki chekuchinja mu cell membrane: zvirwere zvemajini uye zvinetso zvinosanganiswa
Shanduko musero membrane inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yekiriniki yakakomba, sezvo chimiro ichi chine basa rakakosha mukushanda kwakanaka kwemaseru uye mukutaurirana pakati pawo. Shanduko idzi dzinogona kukonzerwa nekuchinja kwemajini kunokanganisa mapuroteni ane mutoro wekuchengetedza kuvimbika uye kushanda kwesero membrane.
Zvirwere zvemajini zvine chekuita kuchinja mu membrane yesero zvinopa zvakasiyana-siyana siyana zvezviratidzo zvekiriniki. Mimwe mienzaniso yezvirwere inosanganisira:
- Sickle cell anemia: Chirwere chemajini umo masero matsvuku eropa anove akaumbwa zvisina kujairika nekuda kwekushanduka kwejini iyo inoisa iyo tsvuku yeropa membrane membrane protein, zvichikonzera kuvharika mutsinga dzeropa uye kuderera kwekugona kutakura okisijeni.
- Chirwere cheGaucher: chirwere chemajini chinoratidzwa nekuunganidza lipid inonzi glucocerebroside mumasero nekuda kwekushayikwa kwe enzyme inoderedza. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya nhengo dzemuviri nehurongwa, zvichikonzera zviratidzo zvakaita seanemia, hepatomegaly, uye splenic dysfunction.
- Phenylketonuria: Kuongororwa kweropa: chirwere chinogarwa nhaka chemetabolism chinoitika nekuda kwekushomeka kweenzayimu rinokonzera kuputsa amino acid inonzi phenylalanine. Uku kuunganidzwa kwe phenylalanine kunogona kukonzera kukuvadzwa kwehuropi nekuremara kwepfungwa kana kukasadzorwa nemazvo nekudya kwehunyanzvi kubva pakuzvarwa.
Iyi ingori mienzaniso yezvirwere zvemajini zvinogona kukonzerwa nekushandurwa kwesero membrane. Zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti kuongororwa uye kurapwa kwakakodzera kwemamiriro ezvinhu aya kwakakosha kuvandudza hupenyu hwevarwere vakabatwa uye kudzivirira matambudziko makuru enguva refu.
9. Kudyidzana kwesero membrane nemamiriro ayo ekunze uye kukosha kwayo mukukurukurirana kwemasero
Kudyidzana kwesero membrane nenzvimbo yayo yekunze kwakakosha pakushanda kwakanaka kwekutaurirana kweserura. Sero membrane inoshanda sechivharo chekusarudza chinogadzirisa kuchinjana kwezvinhu uye kutaurirana pakati pemukati nekunze kwesero.
Kudyidzana uku kunopindirana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemamorekuru ari musero membrane. Membrane receptors mapuroteni anowanikwa pamusoro pesero uye anokwanisa kuziva uye kusunga kune chaiwo mamorekuru munzvimbo yekunze, senge mahormone, neurotransmitters kana kukura zvinhu. Kudyidzana uku kwakakosha mumaserura ekusaina maitiro, zvichibvumira maseru kuti aone shanduko munharaunda yavo uye kupindura nenzira kwayo.
Kukoshera kwekudyidzana uku kuri muchokwadi chekuti, kuburikidza navo, maseru anogona kudzora basa ravo uye kuronga mhinduro pamwechete. Kukurukurirana kweserura kwakakosha pakuvandudza nekuchengetedza matishu uye nhengo, pamwe chete nemhinduro yemasoja ezvirwere kuzvirwere. Uyezve, kupindirana uku kwakakoshawo mukuita kwekuzivikanwa kwesero uye kunamatira, zvichibvumira masero kuti anamatire kune mumwe nemumwe uye agadzire akaumbwa akawanda emasero.
10. Matekinoroji ekudzidza sero membrane: kufambira mberi uye maonero e remangwana tsvagiridzo.
Mutsvakiridzo yemembrane yesero, nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzakagadzirwa dzinotitendera kuti tidzidze chimiro nekushanda kwayo nemazvo uye neruzivo rwakadzama Kufambira mberi uku kwakashandura ruzivo rwedu rwekuti mamorekuru anopindirana sei mu membrane uye akavhura mikova mitsva yeramangwana tsvakurudzo mune izvi. munda.
Imwe yemaitiro anonyanya kushandiswa ndeye fluorescence microscopy, iyo inotibvumira kuona nemaziso mamorekuru ari mu membrane kuburikidza nekubuda kwechiedza chefluorescent. Iyi nzira yakave yakanyatsogadziriswa nekugadzirwa kwefluorophores itsva uye kuvandudzwa kwema microscopes efluorescence, iyo yakapa mifananidzo yakapinza uye yakakwirira yenguva yekugadziriswa, uyezve, fluorescence microscopy yakabatanidzwa nedzimwe nzira dzekufungidzira, dzakadai sekusimudzira photon emission microscopy (STED) uye reversible stimulated emission microscopy (RESOLFT), iyo inobvumira membrane imaging pane subcellular scale.
Imwe nzira inovimbisa ndeye mass spectrometry, iyo inobvumira kuzivikanwa uye kuwanda kwemamorekuru aripo musero membrane. Nehunyanzvi uhu, kushandurwa kwemashure kweshanduro kwemembrane proteins, senge phosphorylation uye glycosylation, inogona kuongororwa. Pamusoro pezvo, mass spectrometry yakasanganiswa nekumisikidzwa kwemembrane pa protein chips, kufambisa kuongororwa kwekudyidzana kweprotein-membraneuye kuzivikanwa kwezvikamu zvitsva zvemembrane.
11. Pharmacological mazano anotarisa sero membrane: kubuda nzira dzekurapa
Cell membrane-targeting pharmacological strategy inoreva nzira dzekurapa dziri kubuda dzinonangana nesero membrane yekugadzirwa kwemishonga mitsva. Iyo cell membrane inobata basa rakakosha mukutaurirana uye kudzora mabasa emasero, saka kuchinjika kwayo kuburikidza nemishonga yemishonga kunogona kuve nekukanganisa kukuru mukurapa kwezvirwere zvakasiyana.
Kune akati wandei ari kubuda ekurapa sarudzo anotarisa pane cell membrane uye anoratidza vimbiso mukutsvaga nekuvandudza kwemishonga mitsva. Mamwe emazano aya anosanganisira:
- Liposomes sehurongwa hwekuunza zvinodhaka: Liposomes ma vesicles ekugadzira akaumbwa ne lipid bilayer inogona kuve nemishonga mukati. Aya masisitimu ekutumira anobvumira kuendeswa kwemishonga kune cell membrane, kuwedzera kushanda kwavo uye kuderedza mhedzisiro.
- Modulation ye membrane proteins: Mamwe mapuroteni e membrane anoita basa rakakosha mupathogenesis yezvirwere zvakaita segomarara. Kugadzirisa mapuroteni aya uchishandisa zvinodhaka zvakagadzirirwa kudyidzana nazvo zvinogona kuvharidzira kuita kwavo uye kumisa bundu kukura.
Muchidimbu, marongero emishonga anonangana nesero membrane anomiririra nzira inovimbisa mu kuvandudzwa kwemishonga mitsva. Iko kugona kuenzanisa sero membrane uye zvikamu zvaro zvinovhura mikana mitsva yekurapa yezvirwere zvakasiyana. Sezvo tsvakiridzo ichifambira mberi munzvimbo ino, tinotarisira kuona kufambira mberi mukugadzirwa kwemishonga inoshandisa nzira idzi nekuvandudza kushanda kwemishonga iripo.
12. Basa remusero membrane mukupikisa anticancer mishonga uye marapirwo: matambudziko nemikana
Iyo cell membrane inoita basa rakakosha mukupokana nemishonga inorwisa cancer uye marapiro, chiri chinhu chinotaridza kubudirira kana kukundikana kwekurapa. Kunzwisisa matambudziko nemikana inomuka kubva mukudyidzana uku kwakakosha pakuvandudza nzira dzekurapa.
Rimwe rematambudziko makuru kugona kwesero membrane kuburitsa zvinodhaka, kuvadzivirira kubva pakusvika kwavo uye kuderedza kushanda kwavo. Kudzingwa uku kunopindirana nevatakuri vezvinodhaka efflux, seABC mapuroteni, anoita nekupomba zvinodhaka kubva mukati mesero kuenda kunze.
Mumwe mukana uri mukushandurwa kwesero membrane kuwedzera kubatwa kwezvinodhaka uye kuvandudza maitiro avo ekurapa. Iko kubatanidzwa kwezvinobatsira kana kugadziridzwa kweiyo lipid kuumbwa kwe membrane kunogona kuwedzera kupera kwezvinodhaka, zvichibvumira kupinda kwakanyanya mumasero egomarara uye kuderedzwa kwekusapikisa kurapwa.
13. Kukosha kwesero membrane mukugadzirwa kwejene uye sero kurapwa: maonero anovimbisa.
Iyo cell membrane inobata basa rakakosha mukuvandudza kwemajini uye sero marapirwo, ichiva chidimbu chakakosha chekuchengetedza uye nemazvo kuendesa genetic zvinhu kunanga maseru. Yayo lipid uye mapuroteni chimiro inobvumira nzira yakasarudzika yemamorekuru, inogadzirisa kuchinjana kwezvinovaka muviri uye tsvina.
Muchikamu chekurapa kwemajini, membrane yesero inoshanda sechivharo chechisikigo chinoita kuti zviome kuti kunze genetic zvinhu zvipinde. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekufambira mberi mune tekinoroji yekutonga uye kugadziridzwa kwemembrane, nzira dzakagadzirwa kuti dzikunde chipingamupinyi ichi ne cell membrane.
Saizvozvowo, iyo cell membrane inopa akasiyana akasiyana-siyana ma receptors uye mapuroteni anogona kushandiswa mumasero ekurapa. Kugadziriswa kwepamusoro pemasero kuburikidza nemajini einjiniya maitiro kana kushandiswa kwenanoparticles kunobvumira kuvandudza kunamatira uye kutaridzika kwemasero mune inotangwa tishu. Aya magadzirirwo anosanganisira kuwandisa kweadhesion mapuroteni kana kuiswa kwezviratidzo zvakananga zvinokurudzira kutama kwesero uye kusiyanisa. Muchidimbu, iyo membrane yesero inopa zano uye rakasiyana-siyana poindi yekupindira mukuvandudza kwejini nesero marapirwo, kuvhura maonero matsva anovimbisa mumunda wemishonga yekuvandudza uye kurapa kwemunhu.
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Mumunda wemishonga uye tsvagiridzo, iko kushandiswa kwesero membrane inzvimbo yekudzidza inosimudza akasiyana ehutsika uye ekutonga kufunga. Izvi zvinonetsa zvinotarisa pakuona kuti chero marapirwo kana maitiro ane chekuita nesero membrane manipulation anoremekedza ehutsika musimboti uye anoenderana nemirau yakatarwa.
Kana uchifunga nezve kushandiswa kwesero membrane yekushandiswa kwekurapa, zvakakosha kuti titarise zvinotevera maitiro ehutsika:
- Mvumo ine ruzivo: Mvumo ine ruzivo inofanira kuwanikwa kubva kuvarwere vasati vaita chero maitiro anosanganisira kunyengedza kwesero membrane yavo.
- Kuvanzika: Iyo data uye cellular samples dzakaunganidzwa dzinofanirwa kubatwa zvakavanzika uye kuchengetedzwa kubva kune chero kupi kusina mvumo.
- Equity: Kuwana kurapwa kana kutora chikamu mukutsvagisa kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwesero membrane kunofanirwa kuenzana uye kusarura.
Nezvekutariswa kwemitemo, zvakakosha kutevedzera mirau chaiyo yakadzikwa nematare anoona nezve mitemo yesainzi neyekurapa. Izvi zvinoreva:
- Tora mvumo nemvumo dzinodiwa kubva kuvakuru vane hunyanzvi usati waita zvidzidzo kana miedzo yekiriniki inosanganisira kushandura membrane yesero.
- Ita wongororo nguva nenguva uye ongororo kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderera mberi kutevedzera mirau uye yakasimbiswa yemhando zviyero.
- Taura chero chiitiko chakashata chinogona kuitika panguva yemaitiro ekuti cell membrane inogadziriswa, mukuteerana nemaprotocol akamiswa uye zvinodiwa zvekushuma.
Kufambisira mberi ndima yekushandiswa kwemembrane yesero, zvakakosha kuti titarise zvese zvehunhu uye nemirau yakakodzera Chete kuburikidza nekuzvipira uye nekuita basa nzira ndipo patichakwanisa kuona zvizere kugona kwezvikumbiro izvi zvekurapa.
Mibvunzo neMhinduro
Mubvunzo: Chii chinonzi cell membrane?
A: Sero membrane chinhu chakakosha chinowanikwa mumasero ese, ese prokaryotic uye eukaryotic. Iyo a lipid bilayer inotenderedza sero, ichipa dziviriro uye kubvumira kutaurirana nekunze kwezvakatipoteredza.
Mubvunzo: Nderipi sero iro membrane yesero ndeyapi?
A: Iyo membrane yesero ndeyemasero ese, sezvo iri chinhu chepasirese chehupenyu hweseru. Inowanikwa mune zvipenyu zve unicellular uye mumasero ega ega ezvisikwa zvakawanda, zvichiita chikamu chinokosha che morphology yavo uye basa.
Mubvunzo: Ndeipi basa rinoshandiswa nesero membrane?
A: Iyo cell membrane inotamba akawanda akakosha mabasa muchitokisi. Inoita sechivharidzo chekusarudza chinogadzirisa mafambiro ezvinhu kupinda nekubuda muchitokisi, zvichibvumira kudzora kwakasimba kweosmotic balance uye homeostasis. Pamusoro pezvo, inotora chikamu mumatanho ekutakura mamorekuru, kucherechedzwa kwesero, kudyidzana nemamwe maseru, uye kufambisa kwemasaini ekunze.
Mubvunzo: Chii chimiro chesero membrane?
A: Chimiro cheiyo cell membrane inoumbwa nelipid bilayer inoumbwa ne phospholipids, cholesterol uye mapuroteni. Phospholipids yakarongeka muchidimbu cheviri, ine misoro ye hydrophilic yakatarisana nekunze uye mukati mesero, uye miswe yehydrophobic muchikamu chepakati. Mapuroteni anorongedzerwa ese ari kunze uye mukati mebilayer, achiita mabasa akasiyana-siyana.
Mubvunzo: Ndeupi mutsauko uripo pakati pesero membrane yeprokaryotic uye eukaryotic masero?
A: Kunyangwe iyo cell membrane iri chinhu chakajairika mumhando mbiri dzemasero, pane misiyano yakakura. Mumasero eprokaryotic, iyo lipid bilayer inogona kunge iri nyore uye isina cholesterol, asi mumasero eukaryotic yakanyanya kuoma uye ine cholesterol. Pamusoro pezvo, masero eukaryotic ane mamwe ma membranes emukati, akadai senyukireya membrane uye organelle membranes, iyo prokaryotic masero haana.
Mubvunzo: Kutendeseka kwesero membrane kunochengetedzwa sei?
A: Kutendeseka kwesero membrane kunochengetwa kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Maphospholipids e lipid bilayer anozvitarisa ega kuti aite chimiro chakatsiga. Uyezve, membrane mapuroteni anoita basa rakakosha mukutendeseka kwayo, kufambisa anchoring uye kudyidzana nemamwe ma cell cell. Akasiyana siyana ekugadzirisa masero anobatsirawo mukuchengetedza membrane kutendeseka uye kushanda.
Pfungwa Huru
Mukupedzisa, membrane yesero inhengo yakakosha yemasero ese, ese prokaryotic uye eukaryotic. Basa rayo guru kudzora mafambiro emamorekuru uye kuchengetedza cellular homeostasis. Kuburikidza neiyo lipid kuumbwa uye kuvapo kwemapuroteni, cell membrane inokwanisa kuita mabasa akasiyana siyana, sekuziva chiratidzo, kutaurirana intercellular uye kuchengetedzwa kwemukati. kwesero.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti membrane yesero haingori yerudzi rwesero chete, sezvo maseru ese ane membrane yesero. Nekudaro, ichokwadi kuti kuumbwa uye kurongeka kwe membrane iyi inogona kusiyanisa pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzesero, izvo zvinosarudza iwo chaiwo mabasa aanogona kuita.
Muchidimbu, sero membrane chinhu chakakosha mumaseru ese, zvisinei nekwaakabva kana kushanda kwawo. Kudzidza kwayo nekunzwisisa kunotitendera kuti tinzwisise zviri nani nzira dzinogadzirisa hupenyu hweserura uye inovhura mikova mitsva yekuvandudza marapirwo uye marapirwo anogona kutora mukana weaya cellular maitiro.
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