Iyo Indaneti Yakazvarwa sei

Kuzvarwa kweInternet kwave chimwe chezviitiko zvakakosha munhoroondo yetekinoroji. Kunyangwe ichikosha uye ichiwanika muhupenyu hwedu hwakawanda nhasi, genesis yayo uye shanduko hazvina kuitika zvega. Kusiyana neizvi, yaive mhedzisiro yemakore ekutsvagisa, kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, uye kubatana pakati penyanzvi dzakasiyana kubva muzvidzidzo zvakasiyana. Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora kuti internet yakazvarwa sei uye zviitiko zvakakosha zvakakonzera kusikwa kwayo, kumisa hwaro hwakasimba hwekunzwisisa kuti tave sei chiitiko chepasi rose chatinoziva nhasi.

1. Mavambo eInternet: Kubuda kwenetiweki yekombuta

Mabviro eInternet anotanga kumakore ekuma1960, apo USA akatanga kugadzira komputa network inonzi ARPANET. Iyi network yakagadzirwa kuti ifambise kutaurirana uye kufambisa ruzivo pakati pemauto akasiyana uye masangano ezvidzidzo.

Sezvo ARPANET ichikura, matekinoroji matsva nemaprotocol zvakabatanidzwa, zvichibvumira mamwe makomputa kuti abatanidze. Mumakore ekuma1980, ARPANET yakakamurwa kuita network mbiri dzakasiyana, imwe yekushandiswa kwechiuto uye imwe yekushandiswa kwevanhu, inonzi NSFNET.

Nekufamba kwenguva, tekinoroji yeInternet yakawedzera pasi rose uye yakashanduka kuita network yakabatana yemanetiweki. Iyo TCP/IP protocol, yakagadziridzwa muma70s, yakava chiyero chekufambisa data paInternet. Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, Internet yakava nekukura kukuru, ikava chishandiso chakakosha muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevanhu pasirese.

2. Izvo zvinotangira zveInternet: Kubva kuARPA kuenda kuARPANET

Mumakore ekuma1960, zvinotangira paInternet sezvatinoziva nhasi zvakatanga kubuda. Chimwe chezvakakosha zvikuru kwaive kugadzwa kweAdvanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) neDhipatimendi reDziviriro. kubva kuUnited StatesChinangwa chikuru chesangano iri chaive chekugadzira matekinoroji emhando yepamusoro anogona kushandiswa kuita zvechiuto.

ARPA yaive nebasa rekugadzira ARPANET, network yekutaurirana iyo yakateya hwaro hweInternet yemazuva ano. ARPANET yakashandisa packet switching tekinoroji kubvumira kufambisa data pakati pemakomputa akasiyana akabatana.Yakanga iri network yakasarudzika yaibvumira masangano ezvidzidzo nemauto kuchinjanisa ruzivo zvakanyanya. Yekutanga ARPANET node yakavambwa paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Los Angeles (UCLA) muna 1969.

Kugadziriswa kweARPANET yakaisa hwaro hwekugadzirwa kwemaitiro ekutaurirana uye maprotocol akakosha pakushanda kweInternetImwe yezviyero izvi, iyo Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), yakamisa mitemo yekufambisa data panetiweki. Sezvo ARPANET yakawedzera, matekinoroji matsva nemaprotocol zvakabuda izvo zvakaisa hwaro hwekuzosikwa kweWorld Wide Web uye. mamwe masevhisi yeInternet yatinoshandisa nhasi.

3. Kuberekwa kweInternet: Meseji yekutanga uye kubatana kwekutanga

Kuzvarwa kweInternet kwakaratidza chiitiko chakakosha mukuvandudzwa kweruzivo rwekufambiswa kwemashoko. Mharidzo yekutanga yakafambiswa pamusoro peiyi network yepasi rose inotendwa kuti yakaitika muna Gumiguru 29, 1969. Panguva iyoyo, kubatana kwakasimbiswa pakati peYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Los Angeles, neStanford Research Institute. Iyi meseji yekutanga yakatumirwa kubva kuUCLA kuenda kuStanford, uye kunyangwe yaingova nemabhii maviri, "lo" (ye "login"), yakaisa hwaro hwechaizove shanduko yezvekufambiswa kwemashoko.

Kubatana kwekutanga pakati pezvikoro zviviri izvi kwakavambwa nekuda kweARPANET, network yekombuta yakagadzirwa neUnited States Department of Defense. Iyi network yakagonesa kutapurirana kwakabudirira kwedata pamusoro pezvatinoziva seInternet. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, kutaurirana pakati pevatsvakurudzi kubva kumativi akasiyana enyika, uye gare gare pasi rose, kwakava kunogoneka nekuda kwekubatana kwenhoroondo.

Kuzvarwa kweInternet uye meseji yekutanga inotumirwa inofananidzira kuvhurwa kwenguva nyowani mukutaurirana kwepasirese. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, tekinoroji yakashanduka, uye maprotocol matsva uye zviyero zvakagadziridzwa izvo zvakabvumira mamwe makomputa nemidziyo kuti ibatanidzwe mune iyi network. Nekuda kweizvi, nhasi tinogona kunakidzwa nekubatana nekukurumidza nevanhu pasi rese. Meseji yekutanga yakatumirwa uye kubatana kwekutanga pakati peUCLA neStanford kwakaratidza kutanga kweshanduko yetekinoroji yakashandura mararamiro atinoita, kushanda, uye kutaurirana pasi rose.

4. Kuvandudzwa kwezvibvumirano: Basa reTCP / IP mukushanduka kweInternet

Kuvandudzwa kweprotocol kwaita basa rakakosha mukushanduka kweInternet. Imwe yeakanyanya kukosha maprotocol anoshandiswa mukutaurirana data ndeye TCP/IP. TCP/IP, inomirira Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, iboka rezvibvumirano zvinogonesa kubatana kwemanetiweki uye kupanana ruzivo. zvinobudirira uye yakavimbika.

TCP/IP yakavakirwa papfungwa yemapaketi edata. Ruzivo rwakakamurwa kuita tumapaketi tunofamba netiweki uye anounganidzwa patsva. Izvi zvinobvumira kukurumidza uye zvakanyanya kufambisa data kutapurirana. Pamusoro pezvo, TCP/IP inopa maitiro ekuona kutakura kwepaketi, senge kuyerera kwekudzora uye congestion control.

TCP/IP yave yakakosha pakukura nekuvandudzwa kweInternet. Kutenda kune iyi protocol, akasiyana network anogona kutaurirana uye kugovana ruzivo pasi rose. Uyezve, TCP/IP yakagonesa kuvandudzwa kwewebhu maapplication uye masevhisi epamhepo akakosha kuhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva nhasi. Muchidimbu, TCP/IP yanga iri simba rekufambisa rekushanduka kweInternet uye yakagonesa kubatana kwepasirese kwatinoziva nhasi.

5. Network Kuwedzera: Kukura kweARPANET uye Global Connection

Kuwedzera kwetiweki kwakatanga kuwedzera simba nekukura kweARPANET, yekutanga packet-switched network yakagadzirwa neUnited States Department of Defense muma1960s. ARPANET yakagonesa kubatana kweakasiyana siyana edzidzo uye masangano ekutsvagisa, kufambisa shanduko yeruzivo uye kubatana kwesainzi. Sezvo tekinoroji yakakwira, network yakawedzera nharaunda, ichisvika kune mamwe masangano nenyika, ichiisa hwaro hwekubatana kwepasirese kweramangwana.

Kuwedzera uku kwakagoneka nekugadzirwa kweTCP/IP protocol, iyo yakamisa seti yemitemo yekufambiswa kwedata padandemutande. Aya maprotocol aigonesa kutaurirana kwakanaka uye kwakavimbika pakati pematanho akasiyana akabatana, kugadzira mutauro wakafanana uyo wakawedzera kufambisira mberi kuwedzera kwetiweki.

Nekufamba kwenguva, ARPANET nevatevedzeri vayo vakashanduka kuita zvatinoziva nhasi seInternet. Kubatana kwepasirese kwakawanikwa kuburikidza nekubatana kwemanetiweki munyika dzakasiyana siyana nemakondinendi, zvichibvumira kuwanikwa kwekugovana ruzivo uye zviwanikwa chero kupi zvako pasirese. Kuwedzera uku kuri kuenderera mberi nanhasi, nevanhu vakawanda, zvishandiso, uye nharaunda dzinobatana kuburikidza neInternet.

Muchidimbu, kuwedzera kwetiweki uye kukura kweARPANET kwaive madhiraivha akakosha ekuwana kubatana kwepasirese kwatinoziva nhasi seInternet. Kugadzirwa kweakajairwa maprotocol uye kubatana kwemanetwork munyika dzakasiyana siyana kwakagonesa kutaurirana kwakanaka uye kwakavimbika pasi rese. Sezvo network ichiramba ichikura, vanhu vazhinji nenharaunda vanokwanisa kuwana zviwanikwa uye kubatana kwepasirese, vachigadzira nyika yakabatana uye inodyidzana.

6. Kusimuka kwehunyanzvi hwekutaurirana: Kubva kumamodemu kuenda kune yakakwira-speed connections

Kusimuka kwehunyanzvi hwekufambiswa kwemashoko kwashandura nzira yatinosangana nayo nekugovana ruzivo. Mumakore achangopfuura, takaona kusvetuka kukuru kumberi mukumhanya uye kugona kwekubatana kwedu. Kubva pamazuva edhial-up modem kusvika ku-high-speed download speed yatinoona nhasi, tekinoroji yekutaurirana yasvika kure.

Imwe yeakakosha magadzirirwo mundima iyi kwave shanduko kubva kune yechinyakare dial-up modem kuenda kune yakakwirira-kumhanya yekubatanidza. Pakutanga, kubatana kweinternet kwainonoka uye kushoma maererano nekumhanya kwekufambisa data. Nekudaro, nekuuya kwebroadband uye fiber optic yekubatanidza, isu tinogona ikozvino kunakidzwa nekukasira kurodha nekudhawunirodha kumhanya. Aya ma-high-speed connections akasandura mashandiro atinoita, matauriro, nekushandisa zvirimo online..

Pamusoro pekumhanya, matekinoroji emazuva ano ekutaurirana anopawo kuvimbika kukuru uye kugadzikana kana zvichienzaniswa nemazuva e-dial-up modem. Nepo isu takambosangana nekukanganisika kwekubatanidza uye kudonha kwechiratidzo nguva nenguva, isu tinogona kuvimba nekubatana kwakagadzikana uye kunoenderana kune zvatinoda zvekutaurirana. Izvi zvagonesa kukura kwakakosha munzvimbo dzakadai se-e-commerce, dzidzo yepamhepo, uye kubatana kure..

Muchidimbu, kusimuka kwehunyanzvi hwekutaurirana kwakashandura zvakanyanya nzira yatinobatanidza nekutaurirana. Kubva pane inononoka dial-up modem kusvika kune yemazuva ano high-speed connections, takaona kuvandudzwa kunoshamisa mukumhanya, kuvimbika uye kugadzikana kwekubatana kwedu.Iyi shanduko yakavhura mikana mitsva yebasa repamhepo, dzidzo, uye kutaurirana, uye icharamba ichiumba nyika yedu yedhijitari mune ramangwana.

7. Kusikwa kweWorld Wide Web: Tim Berners-Lee uye mupiro wake wakakosha kuInternet

Tim Berners-Lee anozivikanwa semuvambi weWorld Wide Web (WWW), uye mipiro yake yave yakakosha mukuvandudzwa kweInternet sezvatinoiziva nhasi. Muna 1989, Berners-Lee akakurudzira hypertext-based information management system iyo yakabvumira vashandisi pasi rose kuti vabatanidze uye vachinjane data.

Iyo World Wide Web yakavakirwa pazvinhu zviviri zvakakosha: iyo mutauro wemarkup Hypertext Markup Mutauro (HTML) uye Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Berners-Lee akagadzira mutauro weHTML senzira yekugadzira uye kupa ruzivo pane peji rewebhu. Akagadzirawo HTTP protocol, iyo inogonesa kuendesa data paInternet.

Nekuda kwekugadzirwa kweWorld Wide Web, ruzivo rwakave nyore kuwanikwa pasi rose. Vashandisi vaigona kuwana magwaro uye zviwanikwa nyore uye intuitively, zvese nekuda kwekufamba kuburikidza ne hypertext link. Hutsva uhu hwakashandura nzira iyo vanhu vanodyidzana nayo neruzivo uye kutaurirana pamhepo, zvichiisa hwaro hwezvatinoziva nhasi seInternet.

8. Indaneti yekutengesa: Kuvhura kune mabhizinesi nevashandisi pasi rese

IInternet yekutengesa yakaunza kuvhurika kusati kwamboitika kumabhizinesi nevashandisi pasi rese. Nekuda kweshanduko iyi yedhijitari, makambani anogona kusvika kune vateereri vepasirese. nzira inoshanda uye inodhura-inoshanda. Pamusoro pezvo, vashandisi vanokwanisa kuwana akasiyana siyana ezvigadzirwa nemasevhisi kubva kupi zvako pasirese.

Imwe yeakanakisa mabhenefiti ekutengeserana Internet kugona kumisikidza kuvepo kwepamhepo. Makambani anogona kugadzira mawebhusaiti uye chaiwo zvitoro kuratidza zvigadzirwa zvavo uye kusvika kune vateereri vepasirese. Izvi zvinovabvumira kuti vawedzere kusvika kwavo kwenzvimbo uye kuwedzera vatengi vavo.

Saizvozvo, iyo Internet yekutengesa inopa makambani mukana wekushandisa nzira dzekushambadzira dzedhijitari kusimudzira zvigadzirwa zvavo. Kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwakadai seSEO (search engine optimization) uye kushambadzira kwepamhepo, makambani anogona kuzviisa mumigumo yekutsvaga uye kutora kutarisisa kwevangangodaro vatengi. Mukuwedzera, makambani anogona kushandisa masocial network uye email sezvishandiso zvekusimudzira zvinobudirira.

9. Mitemo uye Mitemo: Kukosha kwezviyero mukushanda kweInternet

Mitemo nemirairo inoita basa rakakosha mukushanda kweInternet. Aya maseti emitemo nemirau inosimbisa kuti zvikamu zvakasiyana zvetiweki zvinofanirwa kushanda sei, kuve nechokwadi chekuenderana uye kudyidzana pakati pavo. Pasina ivo, Indaneti yaisazokwanisa kushanda zvakanaka uye nekuvimbika.

Kukoshera kwezviyero kunogona kuvonekwa mune akati wandei. Chokutanga, vanobvumira zvishandiso zvakasiyana uye masisitimu kubva kune vakasiyana vagadziri vanogona kutaurirana nemumwe zvinobudirira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvisinei nekuti uri kushandisa komputa, nhare mbozha, kana piritsi, unogona kuwana masevhisi akafanana uye zviwanikwa zviripo paInternet.

Uyezve, zviyero zvakare zvinofambisa kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji nyowani uye hunyanzvi paInternet. Nekumisa mitemo yakajeka uye yakanyatsojeka, vagadziri uye vanogadzira vanogona kugadzira zvigadzirwa nemasevhisi anoenderana nemaitiro aripo, izvo zvinosimudzira kukwikwidza uye kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza. Izvi zvinotungamira kune hukuru hukuru uye dzakasiyana sarudzo. yevashandisi mitambo yekupedzisira.

10. Indaneti Nhasi: Kuvapo Kwayo Kwese uye Kukanganisa Kwayo paSosaiti

IInternet yave chikamu chakakosha chehupenyu hwezuva nezuva munharaunda Nhasi, kuvepo kwayo kwese kunotitendera kuti tigare takabatana kune huwandu hwakawanda hweruzivo uye masevhisi. Nhasi, tinogona kuwana nhau, kutenga, kutaura nevanhu pasi pose, uye kutsvaga chero rudzi rwemashoko nekungodzvanya zvishoma. Kureruka uye kumhanya kwatinogona kushandisa Indaneti kwakakanganisa zvikuru mararamiro edu.

Imwe yemabhenefiti makuru eInternet nhasi kugona kwayo kubatanidza vanhu, zvisinei nenzvimbo yavo. Izvi zvakavhura musuwo wekudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose, zvichiita kuti pave nekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika. munguva chaiyoPamusoro pezvo, kubuda kwesocial media kwakashandura nzira yatinodyidzana nekugovana ruzivo, kugadzira nharaunda chaidzo nekuvandudza kutaurirana kwevanhu.

Nekudaro, kuwanda kweInternet kwakaunzawo matambudziko matsva kunzanga. Semuenzaniso, kuwana ruzivo rusina muganho kunogona kutungamirira kune data kuwandisa uye kuomerwa kuona pakati pechokwadi neruzivo rwenhema. Uyezve, kunyanya kuvimba neInternet kunogona kukanganisa hunyanzvi hwedu hwekutaurirana uye kugona kwedu kuisa pfungwa pamabasa akakosha.

Muchidimbu, Indaneti yakashandura nzanga yedu nenzira dzakawanda. Kuvapo kwaro kwese kwakatiunzira zvikomborero zvisingaverengeki, asi kwakaunzawo zvinetso. Zvakakosha kuti tijairane neichi chitsva zera redhijitari uye ngatidzidzei kushandisa tekinoroji zvine huchenjeri, tichishandisa zvizere mabhenefiti ayo tisingarasikirwe nemhedzisiro yakaipa yaungave nayo muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva.

11. Matambudziko uye Kukanganisa: Matambudziko eCybersecurity Akabuda sei paInternet

Kubuda kwenyaya dzecybersecurity paInternet kwasimudza matambudziko akasiyana uye kusasimba kunoda kutariswa uye mhinduro dzinoshanda. Aya matambudziko akashanduka uye akagadziridzwa nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, uye kutyisidzira kutsva kunogara kuchibuda izvo zvinokanganisa kuchengetedzeka kweruzivo uye kuvanzika kwevashandisi.

Rimwe rematambudziko makuru riri mukuoma kwecyberattacks. MaHackers nemacybercriminals vanoshandisa nzira dzepamusoro-soro dzekupinza masisitimu nemanetiweki, nechinangwa chekuba ruzivo rwakavanzika kana kukanganisa. Pamusoro pezvo, kusasimba mukugadzira uye kusimudzira software uye maapplication ewebhu zvakakonzerawo kuwanda kwenyaya dzecybersecurity.

Rimwe dambudziko rakakura kukura kwekuwedzera kwemidziyo yakabatana neinternet, inozivikanwa seInternet yezvinhu (IoT). Uku kusanganisa kukuru uku kwakawedzera nzvimbo yekurwisa uye kugadzira mapeji matsva ekuchengetedza. Zvishandiso zveIoT, zvakaita semakamera ekuchengetedza, midziyo yemumba yakangwara, uye michina yekurapa, inogona kuve panjodzi yekurwiswa uye kukanganisa kuvanzika kwevashandisi kana matanho akakodzera ekuchengetedza akasaitwa.

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12. Kukosha Kwekuvanzika Kwepamhepo: Matambudziko Ekudzivirira Yemunhu Data

13. Ramangwana reInternet: Technological Trends uye New Applications

Mumakore gumi apfuura, internet yakaona kukura kusati kwamboitika, uye ramangwana rayo rinovimbisa shanduko dzakanyanya. Panyaya iyi, akati wandei matekinoroji uye maapplication matsva ari kubuda ari kushandura nzira yatinodyidzana nayo online. Imwe yeaya maitiro iInternet yezvinhu (IoT), iyo inokurudzira kubatanidza zvinhu nemidziyo kunetiweki kuunganidza nekugovana data munguva chaiyo. Izvi zvinobvumira hukuru hukuru uye hunhu hwezviitwa zvedu zvezuva nezuva, kubva kumba kuenda kubasa.

Imwe nzira yakakosha ndeye artificial intelligence (AI), iyo ine mukana wekushandura mashandisiro atinoita internet. Nekufambira mberi kwealgorithms uye simba rekugadzirisa, michina inokwanisa kudzidza nekuita sarudzo yakazvimirira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vashandisi vanogashira mibairo yechokwadi uye yakakodzera mukutsvaga kwavo kwepamhepo, pamwe nezviitiko zvemunhu pamapuratifomu edhijitari, nekuda kwekugona kwemichina yekuongorora huwandu hwakawanda hweruzivo uye kuenderana nezvido zvemunhu.

Uyezve, chokwadi chaicho (RV) uye chokwadi chakawedzerwa (AR) matekinoroji ari kushandura mabatiro atinoita neinternet uye zvedhijitari. VR inotibvumira kunyudza mukati menzvimbo yakakwana, nepo AR ichifukidza zvinhu zvedhijitari pane chokwadi chemuviri. Matekinoroji ese ari maviri ane mukana wekuvandudza maitiro atinoita kudzidza, kushanda, uye kuzvivaraidza pachedu online. Semuyenzaniso, VR inogona kutibvumira kuongorora nzvimbo dziri kure kana kuona zviitiko zvinonyudza, nepo AR ichigona kuwedzera mabatiro atinoita neruzivo rwedhijitari munharaunda yedu.

Muchidimbu, ramangwana reinternet rakazadzwa neanonakidza tekinoroji maitiro uye maapplication matsva. Kubva paIndaneti yeZvinhu kuenda kuhungwaru hwekugadzira uye chokwadi chaicho, matauriro atinoita pamhepo acharamba achishanduka nekusvetuka-svetuka. Aya maitiro anovimbisa kuvandudza kugona, hunhu, uye kunyudzwa kwezviitiko zvedu munyika yedhijitari. Gadzirira imwe inotoshamisa uye inoshandura internet!

14. Indaneti yezvinhu: Kubatana kwemidziyo kuri kushandura nyika yedu

Iyo Internet yezvinhu (IoT) inoreva kubatana kwemidziyo inounganidza uye kugovera data pamusoro petiweki. Iyi tekinoroji yekuchinja iri kushandura nyika yedu uye inokwanisa kukanganisa chikamu chese chehupenyu hwedu, kubva kumba kuenda kumaindasitiri.

Nekuwedzera kutorwa kwemidziyo yakangwara, senge ma sensors, thermostats, uye internet-yakabatana midziyo, iyo IoT iri kuunza huwandu hwakawanda hwe data. Iyi data inogona kushandiswa kunatsiridza mashandiro, kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo, uye kugadzira mamwe emunhu zviitiko.

Kubatana kwemidziyo muIoT kunopawo matambudziko matsva, sekuchengetedza data uye kuvanzika. Izvo zvakakosha kumisa matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza uye kuona kuti data inofambiswa uye kuchengetwa zvakachengeteka. Uyezve, kuvandudzwa kweakavhurika zviyero uye mapuroteni kwakakosha kugonesa kudyidzana pakati pemidziyo kubva kune vakasiyana vagadziri.

Muchidimbu, Indaneti yave mhedzisiro yemakumi emakore ekufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwekufambiswa kwemashoko uye kubatana kwenyanzvi dzakawanda nemasangano pasi rese. Kubva payakatanga yakaderera sehurongwa hwekufambiswa kwemashoko muchiuto kusvika kune network yepasi rose inobatanidza mabhiriyoni evanhu, Indaneti yakasandura chose matauriro atinoita, kushanda, kudzidza, nekudyidzana. Kushanduka kwayo uye kuenderera mberi kwekusimudzira chiratidzo chekugona kusingagumi kwetekinoroji uye chishuwo chedu chekugara chakabatana. IInternet icharamba ichishanduka, uye nguva chete ndiyo icharatidza zvinoshamisa zvayakatichengetera mune ramangwana.