Mechatronics: Nhoroondo, mashandisirwo uye munda webasa

Mechatronics: Nhoroondo, mashandisirwo uye munda webasa

Mechatronics chirango chinosanganisa mechanics, zvemagetsi uye control engineering. kugadzira otomatiki masisitimu uye zvigadzirwa. Yakabuda semhinduro kune kudiwa kwekubatanidza nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzetekinoroji uye yakashanduka nekukurumidza kubva payakatanga kuma1960s. Muchinyorwa chino, isu tichaongorora nhoroondo ye mechatronics, mashandisiro ayo mumaindasitiri akasiyana, uye nehupamhi hwemabasa ainopa kune inyanzvi nyanzvi.

Nhoroondo ye mechatronics inodzokera ku1960s, apo izwi rakatanga kushandiswa kurondedzera kubatanidzwa kwemakanika uye magetsi mumagetsi emagetsi. Nekudaro, midzi yaro iri mune yekutanga dzidziso senge maindasitiri otomatiki uye marobhoti. Iyi nzira ye interdisciplinary yakawedzera kukosha munyika yekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji nguva dzose.

Nhasi, mechatronics inowanikwa munenge maindasitiri ese, kubva kumotokari kuenda kukurapa. Mechatronics 'zvishandiso zvakakura uye zvinogona kuwanikwa mune zvigadzirwa nemasisitimu akadai semotokari dzinozvimiririra, marobhoti emaindasitiri, michina yekurapa yepamusoro, uye fekitori otomatiki masisitimu. Aya maapplication akavakirwa pakugona kwemakatronics kusanganisa makanika, zvemagetsi nemakomputa kugadzira mhinduro nyowani uye inoshanda.

Iyo mechatronics basa munda yakafara uye inopa yakawanda mikana yeinjiniya nyanzvi. Mechatronics matekiniki anogona kushanda mumaindasitiri akadai semotokari, aerospace, zvemagetsi zvevatengi, kugadzira simba, uye mushonga. Basa ravo rinogona kusanganisira dhizaini, kuisirwa, kugadzirisa, uye kuvandudzwa kwemakatronic masisitimu, pamwe nekutsvaga nekuvandudza matekinoroji matsva. Iko kudiwa kwevane hunyanzvi mechatronics nyanzvi kunoramba kuchikura sezvo makambani anotarisa kuvandudza mashandiro uye otomatiki maitiro avo.

Muchidimbu, mechatronics chirango chepakati pedisciplinary chakakura nekukurumidza kubva payakabva muma1960s. Sus aplicaciones Iwo akakura uye aripo mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana, nendima yebasa ye mechatronics yakaenzana yakafara uye inogara ichikura. Vakadzidziswa mechatronics matekiniki vanoita basa rakakosha mukuvandudza kugona uye hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji. munyika magetsi.

1. Tsanangudzo uye kwakabva mechatronics

Mechatronics chirango chinosanganisa mechanic, electronic, and control engineering kugadzira nekugadzira otomatiki masisitimu. Mabviro ayo anodzokera kumakore ekuma1960, apo izwi iri rakatsanangurwa nainjiniya wekuJapan Tetsuro Mori. Mechatronics inomuka kubva pakudiwa kwekubatanidza zvinobudirira iyo mechanika uye yemagetsi zvikamu mune imwechete sisitimu, nechinangwa chekuvandudza mashandiro ayo uye kushanda kwayo.Kubva ipapo, yakaona exponential kukura uye ikozvino iripo mune akawanda maindasitiri uye sevhisi zvikamu.

Mechatronics ine maapplication munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana. Semuenzaniso, muindasitiri yemotokari, inoshandiswa mukugadzira uye kugadzirwa kwemotokari dzinozvimiririra uye magetsi ekudzora masisitimu kuvandudza kuchengetedzwa uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemotokari. Muindasitiri yekugadzira, mechatronics inoshandiswa kugadzira otomatiki masisitimu uye marobhoti eindasitiri anokwenenzvera maitiro ekugadzira.. Inoshandiswawo mukurapa, zvekurima, marobhoti, uye otomatiki epamba, pakati pemamwe minda.

Iyo mechatronics yebasa munda yakafara uye inopa akawanda ebasa mikana. Mechatronics matekinoroji anogona kushanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira otomatiki masisitimu dhizaini, controller programming, zvemagetsi uye zvemichina zvekugadzirisa, kutsvagisa nekuvandudza matekinoroji matsva, uye nyanzvi yekubvunza. Uyezve, mechatronics iripo mumakambani ehukuru hwakasiyana, kubva kumakambani emarudzi akawanda kusvika kumabhizinesi madiki uye epakati., iyo inopa kuchinjika uye kusiyana-siyana mune sarudzo dzebasa kune nyanzvi mukuranga uku.

2. Iko kushanduka kwe mechatronics uye kushandiswa kwayo ikozvino

Mechatronics chirango chinosanganisa mechanika, zvemagetsi, komputa uye kutonga engineering kugadzira nekusimudzira sistemas inteligentes uye otomatiki. Izwi rekuti "mechatronics" rakagadzirwa muma1960, asi shanduko yaro inodzokera kumashure zvakanyanya. Izwi rekuti "mechatronics" rinobva mukubatanidzwa kwe "mechanics" uye "electronics," kuratidza kubatanidzwa kweizvi dzidziso mbiri mumunda wekudzidza. Pfungwa yakakosha kuseri kwemakatronics ndeyekugadzira masisitimu anosanganisa kurongeka uye kuchinjika kwemakanika nekugadzirisa uye kutonga kugona kwemagetsi.

Mashandisirwo emakachatronics akawanda uye anogona kuwanikwa mune dzakasiyana siyana maindasitiri, akadai semotokari, kugadzira, aerospace, uye zvekurapa. Semuenzaniso, muindasitiri yemotokari, mechatronics inoshandiswa kugadzira masisitimu ekubatsira mutyairi senge anti-lock braking system (ABS) uye kugadzikana kwekudzora masisitimu (ESP). Mukugadzira, mechatronics yakakosha pakuvandudza marobhoti eindasitiri uye process otomatiki masisitimu. Muchikamu chekurapa, mechatronics yakagonesa kufambira mberi kwakakosha mukugadzirwa kweprosthetics uye zvishandiso zvekubatsira vanhu vakaremara.

Iyo mechatronics basa munda yakakura uye inogara ichikura. Mechatronics nyanzvi dzinogona kushanda mukugadzira, kusimudzira, uye kuchengetedza mechatronic masisitimu, pamwe nekutsvagisa nekuvandudza kwezvitsva zvekushandisa uye matekinoroji. Pamusoro pezvo, makambani muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana ari kuramba achitsvaga mainjiniya emamechatronics kuti vavandudze maitiro avo uye zvigadzirwa, vachipa mikana yebasa yakawanda. Imwe yemabhenefiti e mechatronics kugona kusanganisa hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi pane akati wandei dzidziso, iyo inoturikira mune inotsvakwa-pashure maprofile ehunyanzvi mumaindasitiri akasiyana.

3. Kukosha kwe mechatronics mumotokari uye aerospace industries

Mechatronics chirango chinosanganisa mechanic engineering, zvemagetsi, uye sainzi yekombuta kugadzira otomatiki uye anodzorwa masisitimu. Kukosha kwaro mumaindasitiri emotokari uye aerospace kuri mukukwanisa kwayo kugadzira zvigadziriso zvine hutsva uye zvinoshanda zvinovandudza mhando, chengetedzo, uye kubereka muzvikamu izvi zvinoda.

Muindasitiri yemotokariMechatronics inoita basa rakakosha mukugadzira nekugadzira mota dzemazuvano. Mechatronic masisitimu ane basa rekudzora uye nekutarisa chikamu chese chemota, kubva painjini kuenda kune yekuchengetedza uye kunyaradza masisitimu. Izvi zvinovandudza kushanda kwesimba, zvinoderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo, uye zvinowedzera kuchengetedzwa kwekutyaira.

Muindasitiri yemuchadengaMechatronics kiyi pakuvandudzwa kwendege dzinowedzera uye dzakachengeteka. Kudzora uye masisitimu ekufambisa akakosha pakuona kuti ndege yakagadzikana uye chaiyo, pamwe nekuderedza njodzi dzekushanda. Mechatronics inoshandiswawo mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvemuchadenga nemidziyo, senge propulsion system uye yekumhara masisitimu.

Muchidimbu, mechatronics inoita basa rakakosha mumaindasitiri emotokari uye aerospace, ichipa mhinduro nyowani uye dzinoshanda dzinovandudza mhando, chengetedzo, uye kubudirira. Ichi chirango chinosanganisa mainjiniya emagetsi, zvemagetsi, uye sainzi yekombuta kugadzira otomatiki uye anodzorwa masisitimu anogonesa kuita kwemotokari nendege. Kushandiswa kwaro muzvikamu izvi kwakakosha pakugadzirisa matambudziko azvino uye emangwana, sekuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo uye kugadzira masisitimu ekufambisa akachengeteka uye anoshanda.

4. Munda webasa we mechatronics uye kudiwa kwazvino kwevashandi

Mechatronics chirango chinosanganisa mechanic engineering, zvemagetsi, uye sainzi yekombuta kugadzira, kugadzira, nekudzora otomatiki masisitimu. Yakatangira kuma80 uye yakaona kukura kwakadzikama mumunda wayo wekushandisa. Parizvino, mechatronics ine nzvimbo yakafara uye yakasiyana-siyana yebasa., kuvhura mikana mumaindasitiri akasiyana akadai semotokari, aerospace, kugadzira, uye marobhoti.

Kudiwa kwevashandi ve mechatronics kwakawedzera zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura. Kuenderera mberi kwekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kwaunza kudiwa kuri kukura kwenyanzvi dzinokwanisa kubatanidza michina, zvemagetsi, uye kutonga masisitimu mumhinduro itsva. Makambani ari kutsvaga mechatronics nyanzvi dzine hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi uye kugona kugadzirisa matambudziko complejos.

Minda yekunyorera mechatronics yakakura uye inotangira pakugadzira nekugadzira marobhoti eindasitiri kusvika pakuvandudza masisitimu ekutonga ekuita otomatiki. Dzimwe dzenzvimbo dzakajairika dzebasa kune mechatronics nyanzvi dzinosanganisira: Dhizaini yeatomatiki ekugadzira masisitimu, kuvandudza kwekutonga nekutarisa mhinduro, dhizaini yemunhu-muchina interfaces, uye kuchengetedza mechatronic masisitimu.. Uye zvakare, mechatronics nyanzvi dzinogona kushandawo mukutsvagisa nekuvandudza zvigadzirwa zvitsva uye matekinoroji.

5. Dzidzo yezvidzidzo inodiwa kuti upinde mundima ye mechatronics

Mechatronics chirango chinoramba chichikura uye chichishanduka, uye chinoda hwaro hwakasimba hwedzidzo kuti ukwanise kupinda nekukunda mundima iyi inoda. Kuti uve mechatronics nyanzvi, hwaro hwakasimba mumasvomhu, fizikisi, uye zvemagetsi zvinodiwa. Izvi zvidzidzo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise misimboti uye dzidziso dziri pasi pe mechatronics. Izvo zvakakosha kuve nekuraira kwakanaka kwekusiyanisa equations, integral calculus, uye linear algebra, sezvo ruzivo urwu ruchishandiswa mukugadzira uye kutonga kweakaoma mechatronic masisitimu.

Pamusoro pehunyanzvi hwemasvomhu nefizikisi, avo vanofarira kupinda mumunda we mechatronics vanofanirwa kuve nehurongwa hwekugadzira uye masisitimu ekugadzira. Kunzwisisa kwakasimba kwemitauro yepurogiramu yakadai seC ++, Python, kana Java, pamwe chete nekombiyuta-inobatsira dhizaini (CAD) software, inodiwa, sezvo izvi zviri maturusi akakosha ekugadzira uye kusimudzira mechatronic masisitimu. Saizvozvo, kunzwisisa kwakanaka kwemakanika uye kugadzira kwakakosha, sezvo mechatronics inosanganisira kubatanidzwa kwemakanika, zvemagetsi, uye zvekutonga masisitimu.

Izvi zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwehunyanzvi hwaunoda kuwana. Kunyangwe zvichikwanisika kuwana kudzidziswa kwekutanga mu mechatronics kuburikidza nehunyanzvi uye diploma zvirongwa, kuve nyanzvi ine hunyanzvi mundima iyi, zvinokurudzirwa kuita dhigirii reBachelor mune mechatronics engineering. Aya marudzi ezvirongwa anopa kudzidziswa kwakazara mune akasiyana mamechatronics, kubva kune theoretical nheyo kusvika kune inoshanda mashandisirwo. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe mayunivhesiti anopa postgraduate uye nyanzvi zvirongwa mune mechatronics kune avo vanoda kuenderera mberi mundima iyi. Izvi zvinobvumira vadzidzi kuti vawane hunyanzvi uye ruzivo rwunodiwa kutungamira mechatronics yekutsvaga uye mapurojekiti ebudiriro. Muchidimbu, yakakura uye yakasiyana, uye inoda kuzvipira uye kuzvipira kubva kune vanofarira chirango ichi.

6. Zvishandiso zvakakosha uye matekinoroji mune mechatronics

Mechatronics chirango chinosanganisa mechanic engineering, zvemagetsi, uye sainzi yekombuta kugadzira nekugadzira otomatiki masisitimu. Muchinyorwa chino, tichatarisa pane zvakakosha maturusi uye matekinoroji anoshandiswa mu mechatronics, ayo akakosha pakushanda kwakanaka uye kwakaringana kwema mechatronic masisitimu.

Chimwe chezvishandiso zvinonyanya kukosha mune mechatronics kuenzanisa komputa, iyo inobvumira mainjiniya kuti aedze uye asimbise magadzirirwo avo asati agadzirwa. Uchishandisa software yakasarudzika, mainjiniya anogona kutevedzera maitiro e mechatronic masisitimu uye kuita chaiwo bvunzo kuti vaone mashandiro avo uye kuvimbika. Ichi chishandiso chinonyanya kukosha pakuona matambudziko angangoitika uye kugadzirisa dhizaini usati waisa zviwanikwa mukugadzirwa kwemuviri.

Pamusoro pekuenzanisa, kushandiswa kwekombuta-inobatsira dhizaini (CAD) software kwakakosha mune mechatronics. Mainjiniya anoshandisa zvirongwa izvi kugadzira uye kuona matatu-dimensional modhi yemechatronic zvikamu uye masisitimu. Izvi zvinogonesa kuzivikanwa uye kugadziriswa kwematambudziko ekugadzira, pamwe nekutaurirana nedzimwe nyanzvi dzinoshanda purojekiti. CAD inobvumirawo kukurumidza kugadziridzwa uye kuvandudzwa kwedhizaini, iyo inomhanyisa maitiro ekusimudzira.

Imwe tekinoroji yakakosha mune mechatronics marobhoti. Marobhoti mamechatronic zvishandiso anoshandiswa mune dzakasiyana siyana maapplication, kubva mukugadzira uye kutakura zvinhu kusvika kumushonga uye indasitiri yevaraidzo. Mechatronics mainjiniya anoshandisa akasiyana marudzi emarobhoti, senge marobhoti maoko, mota dzinozvimiririra, uye drones, kuita otomatiki mabasa akaomarara uye maitiro. Aya marobhoti akashongedzerwa nemasensor, actuators, uye controller izvo zvinovabvumidza kudyidzana nenzvimbo yavo uye kuita zviito chaizvo zvinoenderana nehurongwa. Marobhoti tekinoroji inogara ichishanduka, uye kufambira mberi kwayo kwakavhura mikana mitsva mune mechatronics.

7. Matambudziko uye mafambiro emangwana mumunda we mechatronics

Mechatronics chirango chinogara chichibuda chinosanganisa mechaniki engineering, zvemagetsi, uye sainzi yekombuta kugadzira nekugadzira masisitimu akangwara. Mumakore achangopfuura, yakaona kufambira mberi kwakakosha uye yave nzvimbo iri kuwedzera yakakosha yekudzidza nekushandisa. Nekudaro, senge chero nzvimbo yetekinoroji, inotarisanawo nematambudziko uye inofanirwa kugara yakaziva mafambiro emangwana kuti irambe ichishanduka uye ichienderana nezvinodiwa munharaunda.

Imwe yematambudziko makuru anotarisana nemakatronics ndeyekubatanidzwa kwemakinoroji ari kubuda akadai sehungwaru hwekugadzira uye Internet yezvinhu. Aya matekinoroji anopa mukana wekugadzira kunyange akangwara uye anoshanda masisitimu, asi anosanganisira matambudziko matsva maererano nekugadzira, kuita, uye chengetedzo. Semuyenzaniso, kugadzira mechatronic masisitimu anokwanisa kugadzirisa yakawanda data mukati nguva chaiyo zvinoda kuvandudza algorithms akaomesesa uye matekiniki ekudzidza muchina.

Rimwe dambudziko nderekugara uchifambidzana nemaitiro e otomatiki uye marobhoti. Mechatronics ine hukama zvakanyanya neminda iyi, saka zvakakosha kuti urambe uchiziva nezvezvichangoburwa zvitsva kuitira kuti uzvishandise pakugadzira uye kusimudzira mechatronic masisitimu. Izvi zvinosanganisira kunzwisisa pfungwa dzakadai semarobhoti anodyidzana, ayo anogonesa kudyidzana kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka pakati pevanhu nemarobhoti, pamwe nekuona mikana munzvimbo dzakaita semushonga, indasitiri yemotokari, uye otomatiki kumba.

Mukupedzisa, mechatronics ine mukana mukuru wekukura mune ramangwana uye inotarisana nematambudziko anonakidza uye maitiro. Kubatanidza matekinoroji ari kusimukira uye kujairana nemaitiro e otomatiki uye marobhoti angori mamwe ematambudziko ari pamberi. Kuramba uri pamusoro peidzi shanduko uye kujairana nadzo kuchave kwakakosha kuti uenderere mberi nekugadzira zvigadziriso zvitsva mundima iyi. Mechatronics ine basa rakakosha kuita. munharaunda ikozvino uye, nemidziyo yakakodzera, icharamba ichifambisa kufambira mberi mumaindasitiri akawanda.