Sero membrane chinhu chakakosha mumasero mapenyu, achiita basa rakakosha mukutonga nekudzivirira kwavo. Iyo inozivikanwawo se plasma membrane, iyi yakaonda lipid layer inoumbwa neakasiyana mamorekuru anopindirana nemazvo, achibvumira kuyerera kwezvinhu zvinodiwa pakushanda kweserura uye kuchengetedza nharaunda yemukati yakakwana. Muchinyorwa chino, tichanyatsoongorora bhuku »Cell Membrane», basa rehunyanzvi rinotarisa zvakadzama chimiro nemabasa eichi chakakosha chikamu chesero biology.
Chimiro uye kuumbwa kwebhuku cell membrane
Sero membrane chinhu chakakosha mumasero ese, ese prokaryotic uye eukaryotic. Iyo semipermeable chipingamupinyi chinoparadzanisa mukati mesero kubva kune yekunze nharaunda, ichibvumira maitiro ekutakura mamorekuru uye kutaurirana kweserura kuitika. Chimiro chemusero membrane inoumbwa nezvikamu zvakasiyana, izvo zvakakosha pakushanda kwayo kwakaringana.
Chimwe chezvikamu zvikuru zvesero membrane phospholipids, iyo inoumba lipid bilayer. Ichi chebilayer chiumbwa chiviri-mativi chinoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri zvephospholipids, umo misoro yepolar yakatariswa yakananga kunze kwesero uye miswe yehydrophobic yakananga mukati memembrane. Urongwa uhwu hunobvumira membrane kuti isapindire kune polar molecules, asi inobvumira kupfuura kweasiri polar mamorekuru.
Pamusoro pe phospholipids, iyo cell membrane zvakare ine mapuroteni, anoita mabasa akasiyana siyana. Aya mapuroteni anogona kuve transmembrane, ndiko kuti, kuyambuka iyo lipid bilayer, kana kubatanidzwa nemukati kana kunze pamusoro pe membrane. Transmembrane mapuroteni ane basa rekusarudza uye kutakura mamorekuru kuyambuka membrane, pamwe nekufambisa kwemasaini muchitokisi. Kune rumwe rutivi, mapuroteni emumativi anobatanidzwa mukuchengetedza kwechimiro che membrane uye mukukurukurirana pakati pemasero.
Muchidimbu, chimiro uye kuumbwa kwesero membrane zvakakosha pakurarama uye kushanda kwemasero. Phospholipids inoumba iyo lipid bilayer inobvumira kuparadzaniswa uye kusarudza kutaurirana kwesero, nepo mapuroteni achiita basa rakakosha mukufambisa kwemamorekuru uye kufambisa kwemasaini. Kunzwisisa chimiro uye kuumbwa kwesero membrane mune zvakadzama kwakakosha kufambisira mberi kwesero biology uye kusimudzira kwakanangwa marapirwo.
Mabasa akakosha ebhuku cell membrane mune zvipenyu
Mabasa akakosha emusero membrane muzvinhu zvipenyu
Sero membrane, inozivikanwawo se plasma membrane, chimiro chakakosha muzvisikwa zvipenyu. Basa rayo guru nderokudzivirira nekuchengetedza kuvimbika kwesero, asi rinozadzisawo mamwe mabasa anokosha:
- Kutakura: Sero membrane inoronga kupinda nekubuda kwezvinhu zvinodiwa pakushanda kwesero. Kuburikidza nematanho akadai sekupararira uye kutakura kunoshanda, inova nechokwadi chekuti chikafu chinopinda uye tsvina inobuda musero nenzira inodzorwa.
- Signal receiver: Iyo cell membrane ine ma receptors anoona masaini emakemikari uye oaendesa mukati mesero. Izvi zvinobvumira kutaurirana pakati pemasero uye kugadziriswa kwemhinduro dzemasero maererano nemamiriro ezvakatipoteredza.
- Kutaurirana nefoni: Iyo cell membrane inoitawo basa rakakosha mukudyidzana pakati pemasero. Kuburikidza neakasarudzika majunctions anonzi gap junctions, masero anogona kuchinjanisa mamorekuru nemasaini, achibvumira kurongeka kwezviitiko mumatishu uye nhengo.
Muchidimbu, cell membrane ine mabasa akakosha ekushanda kwezvipenyu. Pamusoro pekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza kutendeseka kwemaseru, ine basa rekutakura zvinhu, kucherechedzwa kwemasaini emakemikari, uye kutaurirana kweserura. Aya mabasa anovimbisa kuenzana nekudyidzana pakati pemaseru, kubvumira hupenyu uye kushanda zvakanaka kwezvipenyu.
Kukosha kwe fluidity uye asymmetry musero membrane bhuku
Kukosha kwe fluidity uye asymmetry mu cell membrane yakakosha pakushanda kwakakodzera kwemasero uye kuchengetedza homeostasis. Iyo cell membrane, inoumbwa ne lipid bilayer uye mapuroteni akasiyana, inoshanda sechivharidzo chekusarudza, ichibvumira kupinda nekubuda kwemamorekuru uye kudzora kutaurirana kweserura.
Iyo fluidity ye cell membrane yakakosha pakufamba kwemamorekuru mukati mayo. Iyi pfuma inobvumira maprotein e membrane kufamba nechemberi, izvo zvakakosha pakushanda kwawo nemazvo uye kudyidzana nemamwe mapuroteni nemamorekuru. Pamusoro pezvo, kuyerera kwe lipid bilayer kunobatsira kugovaniswa kwelipids. .
Kune rimwe divi, sero membrane asymmetry yakakosha pakusiyanisa kwemabasa uye kusaina kwesero. Iyi asymmetry inowanikwa nekusaenzana kwekugoverwa kwe lipids nemapuroteni muzvikamu zviviri zve lipid bilayer. kubvumira iyo kupindirana nemamwe mamorekuru uye kufambisa kwemasaini.
Basa re lipids mukushanda kwebhuku re cell membrane
Lipids inoita basa rakakosha mukushanda kwesero membrane. Aya ma organic molecules ndiwo makuru ezvimiro zvemembrane, achigadzira isingapindike chipingamupinyi chinogadzirisa mafambiro ezvinhu mukati nekubuda musero. Kusiyana kwe lipids kunowanikwa mu membrane inobvumira sangano rine simba guru, rakakosha pakushanda kwakanaka kwemaitiro anokosha emasero.
Iyo lipid bilayer, inoumbwa zvakanyanya phospholipids, inoumba inoshanduka uye yemvura chimiro chinoenderana nezvinodiwa nesero. Ichi chivakwa chinobvumira kudzora kwekutakura kwezvinovaka muviri, metabolites uye masaini masaini mukati me membrane. Lipids zvakare inotora chikamu muprotein synthesis uye mukurongeka kweprotein complexes mu cell membrane, ichivimbisa kugarisana kwavo nekushanda.
Pamusoro pebasa ravo rekuumbwa, lipids inoitawo basa rakakosha mukusaina sero. Sphingolipids uye cholesterol, semuenzaniso, ita semamicrodomain mu membrane inonzi lipid rafts, uko mapuroteni anobatanidzwa mukufambiswa kwechiratidzo anoiswa. Aya mamicrodomain anobvumira kuumbwa kwemapuratifomu akasarudzika uye kutonga kudyidzana pakati pekusaina mapuroteni nema receptors awo.
Kusarudza kutakura uye kudzora kwezvinhu mukati mesero membrane
Kusarudzika kutakura uye kudzorwa kwezvinhu mukati mesero membrane inyaya yakakosha yekunzwisisa maitiro ebiochemical anoitika mumasero mapenyu. Mubhuku rino, maitiro uye mapuroteni anosanganisirwa mukufambisa kwezvinhu kuyambuka membrane anoongororwa zvakadzama, pamwe nekutonga kwavo uye zvinorehwa necellular homeostasis.
Imwe yemhando dzakanyanya kukosha yekutakura yakasarudzika musero inofambiswa kupararira, iyo inoitwa kuburikidza neakananga mapuroteni ekutakura. Aya mapuroteni ane kugona kuziva uye kusunga kune chaiwo mamorekuru, achibvumira kupfuura kwavo kuburikidza ne membrane. Iri bhuku rinokurukura nezvemhando dzakasiyana dzekutakura mapuroteni uye nzira dzavanoshandisa kufambisa kusarudzwa kwekutakura kwezvinhu mukati nekubuda muchitokisi.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chinotaridzwa mubhuku rino kudzora kwevatakuri ve membrane. Maserura maitiro anoenderana nechiyero chakaringana muhuwandu hwezvinhu zvakasiyana, uye kuti zvizadzise izvi, maseru anoronga basa revanotakura mapuroteni avo. Aya maitiro ekudzora anosanganisira modulation yejini kutaura, phosphorylation yemaprotein ekutakura, uye kudyidzana nemamwe mamorekuru ekudzora. Iri bhuku rinopa maonero akakwana ezvirongwa zvekutonga uye kukosha kwavo mukushanda kwemaserura.
Kudyidzana pakati pemapuroteni uye lipids mubhuku re cell membrane
Sero membrane chinhu chakakosha mumaseru, chinoumbwa zvakanyanya nemapuroteni uye lipids.Izvi zvikamu zvinodyidzana nenzira yakakosha kuitira kushanda zvakanaka kwemembrane uye kushanda kwemaitiro akasiyana siyana.
Kudyidzana pakati pemapuroteni uye lipids musero membrane kwakakosha pakugadzirisa kwe membrane fluidity. Transmembrane mapuroteni, akaiswa mu lipid bilayer, anogona kupindirana zvakananga neakapoteredza lipids uye kukanganisa kurongeka kwavo uye kufamba. Izvi zvinozokanganisa kuyerera kwe membrane, zvichibvumira kuchinjika kwayo kune akasiyana cellular mamiriro. Kumwe kushamwaridzana kunonyanya kuzivikanwa ndekunoitika pakati pemapuroteni uye phospholipids, zvakadai sekubatana pakati peglycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) -anchoring proteins uye lipids yePI class.
Kumwe kudyidzana kwakakosha pakati pemapuroteni uye lipids musero membranekuumbwa kweprotein-lipid complexes. Mamwe mapuroteni ane lipid domain kana covalent anchor kune lipid, izvo zvinovatendera kuti vabatane zvakananga nemamwe membrane lipids. Kudyidzana uku kunogona kuve kwakakosha kune nzvimbo uye kushanda kweprotein mu membrane, pamwe nekusaina cellular. Uyezve, mapuroteni anogona kuenzanisa membrane lipid kuumbwa kuburikidza nemaitiro avo enzymatic, senge phospholipases, iyo inokonzeresa iyo hydrolysis yeakananga phospholipids.
Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kutendeseka uye kupera kwesero membrane
Sero membrane chinhu chakakosha chinotenderedza nekuchengetedza sero, chinodzora mafambiro ezvinhu mukati nekubuda.Zvisinei, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kukanganisa kuperera kwaro uye kupinda mukati, zvichikanganisa kuenzana kwesero uye kushanda kwayo chaiko.
Pazasi pane zvinhu zvikuru zvinogona kukanganisa kutendeseka uye kupera kwesero membrane:
- Tembiricha: Tembiricha yepamusoro inogona kuwedzera kuyerera kwemembrane, zvichikonzera kupinza kwakanyanya uye kuita kuti zvinhu zvisingadiwe zvifambe. Kune rimwe divi, tembiricha yakadzikira zvakanyanya inogona kukonzera kuoma kwe membrane, ichidzikisira kupenya kwayo uye kukanganisa maitiro ehupenyu.
- Concentration yezvinhu: Kuvapo kwesolutes pazvikamu zvakasiyana kunogona kukanganisa kupera kwe membrane. Iyo yekumisikidza gradient inogona kuburitsa kupararira, ichibvumira kupfuura kwemamorekuru kubva kumatunhu epamusoro-soro kuenda kumatunhu ekudzika. Pamusoro pezvo, zvimwe zvinhu, senge ion, zvinogona kushandura membrane kugona uye kukanganisa kusarudzwa kwayo.
- Nzvimbo pH: Shanduko yepH yenzvimbo ye cellular inogona kukanganisa chimiro uye kushanda kwe membrane. Yakanyanya kuwanda yeasidhi kana alkalinity inogona kukanganisa mapuroteni uye lipids aripo mu membrane, achichinja kupenya kwayo uye kusiya sero panjodzi yezvinhu zvinokuvadza.
Mukupedzisa, kutendeseka uye kupera kwesero membrane kwakakosha pakushanda kwakakodzera kwesero. Zvakasiyana zvekunze zvinhu zvinogona kuikanganisa, kubva pakupisa uye kusangana kwezvinhu kusvika kune pH yenzvimbo. Kunzwisisa kuti izvi zvinhu zvinopesvedzera sero membrane zvinotitendera kuti tinzwisise zvirinani maitiro ebhayoloji uye nekutsvaga nzira dzinobvira kuchengetedza homeostasis yayo.
Zvinogona kushandiswa kwesero membrane mune biomedical tekinoroji
Izvo zvinogona kushandiswa kwesero membrane mune biomedical tekinoroji yakakura uye inovimbisa. Sezvo kunzwisisa kwechimiro uye kushanda kwesero membrane kwafambira mberi, saka iva nemikana yekuishandisa kuvandudza hutano hwevanhu. Zvimwe zvezvikumbiro zvinonyanya kuvimbisa zvinosanganisira:
- Kuendesa zvinodhaka: Iyo cell membrane inogona kushandiswa sepuratifomu yekutumira zvinodhaka zvakanangwa. Nekubatanidza mamorekuru emishonga musero membrane, zvinokwanisika kunanga mamwe maseru kana matishu, kuwedzera kushanda kwekurapa uye kuderedza mhedzisiro.
- Tissue engineering: Iyo cell membrane inogona zvakare kushandiswa mune tishu engineering kugadzira Artificial biological structures. Nekushandisa iyo yekuzvibatanidza uye yekuzvizivisa hunhu hwesero membrane, zvinokwanisika kugadzira ekugadzira matishu uye nhengo dzinoenderana nemuviri wemunhu.
- Biosensors: Sero membrane inogona kugadziridzwa kuti ishande seyakanyanya kunzwa biological sensor. Nekubatanidza mapuroteni ekugamuchira chaiwo mu membrane yesero, zvinokwanisika kuona nekuyera kuvapo kwekemikari, utachiona, kana mamwe mamorekuru mumuenzaniso webhayoloji.
Aya angori mashoma eakawanda anogona kushandiswa kwesero membrane mune biomedical tekinoroji. Sezvo tsvakiridzo ichienderera mberi, nzira nyowani uye dzinonakidza dzingangobuda kuti dzibatanidze zvimiro zvesero membrane kuvandudza hutano uye kugara zvakanaka.
Matanho ekuvandudza mashandiro uye kugona kwebhuku re cell membrane
Pane nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzinogona kushandiswa kuvandudza mashandiro uye kugona kwesero membrane. Aya mazano anotarisa pakugadzirisa kushanda kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoumba membrane, pamwe nekusimbisa chimiro chayo uye kuvimbisa kuchengetedza kwayo.
Imwe yeakakosha nzira yekuvandudza mashandiro echisero membrane ndeye kuve nechokwadi chakaringana lipid chiyero. Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekubatanidza lipids ine chaiyo midziyo, senge phosphatidylcholine, iyo inofadza fluidity uye kugadzikana kwe membrane. Saizvozvo, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuvapo kweunsaturated fatty acids, iyo inopa kuchinjika uye kuramba kune membrane.
Imwe nzira yakakosha ndeyekugonesa basa rekutakura mapuroteni aripo musero membrane. Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa nekugadzirisa kutaura kwavo uye kuita kwavo, pamwe nekuvandudza kudyidzana kwavo nemasubstrates avanofanira kutakura. Pamusoro pezvo, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekubatanidzwa uye kuiswa kwenzvimbo kweaya mapuroteni mu membrane, ayo anogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza neakakwana synthesis uye kupeta maitiro.
Tsvagiridzo nyowani uye kufambira mberi mukudzidza kwesero membrane book
Mubhuku rino rinonakidza, tinoongorora tsvagiridzo yazvino uye kufambira mberi mukudzidza kwesero membrane. Nezvitsva zvakawanikwa uye matekinoroji, masayendisiti akakwanisa kujekesa maitiro akaoma kunzwisisa anodzora chimiro chakakosha mumaseru.
Tsvagiridzo yekutanga inoratidzwa mubhuku rino inoburitsa mashandiro anoita sero membrane kwete chete sechivharo chekudzivirira, asi zvakare inoita basa rakakosha mukutaurirana kweserura uye kudzora nharaunda yemukati. Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvakawana mapuroteni matsva e membrane, intracellular signing, uye endocytosis uye exocytosis maitiro.
Uyezve, basa iri rinoratidza kufambira mberi kwepamusoro-resolution microscopy matekiniki uye kushandiswa kwe spectroscopy kuona kushanduka kwe membrane pane molecular level. Uku kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kwakabvumira vaongorori kuti vawane yakanyatsojeka uye yakadzama mifananidzo yechimiro chesero membrane, ichiburitsa kuoma kwayo muchimiro che lipid rafts, transmembrane mapuroteni uye makabhohaidhiretsi.
Zvinetso uye zvisingakwanisi mukugadzira uye kusimudzira kweiyo cellular membrane bhuku
Dhizaini uye kusimudzira kwesero membrane kunopa akawanda matambudziko uye zvipimo izvo zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa nemazvo uye nekusika. Pano ticharatidza mamwe ematambudziko makuru ayo masayendisiti uye mainjiniya anotarisana nawo mundima iyi:
1. Kugadzikana uye kusimba: Iro bhuku cell membrane rinofanira kunge rakagadzikana uye rakasimba zvakakwana kuti rimirire akashata mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza. Izvi zvinosanganisira dziviriro kubva kuzvinhu zvakaita setembiricha, humidity, radiation uye makemikari ejenti. Kuwana membrane ine hupenyu hwakareba pasina kukanganisa kushanda kwayo idambudziko guru.
2. Sarudzo permeability: Rimwe remabasa akakosha e membrane yesero ndere kubvumira nzira yekusarudza yezvinhu kupinda nekubuda musero. Dhizaini yemembrane ine inodzorwa uye chaiyo permeability yakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenzanisa mukufamba kwemaserura. Kukunda zvipimo zvekupinda uye kuwana membrane inoita zvakafanana kune natural cell membrane chinangwa chinonetsa.
3. Scalability uye mutengo: Sezvo isu tichienda kune zvinoshanda zvekushandisa kwesero membrane, zvakakosha kuti tifunge nezve scalability uye mutengo wekugadzira. Kuwana dhizaini ine hupfumi uye inogona kugadzirwa muhuwandu hukuru idambudziko rekuwedzera. Pamusoro pezvo, kugadzirisa maitiro ekugadzira kuti uvandudze mashandiro uye kuderedza nguva yekugadzira zvakare chinhu chakakosha kugadzirisa.
Ethical uye kudzora kufunga mukushandiswa kwesero membrane bhuku
Muchikamu chebiotechnology, kushandiswa kwe membrane yesero kunopa nhevedzano yetsika nekutonga zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa.Idzi pfungwa dzinoreva zvese kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi pamwe nekuwana nekugadzirisa maseru ane chekuita ne process.
Kubva pamaonero etsika, zvakakosha kuvimbisa kuremekedzwa kwehupenyu nekodzero dzemasero anoshandiswa. Zvakakosha kutarisa zvinhu zvinotevera:
- Kubvumirana kwakagadzirwa neruzivo: Mvumo inofanirwa kuwanikwa kubva kune vanopa maseru, kuve nechokwadi chekuti vanonzwisisa zvinogona kushandiswa uye mabhenefiti etekinoroji.
- Kudzivirira zvakavanzika: Matanho anofanirwa kuitwa kuchengetedza kuzivikanwa kwevanopa uye kuona kuti ruzivo rwemajini harushandiswe zvisina kufanira.
- Kuenzana uye kururamisira: Zvakakosha kuona kuti kuwana tekinoroji kwakaenzana uye kuti kusaenzana kwemagariro kana hupfumi hakusi kuenderera mberi.
Nekune rimwe divi, kubva pamaonero ekutonga, zvinodikanwa kumisikidza yakajeka uye yakanyatso mirau inotungamira kushandiswa zvine musoro kwebhuku cell membrane tekinoroji. Zvimwe zvekufunga nezvazvo ndezvi:
- Kuchengetedzwa: Izvo zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti kushandiswa kwetekinoroji hakumiriri njodzi kune hutano hwevanhu kana iyo nharaunda.
- Kudzora mhando: Hunhu huyero hunofanirwa kusimbiswa kuvimbisa kushanda uye kuvimbika kwezvigadzirwa nemashandisirwo anoshandisa sero membrane.
- International regulation: Sezvo biotechnology ichipfuura miganhu, zvinodikanwa kumisikidza zvibvumirano nemirairo padanho repasi rose kuti ritariswe zvakakwana kushandiswa kwesero membrane.
Kurudziro yetsvagurudzo yeramangwana pane cell membrane bhuku
Tsvagiridzo yeramangwana pamusoro pesero membrane mumabhuku inogona kugadzirisa misoro yakasiyana siyana kupfumisa ruzivo rwuripo.Pazasi pane mamwe mazano ekuwedzera kunzwisisa kweiyi ndima inonakidza:
- Ongorora maitiro ekutaurirana kweintercellular: Izvo zvakakosha kuti uongorore zvakadzama muchidzidzo chekuti maseru anotaurirana sei kuburikidza nesero membrane. Kuongorora mhando dzakasiyana dze intercellular signing, sekutaurirana kuburikidza nemaurotransmitters kana kudyidzana kuburikidza ne membrane receptors, zvinogona kuratidza nzira nyowani dzakakosha mumatanho akadai sekusiyaniswa kwesero kana kuti immune system.
- Ongorora membrane dynamics: Kunzwisisa kuti sero membrane inogadziridzwa sei uye kuchinjika kune akasiyana kukurudzira kwakakosha pakuburitsa mashandiro ayo. Kudzidza kugona kwe membrane kugadzira microdomain, senge lipid rafts, uye mabatiro aanoita nemapuroteni emukati uye lipids zvinogona kupa nzwisiso huru muhurongwa nekushanda kwesero.
- Ongorora matekinoroji matsva ekudzidza: Kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye maturusi ekutsvagisa anogona kuvhura mikana mitsva yekudzidza membrane yesero mune zvakadzama. Kuongorora matekinoroji ari kusimukira, akadai seyepamusoro-resolution microscope kana mhenyu masero ekufungidzira assays, anogona kuita kuti zvikwanise kuona maitiro ane simba membrane munguva chaiyo uye kupa ruzivo rwakanyanya nezve chimiro uye basa rayo.
Mibvunzo neMhinduro
Mubvunzo: Chii chinonzi Membrane Cell Book?
A: Cell Membrane Book musanganiswa unoshandiswa mubiology kutsanangura maumbirwo nekushanda kwesero membrane muzvinhu zvipenyu.
Mubvunzo: Chii chakakosha chesero membrane muzvisikwa zvipenyu?
A: Sero membrane yakakosha muzvisikwa zvipenyu, sezvo ichishanda sechinhu chinodzivirira chinogadzirisa mafambiro ezvinhu kupinda nekubuda musero. Inoitawo basa rakakosha mukutaurirana kweserura uye mukuchengetedza nharaunda yemukati yakakodzera kushanda kweserura.
Mubvunzo: Ndezvipi zvinhu zvikuru zvesero membrane?
A: Sero membrane inoshanduka uye ine simba chimiro inoumbwa zvakanyanya ne phospholipids, mapuroteni uye makabhohaidhiretsi. Izvi zvikamu zvinozvipa zvimiro zvakaita sekusarudza permeability, izvo zvinobvumira kupfuura kwemamwe mamorekuru uchivharira mamwe, uye fluidity, iyo inobvumira kufamba kwemamorekuru mukati me membrane.
Mubvunzo: Iyo cell membrane yakarongwa sei?
A: Iyo sero membranes yakarongeka kuita a lipid bilayer, uko hydrophilic polar misoro yephospholipids yakatariswa yakananga kunze nemukati mesero, nepo hydrophobic miswe iri pakati. Iri sangano richagadzira chipingamupinyi chinoparadzanisa intracellular environment kubva kune extracellular environment.
Mubvunzo: Ndeipi basa remapuroteni ari musero membrane?
A: Mapuroteni anoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana musero membrane, sekutakura mamorekuru kuyambuka membrane, kufambisa masaini kubva kunharaunda yekunze kuenda kusero, uye sero adhesion. Ivo vanogona zvakare kuita sema enzymes anokonzeresa kuita kwemakemikari mukati me membrane.
Mubvunzo: Kutendeseka kwesero membrane kunochengetedzwa sei?
A: Sero membrane inochengetwa yakasimba nekuda kwekuvapo kwemaprotein anchoring, anosunga kune cytoskeletal matrix uye anobatsira kudzikamisa. Uyezve, iyo phospholipids iripo mu lipid bilayer inogara ichizviunganidza kugadzirisa chero kukuvadzwa kana kutyoka mu membrane.
Mubvunzo: Chii chinoitika kana cell membrane ikakanganiswa?
A: Kana cell membrane yakuvadzwa kana kuchinjwa, panogona kurasikirwa nesarudzo inodzivirira basa, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukudonha kwesero kana kupinda kwezvinhu zvine chepfu musero, zvinokanganisa kusaina kwesero uye kutaurirana pakati pemaseru akavakidzana.
Mubvunzo: Ndeupi hukama pakati pesero membrane uye zvimwe zvirwere?
A: Cell membrane dysfunction yakabatana nezvirwere zvakasiyana siyana, senge genetic disorder inokanganisa kuumbwa kwe lipids kana membrane mapuroteni, autoimmune zvirwere zvinorwisa membrane mapuroteni, uye mamwe marudzi egomarara apo cell membrane inopa shanduko muchimiro uye basa. .
Mubvunzo: Tekinoroji-sero membrane-based tekinoroji inogona kushandiswa muindasitiri?
A: Ehe, membrane yesero uye zvimiro zvayo zvakashandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemaindasitiri, sekusefa uye kupatsanurwa kwezvinhu, mukugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvebiomedical uye mukugadzirwa kwesimba kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwe electrochemical gradients.
Mashoko Ekupedzisira
Muchidimbu, bhuku remusero membrane chishandiso chakakosha mukudzidza sero biology. Kurongeka kwayo uye kuumbwa kwayo kunobvumira kudzora mafambiro emamorekuru uye kuchengetedza cellular homeostasis. Uyezve, kugona kwayo kutaurirana nemhoteredzo uye kutora chikamu mumabasa akasiyana-siyana emasero anoita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha muhupenyu hwezvipenyu. Sezvo sainzi inofambira mberi, kudzidza kwesero membrane kunotarisirwa kuburitsa zvakatowanda nezve kukosha kwayo uye kupindirana kwakaoma kwainako nezvikamu zvemasero. Pasina kupokana, kuenderera mberi nekuferefeta nekudzika mukati meiyi inonakidza nzvimbo yekudzidza kuchatitendera kuburitsa zvakavanzika zvinonyanya kufadza zvehupenyu pachahwo.
Ini ndiri Sebastián Vidal, injiniya wekombuta anofarira nezve tekinoroji uye DIY. Uyezve, ndini musiki we tecnobits.com, kwandinogovera zvidzidzo kuti tekinoroji iwanikwe uye inonzwisisika kumunhu wese.