Iyo cell membrane, inozivikanwawo se plasma membrane, chinhu chakakosha mu cell biology. Iyo semipermeable barriers inoganhura mukati mesero uye inogadzirisa kuchinjana kwezvinhu neiyo extracellular nharaunda. Muchinyorwa chino tichanyatsoongorora iyo pfungwa yeinofanana cell membrane, kukosha kwayo mumaserura maitiro uye kuti kushanda kwayo chaiko kwakakosha sei kune homeostatic chiyero chezvipenyu.
Nhanganyaya kune cell membrane synonym
Sero membrane, inozivikanwawo se plasma membrane, chinhu chakakosha mumasero ezvipenyu. Iyi semipermeable barriers inotenderedza uye inochengetedza zviri mukati meserura, inodzora kuyerera kwezvinhu kupinda nekubuda musero. Pamusoro pezvo, inoita mabasa akakosha mukukurukurirana kweserura uye mukunamatira kwemasero kune mumwe nemumwe.
Sero membrane inoumbwa zvakanyanya ne phospholipids, mamorekuru anoumba lipid bilayer. Aya lipids ane musoro we hydrophilic unobata nemukati uye wekunze aqueous medium ye cell, uye hydrophobic muswe wakananga pakati pebilayer. Mukuwedzera kune phospholipids, membrane ine mapuroteni anoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana, akadai sekutakura zvinhu, kufambisa kwechiratidzo uye chimiro chemembrane Carbohydrates aripowo muchikamu chiduku, achigadzira glycocalyx, jira reshuga. pamusoro sero pamusoro.
Iyo cell membrane inoita kutaurirana pakati pemaseru ne zvakatipoteredza. Kuti uite izvi, ine akawanda ma receptors anoona ekunze mamorekuru uye anokonzeresa intracellular mhinduro. Uye zvakare, iyo membrane inobvumira kunamatira pakati pemasero kuburikidza neakakosha mapuroteni anobatana panzvimbo dzekusangana dzinodaidzwa kuti desmosomes uye majoini akasimba. Aya majunisheni akakosha pakuchengetedza kutendeseka uye kushanda kwakaringana kwematishu mune zvipenyu zvakawanda.
Kuumbwa uye chimiro cheiyo synonymous cell membrane
Sero membrane chimiro chakakosha mumaseru, chinozadzisa akasiyana akakosha mabasa echipenyu maumbirwo ayo ane hunyanzvi uye anodzorwa zvakanyanya. Tevere, isu tichaongorora zvakadzama zvikamu uye kurongeka kwesero membrane.
Iyo cell membrane inoumbwa zvakanyanya ne lipid bilayer, inoumbwa ne phospholipids, cholesterol uye glycolipids. Aya lipids anokonzera kuyerera uye kugadzikana kwe membrane. Mukuwedzera kune lipids, tinowana zvakasiyana-siyana zveprotein, izvo zvinoita basa rinokosha mukufambisa kwezvinhu, kuzivikanwa kwemasero uye kutaurirana pakati pemasero. Mamwe emapuroteni aya akabatanidzwa, anoyambuka zvachose membrane, uye mamwe ari kumativi, ari kune rumwe rutivi rwemembrane Tinogonawo kuwana makabhohaidhiretsi akabatanidzwa kune mapuroteni kana lipids, achigadzira glycoproteins uye glycolipids inobatsira pakuzivikanwa kwemasero.
Kurongeka kwesero membrane ndeye asymmetric uye ine simba. Mapuroteni uye lipids zvinosarudzwa zvakagoverwa muzvikamu zviviri zve lipid bilayer. Izvi zvinobvumira kugadzirwa kweakasiyana mamicrodomain anonzi "lipid fleets," ayo anobatanidzwa neakakosha mabasa akadai sekutakura chiratidzo uye endocytosis. Pamusoro pazvo, mu membrane tinowana zvimiro zvetsigiro zvinodaidzwa kuti cytoskeleton, izvo zvinoumbwa ne filaments maprotein anopa chimiro uye inochengetedza kuvimbika kwe membrane yesero. Muchidimbu, kuumbwa uye kuumbwa kwesero membrane yakanyanya kuoma uye inobvumira kushanda kwakakodzera kwemasero munzvimbo yavo.
Mabasa echinonymous cell membrane muzvisikwa zvipenyu
Sero membrane chimiro chakakosha muzvisikwa zvipenyu, chinotarisira mabasa mazhinji akafanana anovimbisa kushanda kwayo chaiko. Pazasi, isu tichaongorora mamwe eaya akakosha mabasa e cell membrane:
1. Kudzorwa kwekutakurwa kwezvinhu: Sero membrane inoshanda sechivharidzo chekusarudza chinodzora kufamba kwemamorekuru nemaion mukati nekunze kwesero. Kuburikidza nekutakura mapuroteni uye ion migero, iyo membrane inodzora kupinda uye kubuda kwezvinovaka muviri, mahomoni, mvura uye tsvina, kuchengetedza yakakwana yemukati nharaunda yekushanda kweserura.
2. Dziviriro uye chimiro: Sero membrane inodzivirira zvikamu zvemukati zvesero nekuita sechidziviriro chemuviri kurwisa hutachiona hunopinda nekunze. Uyezve, nekuda kweiyo lipid bilayer chimiro, iyo membrane inopa kugadzikana uye inotsanangura chimiro chesero, ichivimbisa kuvimbika kwayo uye kuramba.
3. Kutaurirana nenharembozha: Iyo cell membrane inoitawo basa rakakosha mukutaurirana pakati pemasero. Kuburikidza nemapuroteni ekugamuchira ari pamusoro payo, membrane inokwanisa kuziva masaini emakemikari uye kutumira mameseji kuburikidza ne intracellular signing cascades. Iyi nzira yakakosha kurongedza mabasa emasero, akadai sekusimudzira, immune immune, uye kusiyanisa kwesero.
Kukosha kwekusarudza permeability mune cell membrane synonym
Kusarudzwa kupinza mukati me membrane yesero chinhu chakakosha chehupenyu nekushanda kwemaseru. Ichi chivakwa chinobvumira kudzora mafambiro ezvinhu kuburikidza ne membrane, kuvimbisa chiyero chemukati uye kuchengetedza sero kubva kunharaunda yaro. Tevere, isu tinosimbisa kukosha kwekusarudza permeability uye kuti inobatsira sei mukushanda kwakanaka kwesero.
Kusarudzika permeability zvinoreva kuti sero membrane inongobvumira zvimwe zvinhu kuti zvipfuure nemairi. Izvi zvakakosha kuchengetedza chiyero chemakemikari mukati mesero, sezvo ichidzivirira kupinda kwezvinhu zvine chepfu, uku ichibvumira kupinda kwemamorekuru anodiwa pakushanda kweserura.
Kukosha kwekusarudza permeability ndeyekuti inobvumira kusarudzwa kwekutakura kwezvinhu, senge maion uye mamorekuru makuru, mhiri kwesero membrane. Izvi zvinogoneka nekuda kwekuvapo kweakasarudzika mapuroteni ekutakura uye chiteshi, ayo anoziva uye anobvumira kupfuura kwezvimwe zvinhu uye kuvhara kupfuura kwevamwe. Nenzira iyi, sero rinokwanisa kunyatso kudzora kupinda nekubuda kwemamorekuru, kuchengetedza homeostasis yayo uye kushanda kwayo.
Active transport uye passive transport mu cell membrane zvakafanana
Active transport uye passive transport maitiro maviri akakosha musero membrane anobvumira kuchinjana kwezvinhu pakati pemukati nekunze kwesero. Matanho aya anofanana mupfungwa yekuti ese anozadzisa chinangwa chekudzora chiyero chehomeostatic uye kuvimbisa kushanda chaiko kwesero.
Mukufambisa kunoshanda, sero rinoshandisa simba "kufambisa zvinhu zvinopesana neconcentration gradient yavo." Iyi nzira inoitwa kuburikidza nemapuroteni ekufambisa anonzi mapombi, anoshandisa ATP sesimba rekushandisa. Muenzaniso wekufambisa kunoshanda ndeye sodium-potassium pombi, iyo inodzinga sodium ions kubva musero uye inotakura potassium ions muchitokisi.
Nekune rumwe rutivi, kufambisa kusingaite hakudi simba kubva musero, sezvo zvichibva pakufamba kwezvinhu zvichidzika pasi peiyo concentration gradient. Iyi nzira inogona kuitika kuburikidza nekupararira kuri nyore, uko mamorekuru anofamba akasununguka kuyambuka membrane, kana kuburikidza nekufambiswa kwakafambiswa, kunosanganisira kutora chikamu kwekutakura mapuroteni. Muenzaniso wekungoita zvifambiso ndiko kuparadzirwa kweokisijeni nepakati pesero membrane.
Synonym cell membrane regulation uye homeostasis
Kudzorwa kwesero membrane, inozivikanwawo sehomeostasis, inzira yakakosha inobvumira chiyero chemukati chesero kuchengetedzwa. Kuburikidza nenhevedzano yenzira, sero rinokwanisa kudzora mafambiro ezvinhu mukati nekubuda mariri, nokudaro richivimbisa kushanda kwayo chaiko.
Kune nzira dzakasiyana dzekuti cell membrane inogona kudzorwa. Imwe yacho ndeyekupararira, maitiro ekuti zvinhu zvinogovaniswa zvakafanana munzvimbo iripo. Imwe nzira yekutonga ndeye osmosis, iyo inosanganisira kufamba kwemvura kuburikidza ne membrane kuti ienzanise kuwanda kwemasolutes mukati nekunze kwesero.
Pamusoro pekupararira uye osmosis, kune dzimwe nzira dzinobatsira pakugadzirisa kwesero membrane. Imwe yacho ndeye kufambisa kunoshanda, umo sero rinoshandisa simba kufambisa zvinhu zvinopesana neconcentration gradient. Imwe nzira ndeye endocytosis, iyo sero rinomedza zvimedu zvakakura kana mamorekuru kuburikidza nekuumbwa kwemavhesi. Pakupedzisira, exocytosis inzira iyo sero rinodzinga zvinhu kunze kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwemavhesi ne membrane.
Shanduko mune zvakafanana sero membrane uye maitiro avo pahutano
Sero membrane chimiro chakakosha chekushanda chaiko kwemaseru muzvinhu zvipenyu kwakakosha kuchengetedza homeostasis uye kuzadzisa mabasa akasiyana ebhayoloji. Nekudaro, kune kwakasiyana shanduko dzinogona kuitika musero membrane, iyo inonyanya kukanganisa hutano. Tevere, tichaongorora dzimwe shanduko idzi uye maitiro adzo pamuviri.
1. Altered permeability: Imwe yeshanduko huru inogona kuitika musero membrane ndeyekushandurwa mukupenya kwayo. Izvi zvinogona kuzviratidza muchimiro chehukuru kana hudiki hunokwanisa kubvumidza kupinda kwe mamorekuru nemaion kuburikidza nayo. Kana kupindirana kuchiwedzera, kusaenzana kweionic kunogona kuitika muchitokisi, iyo inokanganisa kushanda kwayo uye inogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kwakadai se acidosis kana alkalosis. Kune rumwe rutivi, kuderera kwepermeability kunogona kukanganisa kutakurwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha uye kubvisa zvinobudirira tsvina yemetabolism, iyo inogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakomba yehutano.
2. Shanduko mukuyerera kwe membrane: Imwe mhando yeshanduko inogona kuitika musero membrane ndeye shanduko mukuyerera kwayo. Iyo fluidity ye membrane yakakosha kubvumira kufamba kwemamorekuru nemapuroteni kuburikidza nayo. Kana hunhu uhu hwakanganiswa, kusagadzikana mukusaina kweserura kunogona kuitika, zvichikanganisa kutaurirana pakati pemasero uye zvichitungamira mukusashanda zvakanaka mumatishu akasiyana uye masisitimu emuviri. Uyezve, iyo yakaoma sero membrane inogona kuita kuti zviome kuisa zvinhu zvitsva mairi, ichikuvadza kugona kwayo kugadzirisa uye kupindura kune shanduko yezvakatipoteredza.
3. Receiver dysfunctions: Mareceptors mapuroteni ari musero membrane ane basa rekuona uye kusunga kune akasiyana masaini mamorekuru. Nekudaro, shanduko mumembrane inogona kukanganisa chimiro uye kushanda kweaya ma receptors, achigadzira kushomeka mukukurukurirana kweserura uye kugona kwemuviri kupindura kune ekunze kukurudzira. Izvi zvinogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakosha pahutano, sezvo kushaikwa kwemhinduro yakakwana kunogona kufanotungamira kune zvirwere zvakaita seshuga, kenza kana neurodegenerative zvirwere.
Zvinokurudzira kuchengetedza kuperera kwesero membrane synonym
Kutendeseka kwesero membrane kwakakosha pakushanda kwakakodzera kwemasero. Kuti uchengetedze, zvakakosha kutevera mamwe mazano:
- Dzivisa kuratidzwa kune tembiricha yakanyanyisa: Kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kushandura chimiro uye kushanda kwesero membrane. Kune rimwe divi, tembiricha yakaderera inogona kuita kuti membrane ive yakasimba uye isingapindike. Nokudaro, zvinokurudzirwa kuchengetedza masero munzvimbo ine tembiricha yakakwana uye kudzivirira kushanduka kamwe kamwe.
- Chengetedza lipid balance: Lipids zvinhu zvakakosha zve cell membrane. Izvo zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti chikamu che lipids chakakwana kuchengetedza fluidity ye membrane. Imwe nzira yekuita izvi ndeyekudya kudya kwakadzikama kunosanganisira yakakosha mafuta acids.
- Dzivirira kubva kumahara radicals: Oxidative stress inokonzerwa nemahara radicals inogona kukuvadza cell membrane. Kuti uzvidzivirire, zvinokurudzirwa kudya chikafu chakapfuma mune antioxidants semichero nemiriwo. Pamusoro pezvo, kudzivirira kuratidzwa zvakanyanya kune ultraviolet mwaranzi uye chepfu makemikari zvakakosha zvakare.
Mibvunzo neMhinduro
Mubvunzo: Chii chinonzi synonym cell membrane?
A: Iyo yakafanana sero membrane chinhu chakakosha chese masero mapenyu uye ine basa rekudzora kuchinjanisa kwezvinhu pakati peiyo intracellular nharaunda uye extracellular nharaunda.
Mubvunzo: Iyo yakafanana cell membrane inogadzirwa sei?
A: Iyo yakafanana sero membrane inoumbwa zvakanyanya ne lipid bilayer, inoumbwa ne phospholipid mamorekuru. Pamusoro pezvo, ine mapuroteni anoita mabasa chaiwo, akadai sekutakura zvinhu, kutaurirana kwenharembozha uye kucherechedzwa kwezviratidzo.
Mubvunzo: Nderipi basa guru reiyo yakafanana cell membrane?
A: Basa guru rerinofanana sero membrane ndere kudzora mafambiro ezvinhu uye kudzora chiyero chemukati chesero. Inobvumira kupinda kwezvinovaka muviri uye mamwe makomisheni anodiwa pakushanda kweserura, uye inodzivirira kubuda kwezvinhu zvakakosha zvesero.
Q: Ko kutakurwa kwezvinhu kuburikidza neinofanana cell membrane kunoitwa sei?
A: Iyo kutakurwa kwezvinhu iyo yakafanana cell membrane inogona kushanda kana kungoitira. Kutakura kunoitika pasina kushandiswa kwesimba uye kunogona kuva kwemhando mbiri: kupararira kwakareruka uye kufambiswa kwekufambisa kune rimwe divi, kufambisa kunoshanda kunoda simba uye kunogona kuve kwekutanga kana kwechipiri, zvichienderana nesimba rinoshandiswa.
Mubvunzo: Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinopesvedzera zvakafanana sero membrane permeability?
A: Kupinda kweiyo synonymous cell membrane inopesvedzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana, sekusangana kwezvinhu pamativi ese e membrane, saizi uye makemikari zvimiro zvemamorekuru, pamwe nekuvapo kwemaprotein ekufambisa anofambisa zvinhu chaizvo.
Mubvunzo: Chii chinoitika kana basa reiyo yakafanana cell membrane ikakanganiswa?
A: Kana basa reiyo synonymous cell membrane rikakanganiswa, rinogona kukanganisa chiyero chemukati chesero. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira mukuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvine chepfu, kurasikirwa kwemakomisheni akakosha kana shanduko mukushanda kwenzira dzekuratidzira sero.
Q: Ndeapi mashandisirwo ezvakafanana cell membrane research?
A: Kudzidza kweiyo yakafanana cell membrane ine akasiyana maapplication mubiomedical uye biotechnological research. Zvinotitendera kuti tinzwisise zviri nani maitiro ekunyudzwa kwezvinodhaka, kuvandudza kwekurapa kwakanyanya, dhizaini yekurapa kwemajini uye kuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa kwebiofuel, pakati pezvimwe.
Q: Ndedzipi budiriro ichangoburwa yakaitwa mumunda we cell membrane synonyms?
A: Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kufambira mberi kukuru kwakaitwa mukunzwisisa maumbirwo nemashandiro eiyo yakafanana cell membrane, nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwemakrosikopu uye mamorekuru biology maitiro. Kufambira mberi uku kwakatibvumira kudzamisa ruzivo rwedu rwekudyidzana pakati pe membrane nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, pamwe nekutaura uye kudzora mapuroteni ane chekuita nekukwanisa kwawo.
Mukupedzisa
Mukupedzisa, iyo yakafanana sero membrane inhengo yakakosha mumaseru ezvipenyu zvese, ichiita basa rakakosha mukudzora kutakurwa kwezvinhu uye mukutaurirana kweserura. Chimiro chayo chine simba, chinoumbwa ne lipid bilayer uye mapuroteni akasiyana-siyana, inobvumira kuchengetedza mukati mesero uye kuve nechokwadi chekurarama kwayo.
Iko kunzwisiswa kwemaitiro anosanganisirwa mune inofanana cell membrane inoramba nzvimbo yekutsvagisa inoshanda, sezvo kudzidza kwayo kuchigona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha rwekugadzirwa kwemishonga mitsva uye marapirwo anonangidzirwa kune zvirwere zvine chekuita nekuita kwakaipa membrane.
Sezvo sainzi inofambira mberi, zvinotarisirwa kuti zvitsva zvemukati memembrane yesero zvinogona kuwanikwa uye kushandiswa, zvichivhura musuwo webudiriro inogoneka mundima dzakadai semushonga, biotechnology uye bioengineering.
Muchidimbu, cell membrane synonym inoumba chikamu chinonakidza uye chakaomarara chemaseru, ane kudzidza neruzivo rwunoramba rwuchitishamisa ne zvitsva zvawanikwa uye matambudziko ekukunda. Kukosha kwaro mukushanda kwezvisikwa zvipenyu hakurambike, nokudaro richiva mbiru inokosha mumasero nemamolecular biology.
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